2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit1Friendship含解析新人教版必修1

Unit1Friendship李仕才一、阅读理解。GoldenGateBridgeLocatedinSanFrancisco，theGoldenGateBridgestartedintheyear1933toconnecttheSanFranciscoPeninsulawithMarinCounty.Itwasfinallythrownopentopublicin1937.Itcostmorethan$35millionintheconstruction.Tilltheyear1957，theGoldenGateBridge，atalengthof2,737meters,wasthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.BrooklynBridgeTheBrooklynBridgeislocatedinBrooklyn.ItisoneoftheoldestbridgesintheUnitedStates，openedintheyear1883.Thelengthofthebridgeis1,825meters.ThebridgehasbeenfeaturedinseveralHollywoodmovies.GeorgeWashingtonBridgeAlsoknownastheHudsonRiverBridge，theGeorgeWashingtonBridgewhichconnectsFortLeetoManhattancameintousein1931afteraconstructionperiodofalmost4years.Itisatwolevelsuspensionbridge.MackinacBridgeThisisthethirdbiggestsuspensionbridgeintheworldatalengthof8,038meters.ThearchitectofthisbridgewasDr.DavidB．Steinmanwhodirectedtheconstructionofthebridgewhichstartedintheyear1954andopenedtothepublicin1957.Peopleusingthisbridgearechargedacertainamountofmoney.NavajoBridgeLocatedinArizona，thisbridgecrossestheColoradoRiverandisalmost250meterslong.Theconstructionofthisbridgestartedintheyear1927，endingtwoyearslater，costing$390,000.Inthe1990sasecondbridgewasbuiltwhichwasopenedtothepublicin1995.Thefirstbridgeisstillusedbypedestriansnow.1．WhatdoweknowabouttheGoldenGateBridge?A．Itconsistsoftwobridges.B．Itcoststheleastofthefivebridges.C．Itisthelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworld.D．Ittakesabout4yearstocompletetheconstruction.2．Whichofthefollowingbridgeswasbuilttheearliest?A．GoldenGateBridge.9\nB．BrooklynBridge.C．GeorgeWashingtonBridge.D．NavajoBridge.3．WhatwillyoudoifyoudriveacrossMackinacBridge?A．Havetopaysomemoney.B．Usethesecondbridge.C．Covernearly250meters.D．SeethestatueofDr.DavidB．Steinman.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国五座著名的大桥。1．D　考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“theGoldenGateBridgestartedintheyear1933toconnecttheSanFranciscoPeninsulawithMarinCounty.Itwasfinallythrownopentopublicin1937”可推知，金门大桥的建筑时间约有四年，故D项正确。2．B　考查细节理解。由题干关键词“wasbuilttheearliest”定位到每座大桥的建筑时间；根据文中各座大桥的建筑时间可知，布鲁克林大桥是最古老的大桥，故B项正确。3．A　考查细节理解。根据第四段尾句“Peopleusingthisbridgearechargedacertainamountofmoney”可知，使用麦基诺大桥的人会被收取一定量的钱，故A项正确。二、单句语法填空1．ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartment________Ifirstcameacrossmynewneighbors.答案：that　本句是强调句。被强调部分是时间状语，故应填that。2．Lilycan'tfallasleep,extremely________(concern)abouttheresultofhermathstest.答案：concerned　短语beconcernedabout...“担忧，挂念……”，本句中逗号后没有连词，故逗号后的部分为状语，此处应用形容词短语作伴随状语。3．It'snopleasure________(go)campingonsuchafoggyday.答案：going　It'snopleasuredoingsth.“做某事没有乐趣”。4．Thelittleboyiscleverenoughtohavenotrouble________(find)hishousewithoutothers'help.答案：finding　havenotroubledoingsth.“做某事没困难”。5．Therewasno________(agree),andtheproposalwasaccepted.答案：disagreement　由形容词no可知，本空应填名词，再由后一分句“建议被接受了”可知，应填名词disagreement。6．Hehappened________(know)thesecret,soIneedn'ttellhim.9\n答案：tohaveknown　happentodosth.“碰巧做某事”，再由后一并列分句“没有必要告诉他”可知，前一分句谓语部分应用不定式的完成式。7．Hesethisalarmclockbeforegoingtobedinorder________(get)upearlierthanusualthenextmorning.答案：toget　inordertodosth.“为了做某事”。8．Severalweekshadgoneby________theyknewthepaintingwasmissing.答案：before　before引导的时间状语从句，表示“在……以前”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。9．While________(wait)forthebusbytheroadside,Ifoundawalletontheground.答案：waiting　时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，故从句中省略主语和be动词，填waiting。whilewaiting可看作是whileIwaswaiting的省略。10．Thewindowshaven'tbeencleanedforatleastayearandare________(dust)now.答案：dusty　dusty“脏的，布满尘土的”，是形容词，在此处作表语。三、完形填空。Ahomelessmanwalkeduptomeandaskedmeforsomesmallchange,“I’llgiveyouaquarterifyoutellmeyourstory,”Isaid.Helaughed,“You’llgivemeaquarterformystory?’Ilaidthe1infrontofhimand2myself—“No,here’sthequarterbutitwouldbenicetohearyourstory.”Seeinghimlostin3,Isatdownnexttohimandwaited.“Iwasonceasniper(狙击手)inthearmy.”hesaid.“Iwas4toshootdowntheenemyfromthedistance.”Ilistenedattentivelyashe5hisstory.Hetoldmehowhe6tohuntwithhisfamilyandwasreallygoodatit.Hehadhisown7torespectinganimalsbynotkillingmorethanbeneeded.Whenthearmycameknockingonhisdoor,hefelt8andjoinedup.Allthoseyearsofdevelopinghishuntingskillscouldnowservealarger9—todefendusfromthebadguys.Hesetoutto10atthefront.“IwasasniperbutIneverreallykilledanyone.”hecontinued.“Onedaytheyaskedmeto11aladyfromthedistance.Isawthekidsnearherandmyhandswereonthetrigger(扳机).ButI9\ncouldn’t12it.Shewasn’tdoinganythingtoanyoneandshewas13thekids—Icouldn’tseethroughmytears.Itjustdidn’tmakeany14tome.”Thestorywentonashedescribed15beingputintoprisonfor180daysfor16tofolloworders.“Ihaveno17,”hesaid.“Imaybehomelessnow,18Ineverkilledthatlady.”Hecontinued,“Icanlivewithbeinghomeless,butIwouldn’tbeabletostandkilling19people.”OnthatlonelyFridaynight,Imetahero.Itjustnever20tomethataherocouldbeasmellyoldsniper.语篇解读：本文介绍了一位曾在部队服役的狙击手的故事。狙击手在一次战斗中因为拒绝执行枪杀一位带着孩子的妇女的命令，被判处180天监禁。出狱后却找不到工作，沦为街头乞丐。但是他却一直不后悔自己的行为。他是一位真正的英雄。1.A.note      B.coin      C.dollar       D.wallet【答案】B2.A.blamed   B.recommended  C.corrected    D.rescued【答案】C【解析】A.blamed责备；B.recommend推荐；C.corrected改正，纠正；D.rescued营救，援救。此处指作者意识到自己做错了(指把钱放在那个无家可归的人的前面的地上)，就赶紧改正(从下文所说的话，作者是把钱递给了那个无家可归的人)。3.A.argument  B.action   C.consideration D.thought【答案】D【解析】A.argument争论；B.action行动；C.consideration考虑；D.thought想法。lostinthought“陷入沉思”。4.A.observed  B.supposed  C.reminded     D.determined【答案】B【解析】A.observed观察；B.supposed假定；C.reminded提醒，使想起；D.determined9\n决定。besupposedto应该，被期望。此处指“期望我能从远处开枪击倒敌人”。5.A.expandedon  B.checkedon  C.countedon    D.fixedon【答案】A【解析】A.expandedon详细阐述，进一步阐述；B.checkedon检查，调查；C.countedon指望，依靠，依赖；D.fixedon确定，决定。这儿是说“详细阐述他的故事，即展开他的故事”。6.A.desired   B.wished    C.failed       D.used【答案】D【解析】A.desired渴望；B.wished希望；C.failed失败；D.used使用。此处狙击手讲过去的事，usedto过去常常。7.A.methodB.meansC.wayD.approach【答案】D8.A.annoyed  B.honored    C.astonished  D.confused【答案】B【解析】A.annoyed烦恼的；B.honored光荣的；C.astonished吃惊的；D.confused困惑的。上文说“部队来征兵时(thearmycameknockingonhisdoor转义为部队来征兵)”，说明他想参军，感到参军很光荣，所以就入伍了。9.A.group   B.business  C.purpose      D.result【答案】C【解析】A.group组；B.business商业；C.purpose目的；D.result结果。此处指多年的军队练习使他能实现更大的目的，保护人民。10.A.serve    B.hunt      C.aim          D.survive【答案】A9\n【解析】A.serve服务；B.hunt打猎；C.aim目的在于；D.survive生存。此处指他去前线服役，为国服务。11.A.murder  B.fight     C.shoot         D.recognize【答案】C【解析】A.murder谋杀；B.fight打仗；C.shoot射杀；D.recognize认出。此处指：开枪射杀一位女士。12.A.remain  B.fire      C.make        D.decide【答案】C【解析】A.remain保持；B.fire点燃；C.makeit做成，成功；D.decide决定。此处指狙击手想到这位女士是无辜的，所以就没下手，没做成。故选C.13.A.besides  B.along     C.inside       D.among【答案】D【解析】A.besides除……外；B.along沿着；C.inside在……内；D.among在……中间。此处指这位女士在孩子们中间。14.A.use        B.reasonC.value        D.sense【答案】D【解析】makesense意为“有意义”、“意思清楚”、“有道理”。此处指“射杀那位女士对我来说没有任何意义”。15.A.gradually B.eventually C.deliberately D.desperately【答案】B【解析】A.gradually逐渐地；B.eventually最后；C.deliberately故意地；D.desperately拼命地。此处指最后他被判处180天监禁。16.A.managing B.failing   C.hesitating D.forgetting9\n【答案】B【解析】A.managing管理；B.failing失败(failtodosth.没有能够做某事)；C.hesitating犹豫；D.forgetting忘记。此处讲他被判处180天监禁的原因是他没有服从命令。17.A.ideas    B.attempts  C.regrets      D.feelings【答案】C18.A.however  B.ratherthan C.but          D.contraryto【答案】C【解析】A.however然而，B.ratherthan而不是；C.but但是；D.contraryto和……相反。前句为我现在无家可归，后句为我没杀害无辜者。上下文之间为转折关系，故but。however表示让步关系。19.A.considerableB.considerateC.innocentD.ignorant【答案】C【解析】A.considerable相当大(或多)的；B.considerate体贴的，体谅的，深思熟虑的；C.innocent无辜的；D.ignorant无知的。这里是说：我可以忍受无家可归，但我不能忍受杀害无辜者。20.A.happenedB.seemed    C.attached       D.occurred【答案】D【解析】occurtosb.某人……突然想到。这里是说：我从没想到一个又老又脏的狙击手竟然是个英雄。四、单句改错1．Hespokecalmtothemtryingtopouroilontroubledwatersbutitwasuseless.________________________________________________________答案：calm→calmly　副词calmly“镇静地”修饰动词短语spoketo。2．Therewasatimethatthetwocountrieswereatwar.9\n________________________________________________________答案：that→when　Therewasatimewhen...是固定结构，意为“曾经/一度/有一段时间……”。3．Exactspeaking,Idisagreewithyouonthismatter.________________________________________________________答案：Exact→Exactly　exactlyspeaking为固定搭配，意为“确切地说”。4．HesaidthathehadfalleninlovewithMaryfortwoyearsandwouldgetmarriedthenextyear.________________________________________________________答案：fallen→been　beinlovewith可与时间段连用，fallinlovewith表示瞬时动作，不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。5．Ihaveneverheardofthenamesyouaddeduptothelist.________________________________________________________答案：去掉up　addto“添加”，addupto“合计为”。根据句意去掉up。五、七选五HowtoBeMoreCreativeEveryDayCreativityisn’tsomethingyoueitherhaveordon’thave.Infact，itissomethinglikeplayingthesaxophone.1.___________Soreadontoknowhow.·Bemorecurious.It’simportanttoseekoutnewviewpointseveryday.2.___________　Toinvolvethisinyourdailylife，makesuretokeepanopenmindwhenyou’representedwithanidea，andbecuriousastowhatelseisaroundthecorner.·Giveyourselfspace.Lettingeverypieceofinformationintoyourbraindragsyoufrombeingcreative.Trytoapplyalevelofspaceintoyoureverydaylife.3.___________　Ithelpstoleadyourthinkingpatternsawayfrompotentialdistractions（使人分心的事物），leavingmuchroomtohavecreativeideas.·Trysomethingnew.Frequentthinkingpatterns，ineffect，causeyoutobemorelikelytothinkthesamethingsormakethesamedecisionsoverandoverunlessyougetoutofyourcomfortzone.4.___________　Thoughnotalwayseasy，itdoesopenupawholenewworldofthinking！·5.___________　9\nSocialmediahascreatedanenvironmentwherewe’reconstantlyshownwhetherwe’vesucceededintheformoflikesorcomments，whichleadsustodoubtourselves.However，creativityisajourney，andyou’relearningeverystepoftheway.Honestly，you’lllearnmuchmorefromthatthanastraightwinanyway.Sobeconfidentandtellyourselfyouhavealreadydonewellenough.A.Learnfromfailure.B.Remindyourselfyou’regoodenough.C.The8p.m.－8a.m.phonebanisagreatwaytobegin.D.Gettingphysicalreallyhelpstosortoutyourbrainspace.E.Butit’snoteasytofeelorbeautomaticallycreativeeither.F.Thusyoucanthinkandapproachthingsfromanotherangle.G.Usingyourskillsinadifferentareaisagreatwaytothinkoutsidethebox.【解题导语】　本文介绍了几种如何使自己变得更有创造力的方法。1.E　解析：上文提到它有点像吹奏萨克斯，设空处应该介绍如何像萨克斯，主语应该与上文一致，但意义上转折，以便引出下文的建议。故选E项。2.F　解析：本段主题是更好奇。设空前提到每天寻找新的观点很重要，F项（这样你可以从不同的角度思考和处理问题）与上文一致，也与下文的tokeepanopenmind相照应。故选F项。3.C　解析：本段主题是给自己空间。本段第一句提到进入大脑的每一条信息都会阻碍你的创造性，并建议每天给自己留一定空间。空格后提出，这有助于让你的思维模式远离潜在的干扰，给创造性的思维留下更多的空间。C项（晚8点到早8点的手机禁令就是一个好的开始方式）符合上下文语境。故选C项。4.G　解析：本段主题是尝试新事物。G项（在不同的领域使用你的技能是跳出框架思考的一个好方法）与主题一致。故选G项。5.B　解析：本题考查段落主题。本段第一句提出在社交媒体上，我们成功与否常常会以喜欢或评论的方式呈现出来，这让我们总是怀疑自己。其中的关键词doubt表明一种不自信，再结合最后一句可知，本段的主题是要让自己自信。故选B项。9