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2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版必修1

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Earthquakes李仕才一、阅读理解。Youuseherasashouldertocryon.Shetextsyoubackwithcasualjokes.Butshe,Xiaoice,isonlyavirtualchatbot(虚拟聊天机器人).Xiaoice,Microsoft’slatestartificialintelligencerobot,wasbrieflyreleasedin2022,andreturnedtoWeChatin2022,whereshebecameabighit.MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily,theNewYorkTimesreported.OnWeChat,Xiaoiceisanofficialaccount.Afterfollowingit,userscanstarttext-basedconversationswithXiaoice.“HerincrediblelearningabilitywaswhypeoplelovedtotalkwithXiaoice,”LiuJinchang,aresearcheratHigh-techResearchandDevelopmentCenterundertheMinistryofScienceandTechnology,toldChinaDaily.Apartfromherabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis(表情符号)inconversations,Xiaoicegains45percentofherknowledgefrominteractingwithusers,ChinaDailyreported.Chatbotprogramsfirstappearedinthemid-1960sintheUS.Drivenbytoptechcompanies,theyarebecomingsmarterandmorecommon.Forinstance,IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultantatAustralia’sDeakinUniversity,answeringstudents’questionsaboutcourseschedulesandfinancialaid.Apple’sSiriandAmazon’sAlexahavebeenusedasvoiceassistantswhocanreadnews,playmusicandevenmakejokesfortheirusers.Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,theNewYorkTimespointedout.However,itmaytakedecadesbeforescientistsdevelopa“Samantha”,theadvancedchatbotseeninthefictionfilmHer.Inthefilm,SamanthahasaromanticrelationshipwithheruserplayedbyUSactorJoaquinPhoenix.Manyviewerswereenthusiasticaboutthisfantasyofvirtualsoulmates.【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况,列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎,IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问,但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上,人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。9\n1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?A.Shebecameabestseller.B.Shebecameverypowerful.C.Shebecameamoneymaker.D.Shebecameverypopular.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段中MillionsofyoungChinesenowexchangemessageswithherdaily可知,她在微信上大受欢迎,很多中国年轻人都喜欢与她聊天,故选D。2.WhichofthefollowingcanXiaoicedo?A.Dohousework.B.Spreadmessages.C.Identifyvariousphotos.D.Readnewstoherusers.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中herabilitytoidentifyphotosandsendemojis可知,她有能力分辨照片和发送表情符号,故选C。3.Whichcompany’schatbotprogramcanactasanacademicconsultant?A.Microsoft.     B.IBM.C.Apple.D.Amazon.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中IBM’slatestartificialintelligenceprogramservedasanacademicconsultant可知,IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问,故选B。4.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Chatbotswillbeappliedtocarssoon.B.Chatbotsmainlyrunonsmartphonesnow.C.SamanthaisplayedbyaUSactorinthefilm.D.ThefilmHerdoesn’tinterestmanyaudience.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中Theseprogramsareexpectedtomovebeyondsmartphones,intotelevisions,carsandlivingrooms,可知,人们期待这些程序除了应用在智能手机上,也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地,所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上,故选B。9\n二、单句语法填空1.I________(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.答案:wastrapped betrappedin“被困在……”。2.Aftersheheardthenews,therewasanexcited________(express)onherface.答案:expression 由空前的“anexcited”可知,应填名词expression“表情”。3.WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintings________(destroy).答案:weredestroyed 动词destroy“毁灭;毁掉”,此处表被动,且指过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。4.Themeetingcameto________endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.答案:an cometoanend“结束”。5.Don'tforgettopraisethem________(sincere)whensomeonedoessomethinggood.答案:sincerely 副词sincerely“真诚地”,在此处修饰动词praise。6.Hewasreplacedbyanothermidfielderbecauseofhis________(injure).答案:injury 由空前的his可知,应填名词injury“受伤;伤害”。7.Thankyouforyourletterconveying________(congratulate)onmyappointment.答案:congratulations 由空前的现在分词conveying可知,应填名词。congratulation“祝贺”,且常用复数形式。8.Thenewsofthesuddendeathoftheyoungfamouspianistcamethismorning,whichmadehisfans________(shock).答案:shocked 此处形容词shocked“感到震惊的”作宾语补足语。9.Thegovernmentthinks________(high)ofhisinventionbecauseitwillbenefitthewholecountry.答案:highly thinkhighlyof“高度评价……”,是固定搭配。10.Inahurry,wearrivedatacabininthemountaintoshelter________therain.答案:from shelterfromtherain“躲雨”。三、完形填空。Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst___1___,theywerelikenewbornbabies,unabletousethis___2___tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,9\nthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture___3___andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis___4___forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They___5___thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus___6___aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower___7___.Proponents(支持者)ofthisinnateness(天赋)theorysaythatour___8___forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,___9___afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical___10___timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current___11___ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however,evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.___12___,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin___13___grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing___14___tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe___15___oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.___16___someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen___17___fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat___18___withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage___19___thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.___20___,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.1.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.combined【答案】B【解析】此处意为:当人类刚刚开始进化,他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具。9\nevolved逐渐发展进化,符合题意。generated生殖,发展;born(bear的过去分词)不能作谓语动词;combined联合,结合。2.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite【答案】A【解析】根据语法分析,答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的;appropriate合适的,适当的;convenient方便的,便利的;favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果,而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的,对人类来说,应当是珍贵的。3.A.achievementsB.convenienceC.entertainmentsD.appearance【答案】A【解析】此处意思是:语言的发展增加了人类取得未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。achievements成就;convenience方便;entertainments娱乐;appearance外观,外貌。4.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible【答案】D【解析】此处意为:许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语beresponsiblefor对……负责,是……的原由。其它选项不与for搭配。5.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince【答案】C6.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with【答案】D【解析】固定搭配providesb.withsth.意为“向(人)提供(物)”。9\n句意:他们断言,我们高度发达的大脑,为我们提供了一种天生的、还没有在低等生物体身上发现的语言能力。7.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children【答案】B【解析】根据上文的叙述,显然,这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体,生物体。8.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.contribution【答案】A【解析】此句意思是:人类的语言能力是与生俱来的,但语言本身也在逐渐发展,所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜力;performance履行;preference偏爱;contribution贡献。9.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike【答案】A【解析】此句句意是:语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能,其发展是缓慢的。as(作为,当作)合乎题意。like作为介词的意思是“像……一样”。10.A.consistentB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological【答案】B【解析】此句句意为:语言的发展有一个关键期,人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的;consistent一致的;social社会的;psychological心理的。11.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.recommendation【答案】A【解析】此处意为:目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一,但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论;reference参考;reaction反应;recommendation推荐。12.A.InawordB.InasenseC.IndeedD.9\nInconclusion【答案】C13.A.uniqueB.differentC.thehigherD.thelower【答案】D【解析】此处意思是:越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易,根据常识(低年级学外语较容易)以及后文的Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadults…可以选定答案。14.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved【答案】B【解析】此处意为:通过接触多种语言,孩子们可以学会好几种语言。beexposedto是固定搭配,接触到。reveal(显露)sth.tosb,不合题意,因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engagein从事;beinvolvedin参与。15.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions【答案】C【解析】此句意思是:一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中,成年人就很难再学好另一种语言。rules规则,规律;regulations规定;formations构成,构造;constitutions宪法,章程。16.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系,应为让步关系。句意:虽然语言的一些因素是天生的这无可争辩,但语言却不能脱离实际而自动发展。17.A.distinguishedB.difficultC.protectedD.isolated【答案】D9\n【解析】此句句意为:与人隔绝的儿童是不能掌握好一门语言的。isolated孤立的,与人隔绝的;distinguished区别的,杰出的;different不同的;protected受到保护的。18.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction【答案】D19.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.access【答案】A【解析】根据分析,本句中的“this”和“evenmorebasic”分别指代上句的“interactionwithotherhumanbeings”和“necessary”,此处所填词对应上文中的languagedevelopment。也就是说,languageacquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激;requirement要求;access入口,通路,路径。20.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.InotherwordsD.Asawhole【答案】C【解析】本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitative,learnedbehavior.(模仿性的后天行为)”。inotherwords换言之,换句话说;asaresult结果是;afterall毕竟;asawhole总的来说,总体上看。这些语言学家视语言为一种模仿的学习性行为。也就是说,孩子通过模仿父母的语言来进行学习。父母们通过鼓励准确的模仿和改正不正确的模仿,逐渐塑造了他们的孩子的语言技能。四、单句改错1.Thestonewassoheavyforhimtomove,sohecalledhisfriendstohelp.________________________________________________________答案:第一个so→too too...todo“太……而不能”。2.Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buriedherheadinthebookinherhands.________________________________________________________9\n答案:buried→burying 此处burying是现在分词作伴随状语。3.Judgedfromhisappearance,heseemstoberich.________________________________________________________答案:Judged→Judging judgingfrom...“由……来判断”。4.Ithinktherearethenumberofopportunitiestogetmoreenergy.________________________________________________________答案:the→a anumberofopportunities“许多机会”。5.ThenewsthatDonaldTrumpwaselectedPresidentoftheUSAmadethewholeworldextremeshocked.________________________________________________________答案:extreme→extremely extremely副词“极其,非常”,此处修饰形容词shocked。9

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发布时间:2022-08-25 14:45:19 页数:9
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