2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版必修1

Earthquakes李仕才一、阅读理解。Youuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.Butshe,Xiaoice,isonlyavirtualchatbot(虚拟聊天机器人).Xiaoice,Microsoft’slatestartificialintelligencerobot,wasbrieflyreleasedin2022,andreturnedtoWeChatin2022,whereshebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily,theNewYorkTimesreported.OnWeChat,Xiaoiceisanofficialaccount.Afterfollowingit,userscanstarttext-basedconversationswithXiaoice.“HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoice,”LiuJinchang,aresearcheratHigh-techResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,toldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis(表情符号)inconversations,Xiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusers,ChinaDailyreported.Chatbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid-1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompanies,theyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommon.Forinstance,IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia’sDeakinUniversity,answeringstudents’questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaid.Apple’sSiriandAmazon’sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnews,playmusicandevenmakejokesfortheirusers.Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,theNewYorkTimespointedout.However,itmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopa“Samantha”,theadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.Inthefilm,SamanthahasaromanticrelationshipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况,列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎,IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问,但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上,人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。9\n1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Shebecameabestseller.B.Shebecameverypowerful.C.Shebecameamoneymaker.D.Shebecameverypopular.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily可知,她在微信上大受欢迎,很多中国年轻人都喜欢与她聊天,故选D。2.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?A.Dohousework.B.Spreadmessages.C.Identifyvariousphotos.D.Readnewstoherusers.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中herabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis可知,她有能力分辨照片和发送表情符号,故选C。3.Whichcompany’schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?A.Microsoft.　　　　　B.IBM.C.Apple.D.Amazon.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultant可知,IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问,故选B。4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Chatbotswillbeappliedtocarssoon.B.Chatbotsmainlyrunonsmartphonesnow.C.SamanthaisplayedbyaUSactorinthefilm.D.ThefilmHerdoesn’tinterestmanyaudience.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,可知,人们期待这些程序除了应用在智能手机上,也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地,所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上,故选B。9\n二、单句语法填空1．I________(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.答案：wastrapped　betrappedin“被困在……”。2．Aftersheheardthenews,therewasanexcited________(express)onherface.答案：expression　由空前的“anexcited”可知，应填名词expression“表情”。3．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintings________(destroy)．答案：weredestroyed　动词destroy“毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。4．Themeetingcameto________endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.答案：an　cometoanend“结束”。5．Don'tforgettopraisethem________(sincere)whensomeonedoessomethinggood.答案：sincerely　副词sincerely“真诚地”，在此处修饰动词praise。6．Hewasreplacedbyanothermidfielderbecauseofhis________(injure)．答案：injury　由空前的his可知，应填名词injury“受伤；伤害”。7．Thankyouforyourletterconveying________(congratulate)onmyappointment.答案：congratulations　由空前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。congratulation“祝贺”，且常用复数形式。8．Thenewsofthesuddendeathoftheyoungfamouspianistcamethismorning,whichmadehisfans________(shock)．答案：shocked　此处形容词shocked“感到震惊的”作宾语补足语。9．Thegovernmentthinks________(high)ofhisinventionbecauseitwillbenefitthewholecountry.答案：highly　thinkhighlyof“高度评价……”，是固定搭配。10．Inahurry,wearrivedatacabininthemountaintoshelter________therain.答案：from　shelterfromtherain“躲雨”。三、完形填空。Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst___1___,theywerelikenewbornbabies,unabletousethis___2___tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,9\nthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture___3___andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis___4___forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They___5___thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus___6___aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower___7___.Proponents(支持者)ofthisinnateness(天赋)theorysaythatour___8___forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,___9___afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical___10___timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current___11___ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.___12___,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin___13___grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing___14___tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe___15___oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.___16___someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen___17___fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat___18___withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage___19___thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.___20___,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.1.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.combined【答案】B【解析】此处意为：当人类刚刚开始进化，他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。9\nevolved逐渐发展进化，符合题意。generated生殖，发展；born(bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词；combined联合，结合。2.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite【答案】A【解析】根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的；appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说，应当是珍贵的。3.A.achievementsB.convenienceC.entertainmentsD.appearance【答案】A【解析】此处意思是：语言的发展增加了人类取得未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。achievements成就；convenience方便；entertainments娱乐；appearance外观，外貌。4.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible【答案】D【解析】此处意为：许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语beresponsiblefor对……负责，是……的原由。其它选项不与for搭配。5.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince【答案】C6.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with【答案】D【解析】固定搭配providesb.withsth.意为“向(人)提供(物)”。9\n句意：他们断言，我们高度发达的大脑，为我们提供了一种天生的、还没有在低等生物体身上发现的语言能力。7.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children【答案】B【解析】根据上文的叙述，显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体，生物体。8.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.contribution【答案】A【解析】此句意思是：人类的语言能力是与生俱来的，但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力；performance履行；preference偏爱；contribution贡献。9.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike【答案】A【解析】此句句意是：语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as(作为，当作)合乎题意。like作为介词的意思是“像……一样”。10.A.consistentB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological【答案】B【解析】此句句意为：语言的发展有一个关键期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的；consistent一致的；social社会的；psychological心理的。11.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation【答案】A【解析】此处意为：目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一，但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。12.A.InawordB.InasenseC.IndeedD.9\nInconclusion【答案】C13.A.uniqueB.differentC.thehigherD.thelower【答案】D【解析】此处意思是：越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易，根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadults…可以选定答案。14.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved【答案】B【解析】此处意为：通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。beexposedto是固定搭配，接触到。reveal(显露)sth.tosb，不合题意，因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engagein从事；beinvolvedin参与。15.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions【答案】C【解析】此句意思是：一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules规则，规律；regulations规定；formations构成，构造；constitutions宪法，章程。16.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系，应为让步关系。句意：虽然语言的一些因素是天生的这无可争辩，但语言却不能脱离实际而自动发展。17.A.distinguishedB.difficultC.protectedD.isolated【答案】D9\n【解析】此句句意为：与人隔绝的儿童是不能掌握好一门语言的。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的；distinguished区别的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保护的。18.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction【答案】D19.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.access【答案】A【解析】根据分析，本句中的“this”和“evenmorebasic”分别指代上句的“interactionwithotherhumanbeings”和“necessary”，此处所填词对应上文中的languagedevelopment。也就是说，languageacquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏，感激；requirement要求；access入口，通路，路径。20.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.InotherwordsD.Asawhole【答案】C【解析】本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative,learnedbehavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。inotherwords换言之，换句话说；asaresult结果是；afterall毕竟；asawhole总的来说，总体上看。这些语言学家视语言为一种模仿的学习性行为。也就是说，孩子通过模仿父母的语言来进行学习。父母们通过鼓励准确的模仿和改正不正确的模仿，逐渐塑造了他们的孩子的语言技能。四、单句改错1．Thestonewassoheavyforhimtomove,sohecalledhisfriendstohelp.________________________________________________________答案：第一个so→too　too...todo“太……而不能”。2．Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buriedherheadinthebookinherhands.________________________________________________________9\n答案：buried→burying　此处burying是现在分词作伴随状语。3．Judgedfromhisappearance,heseemstoberich.________________________________________________________答案：Judged→Judging　judgingfrom...“由……来判断”。4．Ithinktherearethenumberofopportunitiestogetmoreenergy.________________________________________________________答案：the→a　anumberofopportunities“许多机会”。5．ThenewsthatDonaldTrumpwaselectedPresidentoftheUSAmadethewholeworldextremeshocked.________________________________________________________答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副词“极其，非常”，此处修饰形容词shocked。9