2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars李仕才一、阅读理解。TheInternetplaysabigpartinhumanlife.Weuseitforworkandentertainment.WecanfindnewrecipesontheInternetoradviceonstayinghealthy.Wecanevenuseittolearnanewlanguage.WeusetheInternettoconnectwithfamilyandfriendsandstayintouchwithissueswecareabout.Thelistgoesonandon.AsfarastheInternetbeingapartofourlives—well,thattrainhasleftthestation.Thatexpressionmeansthereisnogoingback.Ifyoupreferboating,youcansaythatshiphassailed.So,theremaybenogoingbacktoanInternet-freelife.ButcanusingtheInternettoomuchbebadforourhealth?Itmightbe,sayresearchers.Studyresultsshowthatteenswhospendatleast14hoursaweekonlineweremorelikelytohavehighbloodpressure.Highbloodpressuremakesyourheartandbloodvesselsworktoohard.Overtime,thisextrastrainincreasesyourriskofaheartattackorstroke.Highbloodpressurecanalsocauseheartandkidneydisease.Itisalsocloselylinkedtosomeformsofdementia,abraindisease.Dementiaismarkedbymemorydisorders,personalitychanges,andareducedabilitytoreason.Let’sintroducesomethingaboutthestudyofit.TheHenryFordHospitalinDetroit,Michigandidthestudy.Itinvolved335youngpeople,from14to17yearsold.Onehundredthirty-fouroftheteensweredescribedas“heavyInternetusers”.Researchersfoundthatoutofthese134teens,26hadhighbloodpressure.Theresearcherssaythestudyisthefirsttoconnectheavywebuseandhighbloodpressure.OtherresearchhasconnectedthatheavyInternetusewithhealthproblemsincludinganxiety,depressionandobesity.9\nTheleadresearcherofthestudyisAndreaCassidy-Bushrow.Inastatementshesaid,“UsingtheInternetispartofourdailylifebutitshouldn’tconsumeus.”Forthepurposeofthestudy,sheexplains,teensconsideredheavyInternetuserswereonlineon“average25hoursaweek.”MsCassidy-Bushrowaddsthatitisimportantforteenstotake“regularbreaksfromtheircomputersorsmartphones”andtodosome“kindofphysicalactivity.”Shealsosuggeststhatparentslimittheirchildren’suseoftheInternettotwohoursaday,fivedaysaweek.【文章大意】互联网如此有用并且融入我们的生活,但过度使用它,会导致多种健康问题。1.Thefirsttwoparagraphsmeanthat________.A.thelistofthefunctionoftheInternetistoolongtobeendlessB.theInternethastoomanyusestocountC.thenumberofthepeopleintheworldusingtheInternetistoomanytocountD.thelistoftheusesoftheInternetisbeinglengtheneddaybyday【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第一句“TheInternetplaysabigpartinhumanlife.”和第二段“Thelistgoesonandon.”可知,B项符合题意。2.Thereasonofincreasingpeople’sriskofaheartattackorstrokeisthat________.A.theyusetheInternettoomuchB.theypaylittleattentiontotheirhealthC.highbloodpressuremakestheirheartandbloodvesselsworktoohardD.usingtheInternettoomuchmakestheirheartandbloodvesselsworktoohard【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第七段“Highbloodpressuremakesyourheartandbloodvesselsworktoohard.Overtime,thisextrastrainincreasesyourriskofaheartattackorstroke.”高血压使得人们的心脏和血管超负荷运行。长此以往,这种超负荷运行会增加心脏病和中风发生的风险。”可知C项正确。3.WhichofthefollowingmayusingtheInternettoomuchcontributetobesidesteenagers’highbloodpressure?9\nA.Anxiety,depressionandobesity.B.Memorydisorders,andpersonalitychanges.C.Dementia,abraindisease.D.Aheartattackorstroke.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第十一段内容可知:科研人员说研究结果表明过度使用互联网首先导致高血压。其他研究结果表明还可导致其他健康问题,如:忧虑、情绪低落和肥胖。故A项正确。4.MsCassidy-BushrowsuggeststhatthepropertimechildrenspendusingtheInternetshouldbe________.A.25hoursaweek　　　B.10hoursaweekC.5hoursaday　　D.14hoursaweek【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段:“她还建议家长应该把孩子使用互联网的时间限制在每天两小时,每周五天。”故B项正确。二、单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Everyyear,________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案：whoever　whoever“无论谁”，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyonewho。2．Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental________myworkasadirector.答案：to　befundamentalto...“……是……的基础”。3．Icansaythatitisthe________(violence)filmthatIhaveeverseen.答案：mostviolent　由“thatIhaveeverseen”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。4．Hislastpaintingsareperhapsthemost________(puzzle),whicheventheartistscan'tmakesenseof.答案：puzzling　此处形容词puzzling“令人困惑的”作表语，描述主语paintings的本质特征。5．________existsagoodwaytosolvetheproblemingeography.答案：There　Thereexists...“存在……；有……”。6．Assecondhandsmokingis________(harm)anddangerous,peoplewantatotalbanagainstsmokinginpublic.答案：harmful　此处形容词harmful“有害的”作表语。9\n7．Sheboughtaheavycurtain________(block)outthelight.答案：toblock　此处动词不定式短语toblockout作目的状语。8．Thoughinjuredseriously,hetriedtocheer________,hopingtomakehisparentslessworried.答案：up　cheerup“(使)感到高兴，(使)振作起来”。9．Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheriverfrom________(pollute)．答案：beingpolluted　preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”，且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填动名词的被动结构。10．________(like)whatyousupposed,onlyafewpeopleattendedtheparty,whichwasdisappointing.答案：Unlike　根据语意可知，“并不像”你所猜测的那样，故填Unlike，引导名词性从句。三、完形填空。Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The1isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsofrubbishbecausepeopleare2morerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto4anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.5modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland6.Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As8people,wearealwayslookingfor9tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies10thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso11totheproblem.Weare12buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat13isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To16theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe9\n17,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.18,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions19throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout20.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.语篇解读：文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。1.A.keyB.beliefC.projectD.problem【答案】D【解析】A.答案，关键；B.看法，信念；C.项目；D.问题。根据上下文可知：东西用坏了就把它扔了，再买新的。这就出现了垃圾堆积如山的问题，故选D。2.A.pickingoutB.throwingoutC.runningoutofD.cuttingout【答案】B【解析】throwoutrubbish扔掉的垃圾。“挑选，选择，辨认出”、“用完，耗尽”与“剪裁；剪下”不符文意。故选B。垃圾堆积如山的问题是因为人们扔掉的垃圾比以往任何时候都多造成的。3.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change【答案】B【解析】第二、三、四自然段讲athrowawaysociety形成的cause。因此此处问了一个问题：“我们是怎样变成了一个爱浪费的社会的呢？”。而不是怎样去face(面临)、observe(观察)或change(改变)的。4.A.consumeB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw【答案】C【解析】后半句说我们不是花时间与金钱去修理坏了的东西，说明我们是用另外的东西来9\n“代替”它们，因此用“replace”，故选C。consume消耗，耗费，消费；control控制；withdraw收回。5.A.ThankstoB.InparticularC.ExceptforD.Regardlessof【答案】A【解析】A.多亏；B.尤其，特别；C.除了；D.不管。依据逻辑关系，公司能够快速而廉价地生产产品出来是“因为”现代的制造业和技术，故选A。6.A.safeB.legalC.cheapD.powerful【答案】C【解析】与inexpensively相对应，产品就“便宜”。其他选项与文章无关。故选C。7.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division【答案】A【解析】A.爱，喜欢；B.缺少；C.阻止；D.划分。依据Anothercause知道产生更多垃圾的原因是我们“喜欢”使用一次性产品。与后文中的appetite(嗜好)相照应。故选A。8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.greedyD.busy【答案】D【解析】依据后文tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier可知是“繁忙”的人们，而不是sensitive(敏感的)、kind(善良的)、或greedy(贪婪的)。故选D。9.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends【答案】A【解析】A.方法；B.地方；C.工作；D.朋友。为了省时和生活更加舒适，人们就使用一次性产品，公司也就“生产”大量的一次性产品。使用一次性产品是一种savetimeandmakeourliveseasier的“方式”。故选A。10.A.conserveB.receiveC.produceD.preserve【答案】C【解析】A.保护；B.收到；C.生产；D.保存。句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品，故选C。9\n11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes【答案】D【解析】adaptto适应；returnto返回，归还；respondto反应；contributeto为……做贡献，促成，有助于。从“also”一词可看出此处又是讲我们对新产品的appetite(嗜好)也“导致，促成”了上述问题，故选D。12.A.tiredofB.addictedtoC.worriedaboutD.ashamedfor【答案】B【解析】依据前文的appetite(嗜好)，我们不会“厌倦”“担心”和“羞于”购买新产品，而是对此“上瘾”，因此选B。13.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger【答案】A【解析】A.更新的；B.更强壮的；C.更高的；D.更大的。前文newthings提示。后文newones与之照应。句意：广告使人们相信新的更好，故选A。14.A.pickupB.payforC.letoffD.throwaway【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。A.捡起，学会，用车接；B.支付；C排放；D.扔掉。我们不断购买新东西，于是就“扔掉”了还有用的东西，故选Ｄ。15.A.advantagesB.purposesC.conflictsD.consequences【答案】D【解析】垃圾成山是throwawaylifestyle(爱浪费的生活方式)的“后果”，不是“优点”、“目的”、和“冲突，矛盾”，因此选D.consequence结果。16.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure【答案】C9\n【解析】A.显示，展示；B.记录；C.减少；D.测量。并列的两个不定式表目的，后文说政府要求回收物品循环使用，因此是“减少”垃圾，故选Ｃ。17.A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands【答案】B【解析】A.技术；B.环境；C.消费者；D.品牌。全文都是谈的与环境相关的话题，因此是保护“环境”。故选B。18.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile【答案】A【解析】A.然而；B.要不然；C.因此；D.同时。依据上文可知回收是一种解决问题的方法，后文中notenough与之相对，因此此处有转折意味，故选Ａ。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的，故选A。19.A.byB.infavorofC.afterD.insteadof【答案】D【解析】A.通过；B.支持；C.在……之后；D.代替，而不是。本段讲除了上文中提到的回收外的anotherway就是repairourpossessions(修理东西)，自然“代替”了扔掉，故选D。20.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising【答案】C【解析】A.花费，度过；B.收集；C.修理；D.宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句“repairing...”可知答案，故选C。四、单句改错1．MaryarrivedjustontimeforherflighttoLondon._____________________________________________________答案：on→in　intimefor...“及时赶上了……”。2．Itwashotintheroom,becausetheairconditioningsystembrokeout._____________________________________________________9\n答案：out→down　breakdown“出故障”。3．Shemarriedat27andgavebirthofherfirstchildshortly._____________________________________________________答案：of→to　givebirthto“分娩；产生”。4．Watchoutsharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordingly._____________________________________________________答案：out后加for　watchoutforsth.“当心/密切注意某物”。5．ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbiggerasthepresentone._____________________________________________________答案：bigger→big　在比较等级的表达方式中“as...as”中，应用形容词或副词的原级。9