2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit4Makingthenews含解析新人教版必修5

Makingthenews李仕才一、阅读理解。Duringthelastdecadethenumberofpeoplelivingpast100hasincreasedby71percent.Whileoneexpertbelievedthisfigurewillcontinuetorise,hestatedthatanyonehopingtolivefordoubleortriple(三倍)thistimewillbedisappointed.Speakingataconference,ColinBlakemore,70,aBritishscientist,claimedthereisaceilingonhowlonghumanscanlive,andsixscoreyears“mightbearealabsolutelimittohumanlifespan.”Agroupofscientistsdiscussedthefutureofmedicine,globalhealthconcernsandlifeexpectancy.Itagreedthatmedicineswillhavealimitedimpactonextendinghumanlife,anditwasmoreimportanttoimprovethehealthandqualityoflifeforolderpeople,ratherthanprolongingit.Thegroupalsostateditwasimportanttoimprovethelifeexpectancyinpoorerareaswherepeopletypicallydiemuchyoungerthanotherareas.The2022GlobalAgeWatchIndex(全球年龄指数),whichranks96nationsonthequalityoflifefortheelderly,recentlystatedthatby2050,thenumberofover60swillbe21percentoftheglobalpopulation.Thisisalmostdoublethecurrentfigureof12percent.Thepercentageofover80sisgrowingfastest,too—expectedtorisefrom2percentnowto4percentoftheglobalpopulationby2050.Whileitcouldtakeyearsofresearchtoextendhumans’lives,thestudyraisesthepossibilityofanti-ageingtreatmentsinanewway,accordingtoDrKapahi.Theresearch,reportedinthejournalCellReports,mayexplainwhyithasprovedsodifficulttoidentifysinglegenes(基因)responsibleforthelonglivesenjoyedbyhumans.“It’squiteprobablethatinteractionsbetweengenesarecriticalinthosefortunateenoughtoliveverylong,healthylives,”saidDrKapahi.Futureresearchisexpectedtousemicetoseeifthesameeffectsoccurinmammals.【文章大意】在过去十年里,寿命达到100岁以上的老人的数量激增了71%。但是英国科学家柯林·布雷克莫尔提出,人类的寿命是有上限的,而120岁很可能就是这个上限。1.HowmanyyearscanmanliveaccordingtoColinBlakemore?7\nA.120years.　　　B.200years.C.130years.　D.150years.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章首段末句中的“sixscoreyears‘mightbearealabsolutelimittohumanlifespan’”可知ColinBlakemore认为人的寿命是有上限的,而120岁很可能就是这个上限,故选A。2.Theunderlinedword“prolonging”inParagraph2probablymeans________.A.limit　　　B.enjoyC.shorten　　D.lengthen【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据前半句内容可知人们都认为药物对延长人类寿命的影响是有限的,对于老年人来说,与其延长寿命,不如改善健康情况,提升生活质量。句中的extendinghumanlife是信息词,故选D。3.Accordingtothepassage,wecanknow________.A.by2050,thenumberofover80swillrisebyfourpercentB.peoplecandependonmedicineforlonglifeinthefutureC.scientistswillusemicetodofurtherresearchD.theresearchwascarriedoutbythejournalCellReports【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章末段中的“Futureresearchisexpectedtousemicetoseeifthesameeffectsoccurinmammals.”可知研究人员将用老鼠来进行进一步的研究,故选C。4.Wherecanyoufindthispassage?A.Atraveljournal.　B.Asciencefiction.C.Ahealthreport.D.Aneconomicreport.【解析】选C。推理判断题。文章介绍了科学家的最新研究——人类寿命的上限是120岁,这属于人类生命健康话题,故选C。二、单句语法填空1．Wemustconcentrateourefforton________(find)waystoreducecosts.答案：finding　concentrateone'sefforton...“集中精力……”，on为介词，故填动名词finding。2．Theystudyhard________(acquire)agoodknowledgeofEnglish.答案：toacquire　此处不定式在句中作目的状语。7\n3．I'llkeepyou________(inform)oftheprogressmadeatanytime.答案：informed　keepsb.informedofsth.“通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。4．Itisdifficult________(assess)theeffectsofthesechanges.答案：toassess　Itis＋adj.＋todosth.“做某事是……的”。5．Youcanneverdependonit________hecanarriveontime.答案：that　dependonitthat“指望/相信……”。6．—Areyou________(accuse)meoflyingtotheheadmaster?—I'msureyoudid.答案：accusing　accusesb.of(doing)sth.“指责/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑问句，谓语动词用了现在进行时。7．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto________(receive)intimeforChristmas.答案：bereceived　soastodo...“为了做……”，gifts与receive之间为被动关系，故应填bereceived。8．Therearecases________thisruledoesnotwork.答案：where　若定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词case,stage,point,position,condition等时，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导定语从句。9．Helefttheclassroomwithoutthe________(approve)oftheteacher.答案：approval　由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，设空处应填名词形式，即approval。10．Peopledemandedthattheinjured________(take)tohospitalatonce.答案：(should)betaken　demand意为“要求”，后跟宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。主语theinjured与动词take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。三、完形填空。IstartedservingthehomelesswhenIwaseightyearsold.Ididn'tknowthesepeoplewouldmakesuchabigdifferenceinmy__1__.TwiceamonthIgotothechurchandhelpgetthingsreadyfor__2__.Whenthegateisopened,peoplecomein__3__togetdrinks.Theytaketheirseatswhilebreakfastis__4__，andthenwebeginto__5__.Weeachtaketwoplatesandcarrythem__6__thelineastheplatesare__7__.Eachpersonreceivesseveralkindsoffoods.Iwalktothetablesand__8__theplatesbeforethem.AfterI'veservedthem,Iaskiftheyneed__9__elseandbringthemwhatevertheyaskfor.7\nWhenIfirststartedserving,Iwasalittle__10__.AtfirstIstayedclosetomymommostofthetime,butafterIgottoknowthesestrangers,I__11__thattheywerefriendlypeople.Andthe__12__ofthemwasoftennicerthantheoutside.Irealizedthattherewasno__13__tobescared.Afterservingforafewmonths,Istartedto__14__seeingthesamepeopleeachweek.Allofthesepeoplemakemydaymuch__15__.Thepasttwoyearshavemadeabig__16__inmylife.Idothis__17__itistherightthingtodo.WhenIservepeople,Iwantthemtoknowthatsomeone__18__themandthattheymatter.Servingmakesmehappy,butevenmore__19__，itteachesmetoloveand__20__othersandhelpsmaketheworldabetterplace.【解题导浯】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”通过自己八岁跟随妈妈到教堂做慈善活动的亲身经历，感悟到了人生的意义。1.A．studyB．workC．familyD．life答案与解析：D'考查名词。首先空处所在句是全文的主旨句，又根据文章最后一段第二句“Thepasttwoyearshavemadeabig__16__inmylife”可知，这些人对“我”的人生(life)产生了巨大的影响。故选D项。2.A．breakfastB．brunchC．lunchD．dinner答案与解析：A'考查名词。根据4空所在句可知，此处应该是为早餐(breakfast)做准备工作。故选A项。3.A．secretlyB．quicklyC．slowlyD．separately答案与解析：B　考查副词。根据生活常识可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)进教堂来取饮料。故选B项。4.A．orderedB．enjoyedC．preparedD．tasted答案与解析：C　考查动词。根据空处所在句句意可知，我们准备早饭时，他们坐下来。故选C项。5.A．eatB．serveC．leaveD．try答案与解析：B　考查动词。根据第一段的“Istartedservingthehomeless”可知，我们侍候无家可归者，为他们提供饭菜。故选B项。6.A．beforeB．beyond7\nC．aboveD．along答案与解析：D'考查介词。此处表示：我们每个人拿两个盘子，沿着座位给他们端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范围”；above“在……上方”；along“沿着……旁边”。故选D项。7.A．emptiedB．washedC．filledD．dried答案与解析：C'考查动词。根据句意可知，当盘子被盛满(filled)食物的时候我们才把盘子端给无家可归者。故选C项。8.A．makeB．setC．fixD．show答案与解析：B'考查动词。根据空前的“Iwalktothetables”可知，“我”应该是把盘子放置(set)在他们的餐桌上。故选B项。9.A．nothingB．everythingC．whatD．anything答案与解析：D'考查不定代词。根据空处所在句句意可知，“我”询问他们是否还有其他需要。故选D项。10.A．surprisedB．embarrassedC．scaredD．puzzled答案与解析：C'考查形容词。根据上下文可知，刚开始时“我”有点害怕(scared)。下文的“tobescared”也是提示。11.A．realizedB．admittedC．claimedD．swore答案与解析：A'考查动词。根据语境可知，随着“我”对这些人的深入了解，“我”意识到他们是友善的。realize“意识到”；admit“承认”；claim“声称”；swear“发誓”。故选A项。12.A．pastB．insideC．surfaceD．front答案与解析：B'考查名词。根据空后的“nicerthantheoutside”可知，空处应用outside的反义词inside。故选B项。13.A．wayB．doubtC．reasonD．wonder答案与解析：C'考查名词。根据语境可知，这些人都很友好，“我”没有理由(reason)感到害怕。故选C项。14.A．gettiredofB．takechargeof7\nC．getdowntoD．lookforwardto答案与解析：D'考查动词短语。根据上文“我”情感的变化可知，做了几个月后，“我”每周都期待(lookforwardto)与这些人见面。gettiredof“对……厌倦，厌烦”；takechargeof“负责”；getdownto“着手”。故选D项。15.A．betterB．furtherC．busierD．easier答案与解析：A'考查形容词。根据上文“我”每周期待与这些人见面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他们变得更好(better)。故选A项。16.A．successB．differenceC．profitD．fortune答案与解析：B'考查名词。此句与文章第一段第二句中的“makesuchabigdifference”呼应，故选B项。17.A．becauseB．ifC．onceD．though答案与解析：A'考查连词。根据上下文逻辑关系可知，空处前后有因果关系。故选A项。18.A．reliesonB．goesafterC．caresaboutD．looksfor答案与解析：C'考查动词短语。careabout“在乎，关心”；relyon“依靠，依赖”；goafter“追求，追逐”；lookfor“寻找”。此处表示“我想让他们知道有人关心他们并且他们很重要”。故选C项。19.A．necessarilyB．interestinglyC．honestlyD．importantly答案与解析：D'考查副词。importantly“重要地”，necessarily“必要地”，interestingly“有趣地”，honestly“诚实地”。根据空前的“Servingmakesmehappy，butevenmore”可知，importantly更符合语境，故选D项。20.A．respectB．forgiveC．inspireD．protect答案与解析：A'考查动词。forgive“原谅”，inspire“激励”，protect“保护”。由语境可知，只有respect符合，故选A项。四、单句改错1．You'llbefacedwithtwochoices—whethertobefiredornot,dependonyourperformanceinthework.______________________________________________________7\n答案：depend→depending　句中已有谓语动词befacedwith且无连词，故depend应用非谓语动词形式。dependingon...现在分词短语在句中作状语。2．Wehadathoroughlycleaningofourhouseattheweekend.______________________________________________________答案：thoroughly→thorough　此处需用形容词thorough来修饰动名词cleaning，故改为thorough。3．Itisdemandedthatadoctormustbesentfor.______________________________________________________答案：must→should或去掉must　demand后跟宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。4．Theyarealleagertothechancetobethetoponesintheworldcompetitionasathletes.______________________________________________________答案：第一个to→for　beeagerforsth.“渴望(得到)某物”。5．You'dbetterputonathicksweaterincaseofitsnows.______________________________________________________答案：去掉of　incaseofsth.“如果；假使”；incase＋从句“万一/以防……；如果/假使……”。根据从句“itsnows”可知应用incase，故去掉of。7