2022版高考英语Unit14Careers夯练含解析北师大版必修5

Unit14Careers李仕才一、阅读理解。Formanypeople，beingonthejobmightjustsoundlikeapicniccomparedtoadayathomefilledwithhousework，mealsandchildcare.Evenforthosewithahappyfamilylife，homecansometimesfeelmoretaxingthanwork.Inanewstudy，researchersatPennStateUniversityfoundsignificantlyandconsistentlylowerlevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)releasedinresponsetostress，inamajorityofsubjectswhentheywereatworkcomparedtowhentheywereathome.Thiswastrueforbothmenandwomen，andparentsandpeoplewithoutchildren.Bothmenandwomenshowedlessstressatwork.Butwomenweremorelikelytoreportfeelinghappierthere.Menweremorelikelytofeelhappierathome.Expertssaythereareotherreasonswhyworkislessstressfulthanhomeformany.“Paidworkismorevaluedinsociety，”saysSarahDamaske,theleadresearcheronthestudy.“Householdworkisboringandnotparticularlyrewarding.”Wegetbetteratourjobwithtimeandtheincreasedcompetencemeanslessstressandmorerewards，Yetnoneofus，nomatterhowlongwe'vebeendoingit，evertrulyfeelslikeanexpertatparentingorevenatmarriage.Thesupportandfriendshipofcoworkersalsoofferstressrelief.Athome，meanwhile，stressspreadsandaccumulatesquickly.“That'sthereasonwhymosthousewiveswishtheywerethebreadearners，”Dr.Damaskesays.Muchoftheadvicetofamiliesandcouplesincludesthewarningtoleaveworkstressattheofficeandeventochangeourmindsetfromworktohome，forexample，awalkaroundtheblock.Therecentfindings，though，suggestourhomelife，notourattitude，mightbedueforsomechange.1．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“taxing”？A．stressful　　　　　　　B．cheerfulC．worthwhileD．rewarding2．Whatdidtheresearchinthesecondparagraphprove?A．Menfeltbetterathome.B．Womenfelttheyhadlesstime.C．Womenwereeasiertofeelhappier.D．Mostpeoplefeltmorestressathome.3．Whatdomostpeoplethinkofworkattheoffice?7\nA．Itiscompetitive.B．Itimprovesability.C．Itcan'trelievestress.D．Itdoesn'talwayspayoff.4．Accordingtotherecentfindings，whatshouldwechangetosolvetheproblemmentioned?A．Ourattitude.D．Ourmindset.C．Ourhomelife.D．Ourworkingstyle.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。【难句分析】Inanewstudy，researchersatPennStateUniversityfoundsignificantlyandconsistentlylowerlevelsofcortisol(皮质醇)releasedinresponsetostress,inamajorityofsubjectswhentheywereatworkcomparedtowhentheywereathome.分析：这是一个复合句。第一个when引导时间状语从句。第二个when引导宾语从句，做to后边的宾语。译文：在一项新的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现，比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。1．A　考查词义猜测。本题可利用句意推断法及语境分析法解题。根据第一段第一句“Formanypeople，beingonthejobmightjustsoundlikeapicniccomparedtoadayathomefilledwithhousework，mealsandchildcare”可知，很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比，工作像野餐一样。言外之意，上班比在家轻松，在家比上班更有压力。故选A。cheerful“快乐的，令人愉快的”；worthwhile“值得做的”；rewarding“值得做的，有意义的”。2．D　考查细节理解。本题可利用分析长难句法解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低，这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选D。3．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“Wegetbetteratourjobwithtimeandtheincreasedcompetence...rewards”可知，随着时间的推移，大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选B。4．C　考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句“Therecentfindings，though，suggestourhomelife，notourattitude，mightbedueforsomechange”可知，我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选C。7\n二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·日照5月检测)TOEFL,shortforTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage,isastandardizedtestofEnglish.TheTOEFLtestisanimportantstepofyourjourney61.____________(study)inanEnglishspeakingcountry.TheTOEFLtest62.____________(measure)yourabilitytouseandunderstandattheuniversitylevel.Anditevaluates63.____________wellyoucombineyourlistening,reading,speakingandwriting64.____________(skill)toperformacademictasks.Morethan30millionpeoplefromallovertheworldhavetakentheTOEFLtesttoshow65.____________Englishlanguagecompetence.TheTOEFLtesthas66.____________(many)testdatesandlocationsthananyotherEnglishlanguagetestintheworld.Youcanretakethetestmanytimesasyouwish,67.____________youcannottakeitmorethanonceina12dayperiod.TheTOEFLtestisthemost68.____________(wide)respectedEnglishlanguagetestintheworld,69.____________(organize)bymorethan9，000colleges,universitiesandagenciesinmorethan130countries,70.____________(include)Australia，Canada,theU．K.andtheUnitedStates.Whereveryouwanttostudy,theTOEFLtestcanhelpyougetthere.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了托福考试的一些相关内容，包括考查项目、参加次数以及托福考试的影响和作用等。61．tostudy　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用动词不定式表示目的。故填tostudy。62．measures　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文用的是一般现在时，“TheTOEFLtest”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填measures。63．how　解析：考查副词。句意为：它评价你把你的听、说、读、写能力结合起来的程度。howwell指程度如何。故填how。64．skills　解析：考查名词复数。听、说、读、写是四种能力，所以要用名词skill的复数形式skills。65．their　解析：考查物主代词。句意为：超过3000万来自世界各地的人参加托福考试来展示他们的英语语言能力。空格处修饰名词“Englishlanguagecompetence”，指前面提到的“30millionpeople”的能力，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。66．more　解析：考查形容词的比较级。由空格后的“than”可知，此处应用many的比较级形式。故填more。67．but　解析：考查连词。前一句说只要你愿意，你可以多次重复参加托福考试，7\n后一句说你不能在12天的时间内连续报考。前后两句话在意思上是转折关系。故填but。68．widely　解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“respected”，故填所给词的副词形式widely。69．organized　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语“TheTOEFLtest”和动词organize构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词形式。故填organized。70．including　解析：考查词性转换。此处指包括澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国。应用所给词的介词形式including，意为“包含，包括”。三、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2022·石家庄高三质检)I’velearntfromthenoticethatyou’relookingforanEnglisheditorforusschoolpaper.I’mwrittenthislettertoapplyfortheposition.I’mLiHua,SeniorThreestudentinourschool.Inmyview,Imetyourrequirements.Foronething,I’mwillingtodevotesomeofmysparetimetoserveothers.Foranother,I’mgoodatbothEnglishorFineArts.I’meitherskilledinusingcomputers.Iwouldbegladifyoucouldoffertomeanopportunityforaninterview.I’mlookingforwardtoyourkindlyreplyatyourearliestconvenient.答案：I’velearntfromthenoticethatyou’relookingforanEnglisheditorforschoolpaper.I’mthislettertoapplyfortheposition.I’mLiHua，SeniorThreestudentinourschool.Inmyview,Iyourrequirements.Foronething,I’mwillingtodevotesomeofmysparetimeto7\nothers.Foranother,I’mgoodatbothEnglishFineArts.I’mskilledinusingcomputers.Iwouldbegladifyoucouldoffermeanopportunityforaninterview.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliest.四、七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。JohannesGutenbergwaschosentobethemostimportantfigureofthepastmillennium(千年)bythemedia.Youmaynotbefamiliarwithhim.　1　Gutenbergispraisedforhavinginventedtheprintingpressandthereforepreparingthewayforprintingbooks.HewasbornintoawealthyfamilyinthecityofMainz,Germany.In1428,hemovedtoStrasbourgandlivedthereforalmost20years.　2　 Gutenbergusedhisskillsinmetalworkforthemassproductionofbooks.　3　ThatmeansthateachcopyoftheCatholicBibleandallofits73bookswerepainstakinglyhandwrittenbypenmen.Gutenbergfashionedafont(字体)ofover300characters,farlargerthanthefontsoftoday.Tomakethispossible,heinventedthevariable-widthmold(模具)andperfectedthemixtureofmaterialsusedbytypefactoriesuptothepresentcentury.　4　Between1450and1455,whilepreparingtoproducealargeLatinBible,Gutenbergisthoughttohaveprintedanumberofsmallerbooks,acalendar,andsoon.TheBibleof42Lines,theoldestsurvivingprintedbookintheWesternworld,wascompletedbyAugust15,1456.Theinventionofthemodernprintingpresschangedthewayinformationwasdelivered.　5　 Eventodayinthecomputerage,werelyheavilyontheprintedwordortextforinstruction,information,andforthepleasureofreadingliterature.A.Gutenbergmadetheworldamuchricherplace.B.Buthehascertainlyinfluencedyourlifeinsomeways.C.Gutenberg’sideawasoneofthegreatestofallmankind.7\nD.By1450,GutenbergwasbackinMainzworkingonaprintingpress.E.Thisinventionwasalsoresponsibleforeducatingthemassesworldwide.F.BeforethespreadofGutenberg’sidea,literaturewasprimarilyhandwritten.G.ItwasinStrasbourgthatheprobablymadehisfirstexperimentwithmoveabletype.【文章大意】印刷机的发明人约翰内斯·古登堡被媒体选为过去一千年里最重要的人物。1.【解析】选B。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意:你可能并不熟悉他。空后句意:Gutenberg因为发明了印刷机而得到赞扬。可知这里选B项:但是他确实在一些方面影响了你的生活。符合上下文。故选B。2.【解析】选G。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意:1428年,他搬去Strasbourg,在那里他住了将近20年。可知这里选G项:正是在Strasbourg,他可能用活字印刷做了他的第一次实验。符合句意。故选G。3.【解析】选F。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意:Gutenberg为书籍的大量生产使用他对金属制品的技能。空后句意:那就意味着每本天主教圣经以及所有的73本书全部都是抄录员精心手写的。可知这里选F项:在Gutenberg的方法传播之前,文学著作主要都是手写的。符合上下文。故选F。4.【解析】选D。考查对上下文语境的理解。空后句意:在1450到1455年之间,准备出版一本大的拉丁圣经时,Gutenberg被认为已经印刷了很多更小的书,一本日历等。可知这里选D项:到1450年为止,Gutenberg回到Mainz致力于印刷机的工作。符合句意。故选D。5.【解析】选E。考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意:现代印刷机的发明改变了信息的传递方式。可知这里选E项:这项发明也对全世界的大众教育起到积极作用。符合上下文。故选E。无、书面表达(2022·昆明质检)假定你是李华，2月8日到英国旅游，在伦敦希思罗机场(LondonHeathrowAirport)出口处拾到一个手提箱，你把它交给机场工作人员，他们非常感谢你，同时请你写一份情况说明。要点如下：1．拾到者简明信息；2.事情经过；3.物品描述(样式、颜色、大小等)。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。I’mLi7\nHua，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________LiHuaOnepossibleversion：I’m__Li__Hua,__ahighschoolstudentfromChina.I’mhereinBritainformyholidays.Ataround8：30,onthemorningofFebruary8th,IfoundalostsuitcaseneartheexitofLondonHeathrowAirport.Iwaitedthereforsometime,butnobodycameforit.Ihandeditintotheinformationcenter.Itisablacksuitcaseofrectangleshape.Itssizeisjustasbigasaschoolbag.Whenpicked,thesuitcasewashalfopenandthereweresomedocumentsandacamerainit.Iwishtheownercouldcomebacksoonandgetit！Li__Hua7