2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit5NelsonMandel_amodernhero含解析新人教版必修1

Unit5NelsonMandel-amodernhero李仕才一、阅读理解。Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson'sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That'strueforbothteensandadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen，apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia，andhisteamtostudywhetherexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens，startingwhenthekidswerejust13.Theyinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears，andalsospoketotheseteens'closestfriends，whoprovidedadditionalinformationaboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachperson'soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata，theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen'sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefriendsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thosewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinfluencesonhealth.Weight，familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople，suchotherfactorsdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits，saysAllen，buttherearealsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior，suchassmoking，drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn'tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”And，headds，“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”1．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Entertainmentnewspaper.2．WecanlearnfromAllen'sstudythat________.7\nA．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithadulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn'texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeunhealthy3．AccordingtowhatAllensaid，wecanknowthat________.A．inordertodobetteratschool，teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdB．thoughit'schallengingforteenstodealwithpeerpressure，theyshouldnotgiveupC．teenswillengageinsmoking，drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthemgoingwithfriends4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．Closefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeople'shealth.C．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbecomehealthieradults.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。1．B　考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”，故B项正确。2．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。3．B　考查细节理解。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn'tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。4．C　考查推理判断。根据文章第一段第二句“Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C项正确。根据最后一段第一句“Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits，saysAllen，buttherearealsodrawbacks”可知，与朋友相处有好处，但是也有一定的缺点，故A项与文意不符；B项错在“themost”，D项错在“only”，都太过于绝对。7\n二、单句语法填空1．Nowtheirpeacetalkshavereachedakeystage________onesidemustgiveintotheother.答案：where　当先行词是case,position,stage等抽象名词，且在从句中作状语，表示地点时，定语从句使用关系副词where来引导。2．Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand________(devote)．答案：devotion　由teamworkand可知，此处填名词devotion“奉献；忠诚”，作宾语。3．Whenananimalis________attackitcanrunawayorfightback.答案：under　underattack“受到攻击”。4．Shestartedsingingtothebabyand________(reward)withasmile.答案：wasrewarded　rewardsb.withasmile“对某人报以微笑”，根据句意可知，此处应为被动语态。5．Althoughhemadeaseriousmistakeinhiswork,hewasluckytoescape________(fire)byhisboss.答案：beingfired　escapebeingfired“免于被解雇”。6．Ihavesometrouble________(read)theletter,becausehishandwritingisverybad.答案：(in)reading　havetrouble(in)doingsth.“做某事有困难”。7．Insomeplacestherearemanylawsagainst________(cruel)toanimalsbutfewtoprotectchildren.答案：cruelty　空前against是介词，因此本空填名词cruelty“残忍；残酷”。8．Yourteachercangiveyou________(guide)onchoosingacareerandwritingajobapplication.答案：guidance　givesb.guidanceon...“给某人关于……的指导或建议”，故此处填名词guidance“指导”。9．________(educate)usuallyreferstoteachingpeoplevarioussubjects,usuallyataschoolorcollege.答案：Education　此处应用名词education“教育”作主语。10．Theyoungmanwassentencedto________(die)forkillingamiddleschoolstudent.答案：death　besentencedtodeath“被判死刑”。7\n三、完形填空。Ipromiseyou,therewillneverbeaperfecttimetodoanythinginyourlife.　1　willeverfeel100%certainormakeperfectsensetoyouandeveryoneelse.Therewill　2　beaperfecttimetofallinlove,ortotraveltheworld.Youwillneverhaveenoughtraining,enoughpreparation,orenoughmoney.And　3　this,evenwhenyoufeelreadytotakeabravestepintothe　4　,otherswilllikelytryto　5　yououtofit.Becausetheywon’tfeelreadythemselves,andyourambitionandbraverywill　6　theirlevelsofcomfort.Butyoudon’t　7　themanexplanation,oranyotherpersonal　8　youdon’twanttomake.Thisisratherdifficultto　9　atfirst.Waitingtofeel100%readyorsureisthe　10　wayinwhichwecheatourselvesoutofwonderfullifeexperiences.Ichallengeyouto　11　freeyourselffromthisself-limitingstateofmind.Bookthatplaneticket,evenifyoufeellotsof　12　.Signupforthateducationalcourse,evenifyouhavenoidea　13　itwillgo.TrustmewhenItellyouitwillallcometogetherforthe　14　.Whenyouachieveyourdreamswith　15　,whenyoumeetthemwithmentalandphysicaldevotion,you　16　yourtrustintheactofLIVING.Youmakeyourdreamsa　17　insteadoflineitemsonalist.Andthat’sgoodbecauseyourdreamsare　18　toexperience.Youhaveto　19　themoutintherealworldtoknowifthey’repossibleandworthwhileadventuresinthelongrun.Asyou　20　onthisnewjourneyofliving,rememberthatsomepeoplearoundyouwillnaturallybetakenaback.Butaslongasyouaren’thurtingthem,youdon’towethemanythingthattakesawayyourpowertomoveforwardwithyourlife.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了在我们的生活中永远不会有一个完美的时间去做任何事情。所以我们应该想做就做,不要顾虑太多,当我们在一个新的生活之旅中前进时,我们才会发现它带来的惊喜。1.A.Something　　　　　　B.NothingC.AnythingD.Everything7\n【解析】选B。根据上文说在你的生活中永远不会有一个完美的时间去做任何事情。可知句意:没有什么能让你和其他人拥有100%确定的或完美的感觉。故选B。2.A.neverB.alwaysC.occasionallyD.forever【解析】选A。从来都没有一个可以去恋爱和去世界各地旅行的完美时候。故选A。3.A.despite　　B.for　　C.from　　D.after【解析】选A。这里的尽管如此是指上文提到的没有时间去恋爱、去旅行等。despite尽管,故选A。4.A.impossibleB.unknownC.beautifulD.true【解析】选B。尽管如此,即使你准备勇敢地踏入未知世界。unknown未知的,故选B。5.A.helpB.cheatC.talkD.get【解析】选C。其他人也可能会试图说服你放弃它。help帮助;cheat欺骗;talk谈话、劝说;get得到。故选C。6.A.improveB.removeC.increaseD.challenge【解析】选D。因为他们自己不会觉得自己准备好了,你的雄心和勇敢会挑战他们的舒适度。也就是你的做法让他们不舒服。improve提高;remove移除;increase增加;challenge挑战。故选D。7.A.offerB.giveC.allowD.owe【解析】选D。但你不欠他们一个解释。offer提供;give给;allow允许;owe欠。故选D。8.A.excuseB.decisionC.sacrificeD.profit【解析】选C。或者你也不必做出任何你不想做的个人牺牲。excuse借口;decision决定;sacrifice牺牲;profit利润。故选C。9.A.refuseB.graspC.admitD.confirm【解析】选B。这一点很难掌握。“这一点”是指找到合适的时机做自己的事,无需向他人解释。refuse拒绝;grasp抓住、掌握;admit承认;confirm证实。故选B。7\n10.A.hardestB.bitterestC.easiestD.dullest【解析】选C。等待自己感到100%准备好了或很肯定时再去做是一种最简单的欺骗自己去错过精彩人生经历的办法。hardest最困难的;bitterest最苦的;easiest最容易的;dullest最迟钝的。故选C。11.A.automaticallyB.casuallyC.vainlyD.consciously【解析】选D。我要让你有意识地让自己摆脱这种自我限制的心态。automatically自动地;casually随意地;vainly徒劳地;consciously有意识地。故选D。12.A.uncertaintyB.comfortC.anxietyD.hopelessness【解析】选A。订下那张飞机票,尽管你感到了很多的不确定性。uncertainty不确定;comfort舒适;anxiety焦虑;hopelessness无希望。故选A。13.A.howB.whenC.whyD.whether【解析】选A。报名参加那个教育课程,即使你不知道会怎么样发展。故选A。14.A.worseB.betterC.closerD.deeper【解析】选B。当我告诉你一切都会好起来的时候,请相信我。15.A.difficultyB.doubtC.intentionD.success【解析】选C。当你有意识地去实现你的梦想时,当你以精神和肉体的投入去面对它们时,你就把你的信任投入到生活的行动中去了。difficulty困难;doubt怀疑;intention目的;success成功。故选C。16.A.carryB.removeC.experienceD.invest【解析】选D。carry携带;remove移除;experience经历;invest投资,投入。故选D。17.A.realityB.priorityC.burdenD.relief【解析】选B。你优先考虑你的梦想而不只是纸上谈兵。reality现实;priority优先权;burden负担;relief安心。故选B。7\n18.A.meantB.listedC.realizedD.entitled【解析】选A。那很好,因为你的梦想就意味着体验。mean意味着;list列出;realize意识到;entitle使有资格。故选A。19.A.checkB.bringC.workD.test【解析】选D。你必须在现实世界中测试它们,以确定它们是否有可能,并且值得长期冒险。check核对;bring带来;work工作;test测试。故选D。20.A.wanderB.restC.progressD.hesitate【解析】选C。当你在这个新的生活之旅中取得进展时,记住:你周围的一些人自然会大吃一惊。wander闲逛;rest休息;progress进步,前进;hesitate犹豫。故选C。四、单句改错1．Ihope,firstofall,thatweshallneverloseourheartinfaceoffailure.________________________________________________________答案：去掉our　loseheart“失去信心”，为固定搭配。2．Sheisveryweakandnotequaltomakealongjourney.________________________________________________________答案：make→making　beequalto“胜任……”，其中to是介词。3．Thousandsofpeopleturnedtowatchyesterday'smatchagainstIreland.________________________________________________________答案：turned后加up　turnup“出现；露面”。4．ThefirsttimewhenImethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.________________________________________________________答案：去掉when　Thefirsttime在此处引导时间状语从句。5．Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagainwerealizethattherewasamistake.________________________________________________________答案：we前加did　“only＋状语从句”放句首，句子应用部分倒装结构。7