2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour含解析新人教版必修4

Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour李仕才一、阅读理解Wheneverweseeabutton，wewanttopressitbecauseweknowthatsomethingwillhappen.Thisistrueinmostcases，forexample，onadoorbell.Butsomebuttonsareactuallyfake(假的)，likethe“close”buttononalift.Manypeopleareinthehabitofpressingthe“close”buttonbecausetheydon'thavethepatiencetowait.Butlifts'“close”buttonsareacompletetrick，atleastintheUS—thedoorswillnotcloseanyfasternomatterhowhardyoupress.Itstartedinthe1990swhentheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActwaspassedintheUS，makingsurethatallliftsstayedopenlongenoughsothatpeoplewithdisabilitiescouldentersafely.Onlyrepairworkerscanusethebuttonstospeedupthedoorclosingprocessiftheyhavespecialkeys.Buttonormalliftriders，thebuttonsaren'tcompletelyuseless.Accordingtopsychologists，fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol.“Asenseofcontrolisveryimportant.Itreducesstressandincreaseswellbeing，”saidEllenJ．Langer，apsychologyprofessoratHarvardUniversity.Expertsalsoaddedthatalotofbuttonsthatdon'tdoanythingexistinourlivesforthissamepurpose.Forexample，pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon'tliveuptotheirnameseither.Pressingthemusedtohelpmakethetrafficsignalschangefaster，butthatwasbeforecomputercontrolledtrafficsignalswereintroduced.Butpsychologistsfounditinterestingthatevenwhenpeopleareawareoftheselittle“whitelies”，theystillcontinuetopushfakebuttonsbecauseaslongasthedoorseventuallyclose，itisconsideredtobeworththeeffort.1．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribedifferentfakebuttons.B．Toexplorethefunctionsoffakebuttons.C．Toanalyzevarioushabitsofpushingbuttons.D．Toexplainthedisadvantagesoffakebuttons.2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“close”buttonsonaliftinAmerica?A．Theyworkwhenpeoplepressthemhard.B．Theyweredesignedforasenseofcontrol.11\nC．Theyneverspeedupthedoorclosingprocess.D．Theytakethesafetyofthedisabledintoaccount.3．Whatcanweinferaboutpedestriancrosswalkbuttons?A．Theycanmakepeoplefeelbetter.B．Theyhelpcomputersworkfaster.C．Theycancontrolthetrafficsignals.D．Theyhelppedestrianscrosssafely.4．Whichmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ButtonsintheUSAB．ButtonsAlwaysLieC．ButtonsMayNotWorkD．“Close”ButtonsonLifts【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们平时生活中所见到的按钮可能是不起作用的。【难句分析】Putpsychologistsfounditinterestingthatevenwhenpeopleareawareoftheselittle“whitelies”，theystillcontinuetopushfakebuttonsbecauseaslongasthedoorseventuallyclose,itisconsideredtobeworththeeffort.分析：这是一个复合句。句子主干为psychologistsfounditinteresting。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that引导的宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。译文：但是心理学家发现，有趣的是，甚至当人们意识到这些“善意的谎言”时，他们仍然继续按那些虚假按钮，因为只要最终门关了，那就被认为是值得努力的。1．B　考查推理判断。通读整篇文章可知，作者通过举例子介绍了不同地点的虚假按钮，其目的是探求这些虚假按钮的功能。故选B。A项“描述不同的虚假按钮”，C项“分析按按钮的不同习惯”，D项“解释虚假按钮的弊端”。A、C、D三项在文中均有提及但不是整篇文章的目的，故排除。2．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句中的“makingsurethatallliftsstayedopenlongenoughsothatpeoplewithdisabilitiescouldentersafely”可知，美国电梯里的“关闭”按钮是为了确保残疾人能安全地通过。故选D。3．A　考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“fakebuttonscanactuallymakeyoufeelbetterbyofferingyouasenseofcontrol”和第六段中的“Forexample，pedestriancrosswalkbuttonsdon'tliveuptotheirnameseither”可知，人行横道按钮也没有实现其功能，但可以让人们感觉好一点，故选A。411\n．C　考查标题判断。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了有些按钮只是形式上的，而不具备真正的实际功能。故C项“按钮可能不起作用”最符合文章主旨。故选C。二、单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.答案：ranging　alargecollectionofwildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用动词ing形式作后置定语。2．Shoppingisnolongerjustanecessity;ithasbecomeaformof________(entertain)．答案：entertainment　介词of后接名词，故填entertainment“娱乐；娱乐活动”。3．Thenewssaidthattheschoolsinthatsouthwesternareaare________(bad)offforteachingequipment,andeventeachers.答案：badly　bebadlyoffforsth.“缺乏某物”。4．Toeveryone's________(astonish),hehaswonthegame.答案：astonishment　toone'sastonishment“使某人吃惊的是”。5．Thevillagerdoesn'twantmoremoney—heiscontent________whathehas.答案：with　becontentwith...“对……感到满足”。6．Sam________(convince)thathisgirlfriendloveshim.答案：isconvinced　beconvincedthat...“确信；相信”。7．Theywere________(wear)outafterworkinginthefieldsthewholedaylong.答案：worn　bewornout“筋疲力尽的”。8．Uptonow,I________(read)asfarasthefifthchapter,thesecondvolumeofTheWarandPeace.答案：haveread　uptonow“直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用。9．Thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing,________ismentionedabove.答案：as　本句中，as引导非限制性定语从句。asismentionedabove“正如上边所提到的”。10．TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditional________(perform)inMarchandSeptember.答案：performances　形容词additional后应接名词，performance在本句中意为“表演”，是可数名词，由空后的介词短语可知表示多场表演，故填performances。11\n三、完形填空。After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.ThatFridayafterwork,Idroveovertopickherup.Wewenttoarestaurantthat,althoughnot1,wasveryniceandcozy.Mymothertookmyarm2sheweretheFirstLady.Duringthedinner,wehadanagreeableconversation–nothing3butcatchinguponrecent4ofeachother’slife.Wetalkedsomuchthatwemissedthe5.Aswearrivedatherhouselater,shesaid,“I’llgooutwithyouagain,butonlyifyouletme6you.”Iagreed.“Howwasyour7?”askedmywifewhenIgothome.“Verynice.Far8mywildestimagination”Ianswered.Afewdayslater,mymotherdiedofaheartattack.Ithappenedso9thatIdidn’thaveachancetodoanythingforher.Sometime10,Ireceivedanenvelopewithacopyofarestaurant11fromthesameplacewheremotherandIhaddined.An12notesaid:“Ipaidthisbill13.Iwasn’tsurethatI14bethere;butIstillpaidfortwoplates–oneforyouandtheotherforyour15.Youwillneverknowwhatthatnight16forme.Iloveyou,son.”Atthatmoment,I17theimportanceofsayingintime:“ILOVEYOU”andtogivetimetoourfamily.18inlifeismoreimportantthanyourfamily.Givethemthetimethey19,becausethesethingscannotbe20till“someothertime.”语篇解读：本文通过讲述作者和母亲去吃饭的一次经历，和母亲的突然离世来告诉人们要多花些时间和亲人在一起，这比什么都重要。而不要等到子欲养而亲不待，让人抱憾终身。所以，无论多么忙，我们都应当和家人经常交流、共处，千万不要以各种理由把和家人交流、共处的时间一次次地推迟，因为生活中有些事情是不能往后推的，否则，有可能会留下终生的遗憾！1.A.grandB.comfortableC.adaptableD.assistant【答案】A11\n【解析】grand宏伟的，豪华的；comfortable舒服的；adaptableadj.能适应的，可修改的；assistant有帮助的。上下文存在让步关系，根据空后nice和cozy以及前面的否定意义可以判断前面指饭店不是很豪华，选A。我们去了一家虽不豪华却很优雅舒适的饭店。2.A.evenifB.asthoughC.sothatD.incase【答案】B【解析】evenif即使；asthough仿佛，好像；sothat为了；incase万一。母亲和儿子在一起感觉非常骄傲，就仿佛和第一夫人一般，此处是一种假设语气，选B。妈妈挽着我的手臂，宛如第一夫人。3.A.unbelievableB.attractiveC.adequateD.extraordinary【答案】D【解析】unbelievable让人难以置信的；attractive迷人的；adequate足够的，合乎需要的，胜任的，令人满意的；extraordinary非凡的。儿子和母亲的聊天没有什么大事，只是很随意，根据but的转折可知选D。4.A.accidentsB.eventsC.coincidencesD.conditions【答案】B【解析】accidents事故；events事件；coincidences巧合；conditions条件，状况。母子的谈话只是涉及到彼此生活中发生的事情，选B。吃饭的时候，我们谈得很愉快——也没什么特别的事——只是简单描述一下彼此生活中最近发生的事。5.A.busB.appointmentC.movieD.time【答案】C【解析】bus汽车；appointment约会；movie电影；time时间。从第一段After21yearsofmarriage,mywifewantedmetotakeanotherwomanouttodinnerandamovie.可知儿子带母亲去看电影，故选C。我们11\n谈得太尽兴以至错过了看电影。6.A.accompanyB.orderC.satisfyD.invite【答案】D【解析】accompany陪同；order命令，订购；satisfy使人满意，满足；invite邀请。从下文内容可知母亲打算准备请儿子吃饭看电影，选D。当我送她回到家时，她说：“我会再跟你出去约会，但只要你让我陪着你。”我同意了。7.A.dateB.dinnerC.filmD.mother【答案】A【解析】date日期，约会；dinner晚餐；film电影；mother母亲。根据首段可知妻子让作者约母亲吃饭看电影，由此判断妻子问丈夫约会的情况，选A。8.A.fromB.beyondC.beneathD.outof【答案】B【解析】from从；beyond超过，越过，那一边；beneath在下面；outof出于。固定短语：beyondimagination“难以想象，超出想象”，选B。“你们的约会怎么样啊？”回到家时我妻子问。“非常好。比我想象中要好得多。”我回答。9.A.instantlyB.abruptlyC.absolutelyD.awfully【答案】B【解析】instantly立即，马上；abruptly突然；absolutely绝对地；awfully可怕地，十分。根据空后内容可知事情发生得非常突然，作者都没来得及做些什么，选B。几天后，妈妈由于严重的心脏病发作去世了。发生得如此突然以至我没有机会为她做任何事。10.A.beforeB.agoC.laterD.after【答案】C【解析】before在之前；ago在某段时间前；later后来；after11\n在之后。从事情的发展可知此处指过了一段时间以后，选C。11.A.receiptB.billC.receptionD.notice【答案】A【解析】receipt收据；bill账单；reception接待；notice注意。根据后句内容可知母亲已经提前支付了费用，由此判断信封里面装的是收据，选A。12.A.predictedB.adaptedC.attachedD.approved【答案】C【解析】predicted被预测到的；adapted适应的；attached附着的；approved被认可的，经过检验的。在收据上附带着一张便条来说明情况，选C。13.A.bychanceB.onpurposeC.formyselfD.inadvance【答案】D【解析】bychance偶然；onpurpose故意；formyself为自己；inadvance提前。根据后句内容Iwasn’tsurethatI14bethere;butIstillpaidfortwoplates可知母亲没等到和作者一起去吃饭，是提前支付了费用，选D。14.A.mightB.shouldC.couldD.would【答案】C【解析】母亲不确定自己是否能够再次和儿子一起吃饭，此处表示一种能能力，选C。15.A.sonB.wifeC.friendD.colleague【答案】B【解析】son儿子；wife妻子；friend朋友；colleague同事。从上句内容可知母亲不确定自己是否能够到场，但还是付了两个人的钱，由此判断她计划给作者和他的妻子预定的，选B。16.A.meantB.paidC.providedD.allocated【答案】A【解析】meant意味着，意思是；paid付款；provided提供；allocated11\n分配。从上文第二段内容可知母亲对上次和儿子在一起吃饭感到特别开心，感觉那顿饭对她意味着很多，选A。一段时间过后，我收到一个信封，里面有我和我母亲一起吃晚饭的地方的收据。收据附着一张便条上面写道：“我提前付了款。我不确定我是否还能去哪儿，我付了两份，一份为你，一份为你的妻子。你不知道那晚对我来说意味着什么。我爱你，儿子。”17.A.advocatedB.appreciatedC.admiredD.applauded【答案】B【解析】advocated提倡；appreciated感激，领悟；admired羨慕；applauded鼓掌。从母亲的话和母亲的去世作者应该珍惜和家人在一起的重要性，选B。18.A.SomethingB.AnythingC.EverythingD.Nothing【答案】D【解析】Something某事；Anything任何事；Everything一切；Nothing没什么。此处表达了作者清楚地认识到：没有什么会比你的家人更重要的啦，选D。19.A.demandB.needC.deserveD.desire【答案】C【解析】demand要求；need需要；deserve值得；desire渴望。家人是最重要的人，他们应该得到我们更多的关注，得到更多的时间，选D。20.A.putoffB.calledoffC.takenoffD.turnedoff【答案】A【解析】putoff推迟；calledoff职消；takenoff起飞，脱掉；turnedoff关掉。根据上文可知作者懂得了及时说“我爱你”的重要性，他也提醒读者“设有比你的家人更重要的了”所以不要把与他们共度的时光推迟到其某个时刻。那一刻，我明白了及时说出“我爱你”11\n以及给予我们所爱的人他们应该得到的时间的重要性。生命中没有什么比你的家庭更重要。多花些时间陪陪你的家人，因为这些事情不能被推迟到“改天”。四、单句改错1．Perhapsyoucanhelpmepickupapairofjeansnow,sinceyouareanexpert._____________________________________________________答案：up→out　pickout“挑选”。2．Shestoodoutsidethestation,lookingatalldirections,butapparentlynoonehadcometomeether._____________________________________________________答案：at→in　inalldirections“朝/向四面八方”。3．Withtheelectricitybeingcutoff,allthemachineshadtostopworking._____________________________________________________答案：去掉being　cutoff与electricity存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表示动作已完成。4．OccasionsarequiterarethatIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids._____________________________________________________答案：that→when　此处occasions意为“时机；时候”，在本句中为先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语，表时间。故用when引导该定语从句。5．Beingtooparticularwithwhatyouwearisnotagoodhabit._____________________________________________________答案：with→about/over　beparticularabout/over“对……挑剔/讲究”。五、七选五Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？1Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.CleanthetoiletwithCoke.It'samazinghowpowerfulCokemightbeasatoiletcleaner.2You'llsaveyourhealthbynotconsumingchemicalsthatCokecontainsandsavemoneybynotpurchasingprofessionalcleaners.Poursomecolaoverthestainsandleaveitallforafewhours.Thenletwaterwashthetoilet!11\nRemovewaterstainswithorangepeels.You'vejusteatenanorange.3Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.Youcanusetheskinstocleanstainlesssteel.Yourapplianceswillshineagainafteryourub(擦)themwiththeskins.Thepeelscaneasilymakethosestubbornstainsdisappearinasecond.Usebananapeelstopolishleatherfurniture.Expertsclaimthatbananapeelsaregreatforpolishingleathersofasandarmchairs.Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.4Afterwards，removetheleftoverwithacloth.Thistrickissimpleandcheap.Useitifyouwantyourleatherfurnituretolookbrandnewagain.5Whywouldyouwanttobuyonewhenyoucanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnontoxic(无毒的)?Justpour2litersofslightlywarmwaterintoadeepbowl.Thenadd50mlwhitevinegarandhalfateaspoonofdishwashingliquid.Shakethebowlandthenfillupaplasticspraywiththemixture.Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.A．Waitaminute!B．Makeyourownglasscleaner.C．Followthestepsgivenbelow.D．Ofcourseyouransweris“yes”．E．Theyleavenomarksorscratches.F．Insteadofdrinkingit，useittocleanthetoiletbowl.G．Theyareeconomicalandsafetouseonalloffurniture.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。想生活在一个干净的生活环境中，让一切光洁发亮吗？那就按照以下步骤来做吧。无需购买昂贵的清洁用品，只需要一些小妙招。1．C　[根据空前的“Wanttoliveinaperfectlycleanenvironmentandmakeitshinebrightly？”和空后的“Thenyouwillnotneedtopurchaseexpensivecleaningproducts.”以及接下来列举的几条小妙招可知，C项“跟着以下步骤做”能起到承上启下的作用。]2．F　[本段讲的是用可乐清理厕所，故F项“你可以不喝可乐，而是用它清洁马桶”符合语境。]3．A　[根据下文中的“Donotthrowawaythoseorangepeels.”可知，吃了橘子后，11\n稍待片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不锈钢。所以选A。]4．E　[根据上文中的“Bananaskinsarerichinoilsandhavetherighttexturetodothetask.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材质也非常适合擦拭皮质，使污痕或划痕统统不见。所以选E。]5．B　[根据下文中的“youcanmakeyourownproductthatischeapandnontoxic(无毒的)...”及“Useittocleanwindowsandmirrors.Makeyourglasssurfacescleanandshiny.”可知，本段讲的是如何自制玻璃清洁剂，故B项符合语境。]11