2022版高考英语Unit6Design夯练含解析北师大版必修2

Unit6Design李仕才一、阅读理解。TheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2.5millioninsectspecies，tensofthousandsofplants，andsome2000birdsandmammals.Todate，atleast40000plantspecies,3000fish,1294birds,427mammals,428amphibians，and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion.OneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldliveintherainforestsoftheAmazon.Thewarmwetforestshavebeeninexistencefor55millionyears，andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods，allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies.Radiocarbondating(放射性碳年代测定)hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterdiametertobemorethan300yearsold，andsometreesover1000yearsold，indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity.ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11200yearsago.Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury，bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers.TheAmazonrainforesthasbeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetodeforestation(采伐森林)，rainforestsnowcoverlessthan5%oftheEarth'slandsurface，andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange.Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury，with587000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000.Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture.Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.1．WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?A．Toprovetheforestuntouched.B．Toclassifyspeciesscientifically.C．Toshowthediversityofspecies.D．ToattractmoreattentiontoAmazon.2．WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?A．Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere.7\nB．Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly.C．Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned.D．TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers.3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies.B．Itcoversover5%ofSouthAmerica.C．Itisbecominglargerinarea.D．Itisbeingendangerednow.4．Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofdestroyingforests.B．Measurestoprotectrainforests.C．NewsettlementsinAmazon.D．Waystostopglobalwarming.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚马逊热带雨林正面临消失的危险。1．C　目的意图题。通读全文可知，第一段提到昆虫、植物和动物等物种的数量，是为了表明亚马逊热带雨林物种的多样性。故答案选C。2．A　细节理解题。Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves，killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．(第三段第二句)译文：十六世纪，欧洲探险家来到这里，带来了疾病，这些疾病的传播速度比探险家前行的脚步还要快，大约使多达90%的土著居民死亡。根据关键句可知，欧洲探险家把疾病带到亚马逊地区，导致大多数土著居民死亡。故答案选A。3．D　推理判断题。Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增加导致了定居点和滥伐森林的增加，根据目前的速度，科学家估计亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少40%。根据关键句可推知，亚马逊热带雨林正面临消失的危险。故答案选D。4．B　推理判断题。最后一段主要介绍了由于滥伐森林，亚马逊热带雨林覆盖率在下降，正面临消失的危险；由此可推知，文章接下来应是针对这种情况介绍如何保护亚马逊热带雨林。故答案选B。亮点句积累：Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation，andatthepresentrate，scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforest7\nwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.(最后一段最后一句)译文：运输路线的增加导致了定居点和滥伐森林的增加，根据目前的速度，科学家估计亚马逊热带雨林在二十年内将减少40%。二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2022·南昌二模)IwanttotalkaboutMissSmith,ahistoryteacherIhadatsecondaryschool61.____________Iwasabout15.MostoftheteachersIhadwereOK,62.____________theygavethefeelingthatitwasjustajob.ItseemedthatMissSmithreally63.____________(love)bothhistoryandteachingit.Oneofthe64.____________(good)thingsaboutherlessonswasthatwedidn’talwayshavetostudyinanordinaryway.Forexample,ratherthanwriteanarticleforhomework,usuallywewereallowed65.____________(work)withafriendtowriteanimaginarydialoguebetweentwohistorical66.____________(figure)．Thenwecouldperformitfortheclass.IthinkMissSmithinfluencedmeintwoimportantways.Firstly,shemademe67.____________(interest)inhistory.NowIstillreadbooksonhistoryandwatchTVprogramsaboutitwhenIgetthechance.68.____________(second),sheshowedmehowateachercanusethestudents’owncreativitytohelpthemlearn.Instead69.____________justbeingakindofaudienceforlessons,wewereinvolvedin70.____________(decide)whathappenedinthelessons.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者的初中历史老师。该老师与众不同，总是让课堂充满乐趣，并布置学生喜欢的作业，从而赢得了学生的爱戴。61．when　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，Smith老师是作者15岁上中学时的一个历史老师；分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中引导时间状语从句。故填when。62．but　解析：考查连词。根据空格前的“wereOK”及下文中的“itwasjustajob”可知，作者的大部分老师都很好，但是他们给人的感觉是教书只是一份工作，空格前后表示转折。故填but。63．loved　解析：考查动词的时态。文章总体时态为一般过去时。故填loved。64．best　解析：考查形容词的最高级。“Oneof＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”意为“……中最……的一个”。根据语境可知，此处指她上课最大的一个优点是不总是用常规的方式教学。故填best。65．towork　解析：考查非谓语动词。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故填towork.7\n66．figures　解析：考查名词复数。根据空格前的“two”可知，此处应用可数名词figure的复数形式。故填figures。67．interested　解析：考查词性转换。“makesb.＋形容词”意为“使某人……”，此处指使作者对历史感兴趣。故填interested。68．Secondly　解析：考查词性转换。根据上文中的“Firstly”可知，此处应填Secondly。注意首字母大写。69．of　解析：考查介词。insteadof意为“代替，而不是”。故填of。70．deciding　解析：考查非谓语动词。介词in后接动名词形式。故填deciding。三、短文改错。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；　　2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2022·河北衡水高三期末)Asaseniorthreestudent,itwon’ttakelongafterIgraduate.Now,Ihavemuchtosharewithmyfellowstudent.Firstly,I’dliketoshowmyappreciationtothosestoodbymealltheway,teachers,parentsandfriendsincluded.Withtheirhelpandadvice,mylifewouldbedifferent.Secondly,it’shightimeforItosaysorrytotheclassmateswhomIhurtormisunderstood.Ifirmbelievethatcommunicationandsmilesactbridgestofriendship.Thirdly,I’vemadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudy,sohardworkisthekeytoasuccess.FinallyIwanttoexpressmyhopewhichalltheyoungfellowscanmakefulluseoftime,becausetimeandtidewaitfornoman.答案：Asaseniorthreestudent,itwon’ttakelongIgraduate.Now,Ihavemuchtosharewithmyfellow.Firstly,I’dliketoshowmyappreciationtothosebymealltheway,teachers,parentsandfriendsincluded.theirhelpandadvice,mylifewouldbedifferent.Secondly,it’shightimefortosaysorrytotheclassmateswhom7\nIhurtormisunderstood.Ibelievethatcommunicationandsmilesactbridgestofriendship.Thirdly,I’vemadeupmymindtomakeeveryefforttostudy,hardworkisthekeytosuccess.FinallyIwanttoexpressmyhopealltheyoungfellowscanmakefulluseoftime,becausetimeandtidewaitfornoman.四、七选五。Asyouknow,itisaquitedifferentexperiencebeingaroundpositivepeopleversusnegativeones.Ifyouaredeterminedtobemorepositiveyourself，herearesomewaysyoucando：·Failureispartoflearning.1.___________.Theyunderstandthatfailureisanevent，anddoesn’tdefinewhotheyare.Negativepeopleareemotionallydisabledbyfailurebecausetheyallowittodefinewhotheyare.2.___________.·3.___________.Becausetheyareteamplayers，positivepeoplewillgetbehindandsupportideasthatarenottheirs—eveniftheymightdisagreewiththem.Negativepeoplehaveahardtimefullysupportingideasthattheyfeelwon’tbesuccessful.Whenanideathatwasn’ttheirsdoesn’tsucceed,theyaresuretogivetheirteammatesthe“Itoldyouso”expression.·You’resogood!4.___________.Theypaycloseattentiontootherswhenothersdowell，andtheyarequicktotellthem.Negativepeoplesay，“WhywouldIpraisepeopleforthingstheyaresupposedtodo？”Mostimportantly，it’snotaboutthepraise.5.___________.Thesimplepraisecanstrengthenrelationshipsandmotivatethepersontodoevenbetter.Positivepeopledon’tunderestimate(低估)thepowerofencouragingwords.A．PositivepeoplearealltalkativeB．TeamworkmakesthedreamworkC．PositivepeopleliketospreadpositivityD．NegativepeopleknowaboutfailureverymuchE．It’saboutshowingtheotherpeoplethatyounoticethemF．PositivepeopleviewfailureasanopportunitytolearnandgetbetterG．Theyfailtounderstandthatit’spartofthelearningandgrowingprocess【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了成为一个积极乐观的人的方法。1．F　解析：根据上文中的“Failureispartoflearning”可推知，7\n积极乐观的人能够从失败中学习，从而成长，所以选F项。2．G　解析：空处与上文中的“Theyunderstandthatfailureisanevent,anddoesn’tdefinewhotheyare.”形成对比，由此可推知，消极的人不能真正理解失败的含义，从而不能从中得到学习，有所进步，所以选G项。3．B　解析：根据下文中的“Because...withthem.”可推知，团队协作很重要，积极的人会互相支持以实现梦想，所以选B项。4．C　解析：根据空前一句“You’resogood！”可推知，积极乐观的人说积极的话语，传递正能量，所以选C项。5．E　解析：根据上文的“Mostimportantly，it’snotaboutthepraise.”及下文的“Thesimplepraisecanstrengthenrelationshipsandmotivatethepersontodoevenbetter.”可推知，积极乐观的人赞扬别人表明他们在乎对方，从而可以改善人际关系，激励他人做得更好，所以选E项。五、书面表达假定你是高三学生李华，从网上获悉一家国际青少年志愿者组织正在全球招募暑期志愿者。请写一封电子邮件申请加入。主要内容如下：1．写信目的；2．自我介绍；3．希望获准。注意：1.词数100左右；2．文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearSirorMadam，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withallmybestregards.Yourssincerely，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：7\nDear_Sir_or_Madam，I’mwritingthislettertoapplyforthejobasavolunteerthatyouhaveadvertisedontheInternet.Inmyopinion,notonlycanvolunteerworkhelpmeenrichmyknowledgeandexperience,butalsoitcanhelpthosewhoareinneedlivebetterandbecomemoreconfident.IwillgraduatefromseniorhighschoolinJune.Inthepast,ItookpartinmanysocialactivitiesinwhichIperformedwellandgainedrichexperience.MyinterestandskillinEnglish,communicationandteamworkcontributetomyapplicationforthejob.Iwouldappreciateaninterviewatyourconvenience.I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyouinthefuture.With_all_my_best_regards.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua7