2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit1GreatScientists含解析新人教版必修5

GreatScientists李仕才一、阅读理解。Discoveringthebeautyofthescienceandmaththatshapeoureverydaylives，anexperienceinWonderLabwillfuelyourimaginationandinspireyoutoseetheworldaroundyouinnewandexcitingways.Comeandenjoyyourself!WhattoseeSpreadacrosssevendifferentzones，there'reloadsofopportunitiestogethandsonwithrealscientificphenomena.ObserveliveexperimentsatourChemistryBar，seelightningstrikebeforeyoureyes，playwithforcesongiantslidesortravelthroughspaceunderacanopy(苍穹)ofstars.Youcanalsotakepartinexplosivesciencedemonstrationsledbyourtalentedteamofexplainers.With50mindblowingwondersofsciencetoenjoy，WonderLabisanexperienceunlikeanyother.Besides，aselectionofshowswillbeperformeddailyinWonderLab'sbeautifulnewshowspace.Theyarefreeofchargeandlast20minutes.Tickets●Daypass：￡6perperson.ThisticketgivesyoudaylongaccesstoWonderLab，perfectwhetheryou'replanningaspecialtriptotheMuseumorsimplypassingthroughLondonandwanttofeedyourcuriosity.●Annualpass：￡10perperson.Forlessthanthepriceoftwovisits，giveyourselfayearpackedfullofwonder，curiosityandbreathtakingexperiences.OpeningtimesOpensevendaysaweek,10：00－18：00(lastentry17：15)．WonderLabwillbeclosedonDecember24,25and26andwillbeopenasusualfromDecember27.Duringschoolholidaysouropeninghoursare10：00－19：00(lastentry18：15)．Pleasenotethatinpeakperiods(frommiddayonwards)weareexperiencinglongqueuesduetothegallery'spopularity.1．WhatcanyoudoinWonderLab?A．Explorestars.B．Producelighting.C．Joininexplosionshows.D．Dochemistryexperiments.11\n2．HowmuchshouldtwovisitorspayiftheyvisitWonderLabandenjoytheshowsforoneday?A．￡12.　B．￡20.C．￡32.D．￡40.3．WhencanyouenterWonderLab?A．9：30onDecember23.B．18：30onschoolholidays.C．11：00onChristmas.D．10：30onDecember28.4．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．TointroduceWonderLab.B．ToattractpeopletoWonderLab.C．ToexplainhowWonderLabworks.D．ToanalyzewhyWonderLabisattractive.体裁：应用文　题材：新闻广告　主题：科技展【解题导语】文章介绍了WonderLab的活动、票价及时间安排等信息，吸引大家前去参观游玩。1．C　细节理解题。依据Whattosee小标题下的Youcanalsotakepartinexplosivesciencedemonstrationsledbyourtalentedteamofexplainers.可知，你可以参加爆炸演示。故选C项。2．A　推理判断题。从题干可知两位游客适合买第一种票，依据Daypass：￡6perperson.可知，两位游客游览一天需要的门票费用为12英镑。故选A项。3．D　细节理解题。依据Openingtimes小标题下的Opensevendaysaweek,10：00－18：00(lastentry17：15)．WonderLabwillbeclosedonDecember24,25and26andwillbeopenasusualfromDecember27.以及Duringschoolholidaysouropeninghoursare10：00－19：00(lastentry18：15)．可知，平时的开放时间是10点到18点，圣诞节期间闭馆，在学校假期的开放时间是10点到19点，最后准许进入的时间是18：15，只有D项符合。4．B　推理判断题。文章介绍了WonderLab的活动、票价及时间安排等信息，再根据第一段末尾Comeandenjoyyourself！可知，本文的写作目的是吸引人们参观WonderLab。故选B项。二、单句语法填空1．Onlywhenhearrived________themeetingbegin.答案：did　“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语从句when11\nhearrived可知，应用一般过去时，故填did。2．NeitherInorJohn________(be)tiredofthespeech.Itisinteresting.答案：is　neither...nor...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则，故填is。3．________(absorb)inwritingaletter,hedidn'tevenlookupwhenIcamein.答案：Absorbed　beabsorbedin...“全神贯注于……”，此处为分词作状语，故填Absorbed。4．Thatyou________(expose)tothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.答案：areexposed　beexposedto...“暴露于……；接触……”。5．Thereisnosensein________(worry)aboutthefuture.答案：worrying　Thereisnosensein(doing)sth.“(做)某事是没有意义的”。6．While________(attend)tothecentraltask,weshouldunfoldtheworkinotherfields.答案：attending　attendto“处理；照料”，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，补充完整为：Whileweareattendingto...，故填attending。7．Thebankmanagerwasreally________(blame),thoughhetriedtoputitonaclerk.答案：toblame　betoblame“应受责备；应承担责任”，为主动形式表示被动意义。8．MrReedmadeuphismindtocontributeallhehadto________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.答案：setting　contribute...to...“为……奉献……”，其中to为介词，其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式，故填setting。9．Myparentstendtoacceptanyidea________(put)forwardbyexpertsonTV.答案：put　putforward“提出”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词idea。10．Irecognizedhervoice________momentIpickedupthereceiver.答案：the　themoment“一……就……”。三、完形填空。Manypeopleareconstantlywaitingfortheirlifetostart.“WhenI’molderI’ll11\ndothis.”and“InafewyearsI’lldothat.”Theythinkthelifetheyare___1___isboringandmeaningless.Whohasneverviewedhimselforherself___2___worthlessandunattractive?Inothers’eyes,youarealways“thefunnyone”andbecomeloudandoverconfidenttomaskwhatyouareactuallyfeeling,___3___fewpeopleknowaboutthewayyoufeel.Allofusmay___4___fromdepressionandfrustration,loseguidanceandsupport,andthusneed___5___physically,orspiritually.Justthinklikethisway:___6___feelingsIamfeelingwilleventuallygoaway.Ineedtostopfeelingsosorryformyselfandactuallywantto___7___.Iama(n)___8___luckypersonwhohascomefromafamilywherethereisfullofloveandsupport.Ihavetobetheonetomakethe___9___tochangemywayofthinking.Allthegoodthingsandallthewonderfulpeopleinmylifewouldpasseventuallytoo.___10___Iamfeelingmiserable,mylifeisstillgoingonandIammissingouton___11___thosepreciousmoments.Weallhaveterriblethingswhichhappentousandwill___12___eachofusdifferently.Themostimportantthingtorememberisthatour___13___aren’twhatdefineus.Whatdefinesusishowwe___14___whathashappenedtousandhowwechangethewaywethinkaboutit.Wecaneitherletitbecomeusorwecanuseournewlyfound___15___tochangealittlebitoftheworldaroundusall.There’ssomethingmuchbiggerthanusandourproblems.Itisalways___16___torememberthatthereisalwayssomeonewhoisina___17___muchworsethanourown.Nevertheless,Iamwellonthe___18___tobecomingthepersonIwanttobeandIhavegoalsandexpectationsofmyself.Iamnow___19___thatmylifehasstarted.Itstartedyearsagoandit’snot___20___overyet.It’shappeningrightnow.Yoursistoo.11\n语篇解读：很多人都在等待最好的生活，其实最好的生活就在当下。1.A.opposingB.predictingC.experiencingD.expecting【答案】C【解析】根据第一段第一句“很多人都在等待自己生命的新起点”可知，他们觉得现在的生活很乏味无趣的。experience经历，符合语境。oppose反对；predict预言，预料；expect预料，期望。故选C项。2.A.ofB.asC.forD.with【答案】B【解析】view...as...把……看作……，为固定搭配。故选B项。谁没有把自己看成是毫无价值、毫不吸引人的人呢?3.A.thoughB.orC.soD.but【答案】D【解析】设空前的“Inothers’eyes,youarealways‘thefunnyone’andbecomeloudandoverconfidenttomaskwhatyouareactuallyfeeling”(在别人的眼中，你可能是一个“很有趣的人”。你用大声喧嚣和过于自信来掩盖自己真正的想法)和该空后的“fewpeopleknowaboutthewayyoufeel”(很少有人看透你)之间是转折关系。而though表示的是让步关系。故选D项。4.A.sufferB.ariseC.differD.result【答案】A【解析】根据设空后的“fromdepressionandfrustration,loseguidanceandsupport”可知选suffer。sufferfrom意为“遭受”，其后常接表示疾病、自然灾害的词，或接loneliness，overpopulation等词。arisefrom由……引起；differfrom与……不同；resultfrom由……造成。故选A项。我们所有人都会经历11\n挫折和沮丧，失去指引和支持，无论物质、情感还是精神上都急切需要治愈。5.A.growthB.serviceC.aidD.sacrifice【答案】C【解析】根据上文中的“Allofusmay___4___fromdepressionandfrustration,loseguidanceandsupport”可知，下文是说我们都需要身体上或精神上的帮助。growth增长，成长；service服务；aid援助，帮助；sacrifice牺牲。故选C项。6.A.pleasantB.horribleC.sensitiveD.casual【答案】B【解析】根据第八段第一句“Allthegoodthingsandallthewonderfulpeopleinmylifewouldpasseventuallytoo.”可知，设空处所在句与该句形成对比，因此该处表示“糟糕的感觉最终会烟消云散的”。pleasant令人愉快的；horrible糟糕的，可怕的；sensitive敏感的；casual满不在乎的。故选B项。7.A.relaxB.moveC.rejectD.change【答案】D【解析】根据空前的“Ineedtostopfeelingsosorryformyself”(我需要停止顾影自怜)可知，下文应是作出“改变”。relax放松；move移动，搬动；reject拒绝；change改变。故选D项。不应再自怨自艾，而要切切实实地谋求改变。8.A.incrediblyB.eventuallyC.merelyD.skeptically【答案】A【解析】incredibly难以置信地，很，极为，非常；eventually最后，终于；merely仅仅，只不过；skeptically怀疑地。句意：我是个非常幸运的人，来自于一个充满爱和支持的家庭。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是family，且从句中缺少状语，故用where引导。故选A项。11\n9.A.mistakeB.differenceC.decisionD.comment【答案】C【解析】根据设空后的“tochangemywayofthinking”可知，此处应是“决定改变我的思考方式”，makethedecision作决定，符合语境。makeamistake犯错误；makea/thedifference起作用，有影响；makeacomment作出评论。故选C项。10.A.BecauseB.WhileC.UnlessD.When【答案】B【解析】句意为：尽管我现在感觉很痛苦，但生活还是要继续，我会错过欣赏这些宝贵时刻的机会。“Iamfeelingmiserable”与“mylifeisstillgoingon”之间是让步关系，while意为“尽管”，表让步，符合语境。故选B项。11.A.calculatingB.imaginingC.forgettingD.appreciating【答案】D【解析】句意见上题。根据设空后的“preciousmoments”(宝贵时刻)可知，应是“欣赏，赞美”。calculate计算，预估；imagine想象；forget忘记；appreciate欣赏。故选D项。尽管自己沉溺于痛苦之中，而生命的时间漏斗仍不停流转，那你将错过那些值得赞美的珍贵时刻。12.A.attractB.treatC.affectD.benefit【答案】C【解析】句意为：我们都会遇到一些不幸的事，它们会对我们产生不一样的影响。根据常识可知，发生在我们身上的事总是影响到我们。attract吸引；treat对待；affect影响；benefit有益于。故选C项。13.A.charactersB.problemsC.advantagesD.experiences【答案】B【解析】character个性，性格，角色；problem问题；advantage优点；experience11\n经历。故选B项。根据倒数第三段第一句“There’ssomethingmuchbiggerthanusandourproblems.”也可推出此处选problems。14.A.careaboutB.makeupC.dealwithD.answerfor【答案】C【解析】重要的是，你要记住，我们遇到的问题不能定义我们的本质。能定义我们的，是我们处理问题的方法，以及我们对待问题的态度转变。careabout关心，在意；makeup形成，构成，编造，化妆；dealwith处理；answerfor负责。故选C项。15.A.wisdomB.energyC.chanceD.patience【答案】A【解析】根据设空前的newlyfound及空后的“tochangealittlebitoftheworldaroundusall”可知，改变世界应该用“智慧”。wisdom智慧；energy能量；chance机会，机遇；patience耐心。故选A项。我们或许放任自流，又或许利用我们发现的新智慧改变我们周边发生的事情。16.A.difficultB.obviousC.typicalD.important【答案】D【解析】根据前一句“There’ssomethingmuchbiggerthanusandourproblems.”可知，记得总有人的处境比我们的更糟糕，这是很重要的(important)。故选D项。17.A.gameB.relationC.positionD.distance【答案】C【解析】根据语境可知，此处指有些人的处境比我们的更糟糕。position位置；game游戏；relation关系；distance距离。故选C项。比我们自身和我们所遇到的问题还重要的事情大有所在。切勿忘记总有人的处境比我们的更糟糕。11\n18.A.turnB.wayC.cornerD.direction【答案】B【解析】onthewayto...意为“在去……的路上”，符合句意。turn转变；corner拐角处；direction方向。故选B项。19.A.awareB.surprisedC.afraidD.worried【答案】A【解析】根据最后一段可知，“我”现在意识到我的生活已经发生了改变。aware意识到的，明白的；surprised惊讶的；afraid害怕的；worried担忧的。故选A项。然而，我们有自己的目标和期待，并在自己选择的人生道路上很好的前进着。我们必须从现在起意识到属于自己的人生其实已经开始。20.A.evenB.nearlyC.onlyD.much【答案】B【解析】我的人生在好久之前已经开始了，而且还没结束。现在还是进行时。你的也一样。notnearly意为“远非，绝不是”，符合语境。故选B项。四、单句改错1．Althoughdefeatinginthematch,wedidn'tloseheart._____________________________________________________答案：defeating→defeated　此处表示在比赛中被打败，故应用过去分词表被动。2．WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundmyfathersittinginhischair,completelyabsorbinginthenewspaper._____________________________________________________答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be)absorbedin“全神贯注于……”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。3．Itmakesasensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol._____________________________________________________11\n答案：去掉a　makesensetodosth.“做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，为固定用法，故去掉a。4．Neithertheteachernorthestudentsiscontentwiththeresult._____________________________________________________答案：is→are　neither...nor...连接两主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。5．Theplanwasputforwardatyesterday'smeeting,inmyopinion,isquitepractical._____________________________________________________答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　该句中已有谓语动词is,故putforwardatyesterday'smeeting为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰作主语的名词plan；也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan，因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，所以在was前加which/that。五、七选五Thinkaboutwhatyou'velearnedfromaparticularrumorexperience，andletithelpyoumakesureitneverhappensagain.Hereareafewtipsthatwillhelpyou.1Themoreprivateinformationthatyoumakepublic，themoreammunition(把柄)rumorswillhave，sobecarefulwhoyouconfidein(向……吐露).Trytounderstandwhereit'scomingfrom，andwhy.Istherumormeanttohurtyou，orisitjustacaseofmisinformationorexaggeration？It'simportanttogetthisinformationbeforeyoureacttotherumor.2Resisttheurgetodishitout.Haveyouheardthesaying“Someonecandishitout，butheorshecan'ttakeit”？3Ifyouspreadgossipandrumorsaboutothers，youmightbecomeapersonwhodeservesatasteofhisorherownmedicine.Resisttheurgetotakerevenge.Ifyou'vebeenthevictimofgossipandrumorsandyouknowwhostartedspreadingthem，youmightwanttogo“aneyeforaneye”．4Andtakingrevengeinthiswaymightmakeyoufeelgoodforashorttime.Butintheend，itwilljustkeepthecycleofrumorsgoing.511\nA．Becautiousaboutmakingfriends.B．Becarefulaboutyourprivateinformation.C．Trytopersuademorepeopletobeonyourside.D．Soifyoucan，figureouthowtherumoroccurs.E．Inotherwords，don'tbethepersontospreadrumors.F．It'stendingtomakeupliesorexposeinformationthathurtsothers.G．Andmakeyouasmuchofabully(恃强凌弱者)asanyotherrumorstarter.【语篇解读】　本文为说明文。讲述的是如何正确应对谣言。1．B　[根据下文的“Themoreprivateinformationthatyoumakepublic，themoreammunition(把柄)rumorswillhave，sobecarefulwhoyouconfidein(向……吐露)．”可知，本段主要讲的是“对你自己的隐私要小心谨慎”，故选B项。B项中的“privateinformation”也与文中的“privateinformation”相匹配。]2．D　[根据本段的小标题“Trytounderstandwhereit'scomingfrom，andwhy.”及空前的内容可知，对谣言作出反应前，弄清楚谣言很重要。所以如果你能的话，要弄清楚谣言的来源和起因，故D项符合语境。]3．E　[根据本段的小标题“Resisttheurgetodishitout.”及空处上下文的内容可知，空处讲的应是不要散播谣言相关的内容，故E项符合语境。]4．F　[根据下文的“takingrevengeinthisway”可知，空处的内容应是报复的方法，故F项符合语境。]5．G　[根据上文的内容可知，如果以散布谣言的方式报复别人的话，你可能会在短期内感觉良好，但是最后，这只会使得谣言继续被散布，故G项承接上文，进一步说明了这种报复方式的消极后果。]11