2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit5FirstAid含解析新人教版必修5

Unit5FirstAid李仕才一、阅读理解。Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures，”commentedtheleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingaphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs，forexample，haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork，theauthorssay，isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland，whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject，saidinastatement，“Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers，buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybecomingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytoreevaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensioninwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisaconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.1．Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?A．Paceoflifeofanimals.B．Timeperceptionofanimals.C．Lifetimeofsmallanimals.D．Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.2．WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2?A．Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.7\nB．Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.C．Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.D．Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.3．Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A．Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B．Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.C．Theycanprocessinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.D．Theycansendinformationtothebrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。1．B　考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，“Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。2．B　考查细节理解。根据第二段KevinHealy所说的话“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures”可知，KevinHealy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。3．C　考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。二、单句语法填空1．Itisvitalthattheseforms________(send)backasearlyaspossible.答案：(should)besent　Itisvitalthat...“……是十分重要的”。其中that从句谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。2．________theaidofourprofessor,wefinishedtheexperimentsuccessfully.答案：With　withtheaid/helpof...“在……的帮助下”。3．You'dbetterputthingsback________place.Otherwise,itwillbedifficult7\ntofindthem.答案：in　inplace“在适当的位置”。4．We________(watch)TVwhentherewasapowerfailure.答案：werewatching　bedoing...when...“正在做……这时……”，再由“therewas...”可知应用过去进行时，故填werewatching。5．Thenewtechnology,if________(apply)toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.答案：applied　从句为状语从句的省略形式。Thenewtechnology与apply之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。6．Menandwomenshould________(treat)equallyineducationandemployment.答案：betreated　treat和Menandwomen在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。7．Hisheadhadstruckthewalland________(bleed)．答案：wasbleeding　此处表示头部正在流血，前一分句用了过去完成时，故此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在持续的状态。8．Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyfor________(variety)reasons.答案：various　修饰名词reasons应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”，故填various。9．Televisionviolence________(poison)themindsofyoungpeople.答案：ispoisoning　表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。10．Dozensofpeoplegot________(injury)andmanyvehiclesweresetonfire.答案：injured　getinjured“受伤”。三、完形填空。Twoyearsago,Dubuque,Iowa,starteditsfirstannual“BacktoSchoolBash”program.Itofferedneedyfamiliesanopportunitytolearnaboutfree__1__inthecommunity.Holmesdecidedto__2__byprovidinghelptokids.Hewas__3__twojobsatthetime,oneofwhichwasworkingasabarber.Saturdaywashis__4__day,buthechoseto__5__histimeandgavefreehaircutstolowerclasskidsonconditionthatthekidsshould__6__theirfreehaircutsbyhavingtoreadabooktohim.Theideawasso__7__thathecontinueditforthenexttwoyears.Manykidswould__8__afavoritebook,settleintothebarberchair,andreadaloud__9__Holmeswasdoingtheirhair.Afterthehaircuts,they'dreviewthebook,fromthe7\n__10__andvocabularytothethemes—justlikeinschool,onlymorefun.Holmes,whoismarried__11__twosons,recognizesthatnoteveryparenthasthetimeto__12__withtheirkids.Sohehopestooffersome__13__inthisway.Andheadmitshe,__14__,benefitsfromdoingthat.Therewasasevenyearoldkidwho__15__stuttered(结巴)overwordswhilereading.Hehadtheboytakethebookhomeand__16__.Whenthechildcamebackafewdayslater,hereaditwithnoproblems.That__17__Holmestodomore.HolmesandhisfamilyhaverecentlymovedtoaChicagosuburb.Whentheyget__18__，heplanstorestarthis__19__astheStorybookBarber.“Today'sworldisfullofgunsandviolence，”hesays.“Thebarbershopisa__20__placeforthekidstocomeandreadbooks.”【文章大意】　本文主要分享了Holmes做公益的故事。1．A.materialsB．resourcesC．methodsD．connections答案与解析：B'根据上下文可知，社区给孩子们提供学习的免费资源。material“材料”；resource“资源”；method“方法”；connection“连接”。2．A.participateB．performC．developD．withdraw答案与解析：A'根据下文的“byprovidinghelptokids”可推知，Holmes决定参与这项活动。3．A.facedwithB．caughtinC．presentedwithD．engagedin答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，Holmes同时从事了两份工作。befacedwith“面临”；becaughtin“处于困境”；presentwith“把……交给”；beengagedin“从事于”。4．A.happiestB．worstC．busiestD．best答案与解析：C'根据上文的“asabarber”和空前的“Saturday”可推知，Holmes周六最忙。5．A.spendB．wasteC．saveD．donate答案与解析：D'根据空后的“gavefreehaircuts”可知，Holmes把自己的时间捐献出来，免费给贫穷人家的孩子理发。donate“捐献”。6．A.receiveB．earnC．demandD．request7\n答案与解析：B'根据下文“theirfreehaircuts”的提示可推知，孩子们要通过读书才能挣得免费理发的权利，故选B，earn“挣得”。7．A.popularB．ordinaryC．complexD．rigid答案与解析：A'根据下文的“hecontinueditforthenexttwoyears”可推知，这项活动很受欢迎，因此Holmes在接下来的两年也坚持了下来。popular“受欢迎的”；ordinary“普通的”；complex“复杂的”；rigid“死板的”。8．A.putawayB．takeoverC．pickupD．giveout答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，许多孩子会拿起书，坐在理发椅上，开始大声朗读。9．A.beforeB．afterC．whileD．until答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，孩子们读书是在Holmes理发期间。while“在……期间”。10．A.kidsB．heroinesC．barbersD．characters答案与解析：D'根据语境“they'dreviewthebook”和“andvocabulary”可推知，孩子们回顾书中的角色和词汇。character“角色”。11．A.withB．toC．forD．about答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，此处表示Holmes有两个儿子。with表示“有”的含义。12.A．stayB．readC．talkD．learn答案与解析：B'根据上文的“readabooktohim”及“readaloud”可知，此处表示并不是每个父母都有时间陪孩子一起读书的。13．A.guidanceB．judgmentC．assistanceD．insurance答案与解析：C'根据上文的“Holmesdecidedto__2__byprovidinghelptokids”可知，Holmes希望通过这种方式来提供一些帮助。assistance“帮助”。14．A.againB．stillC．thenD．too答案与解析：D'根据语境可知，Holmes在帮助他人的过程中自己也受益匪浅。15．A.usuallyB．hardlyC．merelyD．necessarily7\n答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，有个七岁的孩子通常读得不流畅，故选A项。16．A.writeB．practiceC．remarkD．reflect答案与解析：B'根据下文的“Whenthechildcamebackafewdayslater,hereaditwithnoproblems”可推知，这个七岁的孩子回家进行了练习，因此再读起来没有问题。17．A.surprisedB．excitedC．inspiredD．impressed答案与解析：C'根据语境“domore”可推知，Holmes受到了激励，从而做得更多。18．A.settledB．relaxedC．pleasedD．refreshed答案与解析：A'根据上文的“HolmesandhisfamilyhaverecentlymovedtoaChicagosuburb”可推知，Holmes搬了家，然后安顿下来，与下文重新开始自己原有的项目计划呼应。settle“定居”。19．A.ownershipB．hobbyC．promiseD．role答案与解析：D'根据上文的“workingasabarber”及下文的“astheStorybookBarber”可推知，Holmes又重启自己的边读书边理发项目，扮演好自己的角色。20．A.secretB．safeC．roughD．crowded答案与解析：B'根据“Today'sworldisfullofgunsandviolence”可知，在这个纷乱的世界里，理发店可以作为孩子们读书的安全之地。四、单句改错1．Idon'tknowwhattodo,becausethenumberofproblemshavearisen.______________________________________________________答案：the→a　此处表述“大量的问题出现了”。thenumberof...“……的数量”；anumberof“许多；大量的”，后接可数名词复数形式。2．Don'ttakeanythingaway.Fatherlikeseverythingtobeintheplace.______________________________________________________答案：去掉the　inplace“在适当的位置”。3．Wetrytocreateworkexperienceopportunitiesthatwillreallymakebigdifferencetous.______________________________________________________答案：make后加a　makeadifference“有影响；起作用”。7\n4．Hedecidedtoapplyforthebossforajobthenextday.______________________________________________________答案：第一个for→to　applytosb.for...“向某人申请……”。5．Thereisnodoubtwhetherglobalwarmingisathreattousall.______________________________________________________答案：whether→that　Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”。7