2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit1Womenofachievement含解析新人教版必修4

Womenofachievement李仕才一、阅读理解Manyyearsago，whenwewereayoungcouplewithtwosmallchildren，aged2and4，wewerepracticallyimpecunious.Myinlawslivedfromhandtomouth，sowedidn'texpectanyhelpfromthem.Myparentslivedagreatdistanceaway，andIwastooashamedtoletthemknowaboutoursituation.Myhusbandwastryingtoearnalivingwithanoldpickuptruck，carryinggroceriesforlocalshopkeepers，butitwasconstantlybreakingdown.Ittookalmostallthemoneywehadtohaveitfixed.Thetruckwasalsotheonlymeansoftransportationforus.Welivedinthecountryside，andwealwaysusedthebackdoorbecausethedrivewayledtoit.Onewinterevening，Isteppedoutsidetotakeabagoftrashtothebarrelandalmosttrippedoversomething.Itwasnearlydark，andIhadtobenddowntoseewhatitwas.Icouldhardlybelievemyeyes.Theresatalargebasketloadedwithfood.Itwasheavy，soIcalledmyhusbandtocarryitintothehouse.Onceinside，wediscoveredtwoloavesofbread，somebutter，severalcansofvegetables，acanoforangesauce，andalargeturkey.TherewassomuchthatIcouldn'trememberitall，butitwaseverythingweneededtofixawonderfuldinner—everythingexceptpotatoes.AlittlewhilelaterIrememberedthatIhadn'ttakenthetrashtothebarrel.Bynowitwasdark，soIhadtoturnontheyardlight—andthat'swhenIspottedasmallbagofpotatoessittingontheporch.ThatdinnerwasthebestIcouldremember.Weweren'tabletothankourdonators，though，becauseweneverfoundoutwhohadbeensogenerousinhelpingastrugglingyoungfamily.Whoeveritwas，weareforevergrateful.1．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“impecunious”inParagraph1?A．Generous.B．Harmonious.C．Penniless.D．Stubborn.2．Howdidtheauthor'shusbandsupportthefamily?A．Bystartingagarage.B．Bysellingfooddoortodoor.C．Bydeliveringgoods.D．Byworkingasashopassistant.9\n3．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshesawthebasket?A．Shewasannoyed.B．Shewasastonished.C．Shewasterrified.D．Shefeltasenseofrelief.4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．AhelpinghandintimeB．AstrugglingyoungcoupleC．AtaleofpotatoesD．Arewardfromastranger【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。【难句分析】TherewassomuchthatIcouldn'trememberitall，butitwaseverythingweneededtofixawonderfuldinner—everythingexceptpotatoes.分析：该句由but连接的两个分句构成，其中第一个分句用了so...that...结构，表示“如此……以至于”；第二个分句中weneededtofixawonderfuldinner为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。译文：有如此多的东西以至于我都记不全了，但除了土豆，我们准备一顿丰盛的晚餐所需要的东西都有了。1．C　考查词义猜测。根据第一段最后一句“Myparentslivedagreatdistanceaway，andIwastooashamedtoletthemknowaboutoursituation”可知，“我”的父母住在很远的地方，“我”羞于让他们知道我们的处境；结合该段中的“whenwewereayoungcouplewithtwosmallchildren，aged2and4，wewerepracticallyimpecunious”可知，我们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，据此可以推知，我们的日子过得相当贫穷，才会羞于让远方的父母知道我们的情况。据此可以判断，画线词意为“贫穷的”，故C项正确。A项意为“慷慨的，大方的”，B项意为“和谐的，和睦的”，D项意为“固执的”，都与语境不符。2．C　考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句的“Myhusbandwastryingtoearnalivingwithanoldpickuptruck，carryinggroceriesforlocalshopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生，故C项正确。3．B　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后两句“Icouldhardlybelievemyeyes.Theresatalargebasketloadedwithfood”可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛；据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故B项正确。A项意为“她感到恼怒”，C项意为，“她感到害怕”，D项意为“她感到欣慰”，都与第三段最后两句的语境不符。9\n4．A　考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故A项正确。二、单句语法填空1．Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,________(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.答案：isregarded　当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。2．Hewasobservedbyofficers________(drive)at90milesperhour.答案：driving　observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observesb.doingsth.结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。3．Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintend________(apologize)．答案：toapologize　intendtodosth.“打算做某事”。4．Whicheverwayyoulookatit,anOlympicsilvermedalisaremarkable________(achieve)foronesoyoung.答案：achievement　aremarkableachievement“一个非凡的成就”。5．Withourteacher________(support)us,wefeelquiteencouraged.答案：supporting　support“支持”前有With,因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。6．Hehasdecidedtogetalookatthehouseandseeifitmightbeworthwhile________(buy)it.答案：buying/tobuy　Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.“值得做某事”。7．Thelittleboy'sbad________(behave)atthepartymadehisparentsupset.答案：behaviour　behaviour“行为”是名词，此处作主语。8．Toleranceconsistsin________(respect)theopinionsofothers.答案：respecting　句意：宽容在于尊重别人的观点。介词后应用动词ing形式。9．Computershavereplacedtelevisionsasourmostpopularformof________(entertain)．答案：entertainment　介词of后应为名词entertainment“娱乐活动；娱乐”。10．WhatIwouldliketodotodayistoadvancean________(argue)andseewhat9\nyoumakeofit.答案：argument　由an可知，应填argument名词“论点”。三、完形填空ChrisMarlow,aministerandfatheroftwo,wouldsaythathislifepriorto2022wasgoodbutordinary.ThenamissiontriptoZimbabweturnedhisentireworld___1___upsidedown,andhereturnedtohishomeinNorthCarolinaa(n)___2___man.ItwasonthistripthatMarlowwasfacedwiththe___3___ofextremepovertythatshoweditselfdeterminedlyinthefacesof___4___childrenbeggingforfood.Oneorphanedboy,inparticular,whosleptontheconcretefloorofan___5___gasstationwithdozensofotherorphanedchildren,___6___Marlow’slifeworkforever.TheyoungboybeggedMarlowtoallowhimtoworkforhim___7___food,ashehadnoteatenfordaysandwasstarving.Itwasan___8___thatMarlowcouldnotforgetashespentthefollowingdaysofthetripdrivingthroughdustyroadsanddesperation,___9___tofindawaytofeedthehungryorphans.MarlowwentontofoundHelpOneNow,anon-profitorganizationthat___10___ordinarypeopletohelpprovidefood,shelter,andeducationtopoorchildreninAfrica,Haiti,andaroundtheworldthrough___11___actsofgenerosity.In2022hepublishedhisfirstbook,DoingGoodIsSimple,thestoryofhistransformativeexperiencewiththerealityofseverepoverty,asa___12___forotherslookingtomakeapositive___13___intheworldfromrightwheretheyare.Thebookdoesmorethan___14___peopletodogood—itputsthesuggestionintoactionwithevery___15___.“Earlyon,wedecidedthatwewouldusetheprofitsofDoingGoodIsSimpleto___16___mealsforchildreninourcommunitiesaroundtheworld,”Marlowexplains.“Everybookthatis___17___willprovidefivemealsforchildreninoneofourcommunities.Inthefirst30daysafterthebook’s___18___,wehitover30，000meals.”HelpOneNowis___19___workingtoaidHaitiinthedisasterreliefofHurricaneMatthew.“Weencouragethoseinterestedinworkingwiththe___20___tothinkofwaystohelpthatfittheirindividualpersonalitiesandlifestyles,”hesays.“And9\nwealsolovetoseeyouadvocateforus.”语篇解读：本文讲述一个叫ChrisMarlow的人，在他的一次津巴布韦旅途过后，那里挨饿的孤儿的现状改变了他对世界的看法。于是他成立了一个组织，帮助那些没饭吃的孩子。1.A.economyB.mapC.viewD.tour【答案】C【解析】view意为“看法”，符合语境，即一次旅行改变了他对世界的看法。2.A.astonishedB.changedC.inspiredD.confused【答案】B【解析】过去分词changed在本句中作定语，意为“改变了的”，即他回到家乡时成为一个完全改变了的人。3.A.atmosphereB.shapeC.additionD.reality【答案】D【解析】句意：他在旅途中看到了极度贫困的事实状况。atmosphere(气氛)；shape(形状)；addition(增加)；reality(现实；事实)。根据语境可知选D。4.A.starvingB.cryingC.strugglingD.running【答案】A【解析】starving(挨饿的)；crying(哭着的)；struggling(努力的；挣扎的)；running(跑着的)。根据children后面的“beggingforfood”可知，A项符合语境，即面对着一群正在讨饭的挨饿的孩子。5.A.abolishedB.acquiredC.attachedD.abandoned【答案】D【解析】abolished(废除的)；acquired(获得的)；attached(附加的)；abandoned(废弃的)。既然是睡在加油站，所以可以推断这一定是废弃了的加油站。故选D。6.A.transformedB.transferredC.confirmedD.blocked【答案】A【解析】句意：一个孤儿改变了他的人生。transform意为“改变”，符合语境。9\n7.A.inreturnforB.infavourofC.inexchangeforD.insearchof【答案】C【解析】句意：那个孩子请求Marlow让他为他工作换饭吃。inreturnfor(作为……的回报)；infavourof(支持；赞同)；inexchangefor(交换)；insearchof(查找)。根据句意可知选C。8.A.interruptionB.intervalC.interviewD.interaction【答案】D【解析】根据上下文语境可知，他去那些孤儿那里的活动(interaction)让他终生难忘。9.A.convincedB.determinedC.preparedD.satisfied【答案】B【解析】他下决心(determine)要找到办法养活那些挨饿的孩子们。10.A.remindsB.equipsC.requiresD.permits【答案】B【解析】equip在这里意为“使具备；使有准备”，符合语境，即他成立的这个组织，使得普通人通过简单的行动，去帮助那些穷孩子，为他们提供食物等。11.A.briefB.gracefulC.simpleD.courageous【答案】C【解析】同上题，即通过简单的(simple)行动，帮助穷孩子。12.A.measureB.ruleC.toolD.guide【答案】D【解析】句意：他出版的书作为那些想要对世界起到积极影响的人的指导用书(guide)。13.A.decisionB.requestC.differenceD.comment【答案】C【解析】同上题，即想要对世界起到积极影响的人的指导用书。makeadifference意为“有影响；起作用”，符合语境。14.A.encourageB.entitleC.allowD.appoint【答案】A【解析】句意：这本书起到的作用还不只是鼓励(encourage)人们做好事。9\n15.A.attemptB.purchaseC.publicationD.adoption【答案】B【解析】purchase意为“购买”，符合语境，即每当有人购买这本书的时候。16.A.submitB.contributeC.passD.provide【答案】D【解析】即他们用卖书的钱给孩子们提供(provide)食物。17.A.writtenB.soldC.readD.bought【答案】B【解析】每卖出(sold)一本书可以给孩子提供五顿饭。18.A.releaseB.recoveryC.reservationD.registration【答案】A【解析】句意：在这本书发行(release)后的前30天，卖书赚的钱够提供30,000顿饭的。19.A.eventuallyB.annuallyC.currentlyD.permanently【答案】C【解析】他成立的这个组织目前(currently)正在帮助海地灾区的受害者。20.A.organizationB.communityC.corporationD.government【答案】A【解析】即指本段开头的HelpOneNow这个组织(organization)。四、单句改错1．Afterhisdeath,hischildrenwillcertainlycarryouthiscareer._____________________________________________________答案：out→on　carryon“继续；坚持”。2．Itdidn'toccurtomehewouldrefusemyinvitation._____________________________________________________答案：me后加that　Itdidn't/doesn'toccurtosb.that“某人没有想到”。3．Ifyoufailtodeliverythegoodsaccordingtotheagreedtime,youshouldbefined._____________________________________________________答案：delivery→deliver　failtodosth.“没有做某事”，deliverthegoods“送货”，delivery是名词。4．Youshouldreferthismatterwithourteacherforadecision.9\n_____________________________________________________答案：with→to　refersth.tosb.“把某事交给某人(解决)”。5．Wefearthatlocalstudentswouldlookdownatandbullyourchildren._____________________________________________________答案：at→on/upon　lookdownon/upon“瞧不起；看不起”。五、七选五You'regrowingup.Thatmeansyou'reprobablyexperiencinglotsofchanges，allatonce.Yourbodyischanging.Itmightevenseemasifyourentireselfischanging.Itcanbeconfusingandevenscary.1Andit'sgood!Growingupmeansthatyoucandomore，learnmore，andstarttomakeyourmarkontheworld.Inorderforthattohappen,yourbodyproduceschemicalscalledhormonesthathelpbothbodyandmindgrow.Hormonelevelschangeconstantly，risingandfalling.2Butit'spartlytoblameforintenseemotions，surprisingreactions，andmoodswings.Becauseofthewayyourbraindevelops，itissomewhatruledbyemotionsnowandthroughyourteenyears.Asaresult,growingupcanseemlikeanemotionalrollercoaster！3●Takecareofyourself.Ifyoueatright，sleepenough，andgetgoodexercise，yourbrainwillbemuchmoreabletodealwiththestress.●4Whenyoufeelyourmoodsswingingoryou'reupset，orconfused，somequiettimewillallowyoutogatheryourthoughtsandgetcalmer.●Practicerelaxingyourbodyanddeepbreathingwhenyouwakeupandwhenyougotobed.5Plus，whenstuffhappensduringtheday，you'llbeabletocalmyourselfquicklywithadeepbreathortwobeforeyoureact.Yourbodyischanging.A．Takeatimeout.B．Butthetruthis，ithappenstoeveryteen.C．Workoutregularlytokeepphysicallyfit.D．Thischangingisneededforyourbody'sdevelopment.E．Itwillhelpyoufallasleep—andstartthemorningright.F．Hereareafewthingsyoucandotomaketheridesmoother.9\nG．Usually，thesefeelingssettledownwhenyourealizewhatisgoingon.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年如何应对成长过程中的一些变化。1．B　[由空前的“confusingandevenscary”和空后的“good”可知，空处在这里起承上启下的作用，所以选B项。]2．D　[由空前一句可知，荷尔蒙的水平一直在不断地改变，忽高忽低；D项中的“Thischanging”与空前的“change”相对应，所以选D项。]3．F　[空前的“anemotionalrollercoaster”与F项中的“maketheridesmoother”相对应，且由下文列举的几个要点可知，F项符合文意。]4．A　[由本段中的“一些安静的时间将使你集中精神，安静下来”可知，A项正确。]5．E　[空前的“Practicerelaxingyourbodyanddeepbreathing”与E项中的“It”对应，空前的“whenyouwakeup”与E项的“startthemorningright”对应；空前的“whenyougotobed”与E项的“fallasleep”对应。所以选E项。]9