2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour含解析新人教版必修4

Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour李仕才一、阅读理解  USmusiclegendBobDylanwontheNobelLiteraturePrizeonOctober13,2022,thefirstsongwritertowinthewell-knownawardinadecisionthatstunnedprizewatchers.   Dylan,75,washonored“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”,theSwedishAcademysaid.   Thechoicewasmetbygasps(倒吸气)andalongroundofapplausefromjournalistsattendingtheprizeannouncement.ThefolksingerhasbeenmentionedinNobelspeculationinthepastyears,butwasneverseenasaseriouscontender.   Theacademy'spermanentsecretary,SaraDanius,saidDylan'ssongswere”poetryfortheears“.   “Dylanhasthestatusofanicon.Hisinfluenceoncontemporarymusicisprofound(意义深远的),”theacademywroteinbiographicalnotesaboutthefamouslyprivatesinger.   Lastyear,theprizewenttoBelarusianauthorSvetlanaAlexievichforherdocumentary­stylenarrativesbasedonwitnesstestimonies(证言).   Dylanwilltakehomethe8millionkrone($971,000)prize.   TheNobelisthelatestawardforthesinger,whohascomealongwayfromhishumblebeginningsasRobertAllen Zimmerman,bornin1941inDuluth,Minnesota,andwhotaughthimselftoplaytheharmonica(口琴),guitarandpiano.   AttractedbythemusicoffolksingerWoodyGuthrie,ZimmermanchangedhisnametoBobDylan-reportedlyaftertheWelshpoetDylanThomas-andbeganperforminginlocalnightclubs.   Afterdroppingoutofcollege,hemovedtoNewYorkin1960.Hisfirstalbumcontainedonlytwooriginalsongs,butthe1963breakthroughTheFreewheelin'BobDylanfeaturedalotofhisownsongs,includingtheclassicBlowin'intheWind.1.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthenewsreport?A.MusiciconBobDylanwinsNobelPrizein9\nLiteratureB.BobDylanhascreatednewpoeticexpressionsC.BobDylan'sinfluenceoncontemporarymusicisprofoundD.BobDylan'shasbeenmentionedinNobelspeculationinthepastyears2.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“contender”inPara.3?A.Apersonwhoinvitesgueststoasocialevent.B.Someonewhotakespartinacompetition.C.someoneinchargeoftraininganathleteorateamD.Apersoninacourtoflawwhodecideshowthelawshouldbeapplied.3.HowdidthejournalistsfeelthemomenttheyheardthenewsthatBobDylanwontheNobelPrizeinLiterature?A.Calm.B.Relieved.C.Surprised.D.Unfair.4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat________.A.DylanThomaswasaWelshpoetB.Blowin'intheWindisoneofBobDylan'sarticlesC.SaraDaniusistheacademy'spermanentsecretary`D.lastyear,theNobelPrizeinLiteraturewenttoaBelarusianauthor参考答案：1.A;2.B;3.C;4.B解析：1.[标题猜测题。根据全文如开头:USmusiclegendBobDylanwontheNobelLiteraturePrizeonOctober13,2022thefirstsongwritertowinthewellknownawardinadecisionthatstunnedprizewatchers可得答案。]2.[词意猜测题。根据第三段:根据获得诺贝尔奖有激烈的竞争性,可知该词是“竞争者,争夺者”的意思。]3.[细节理解题。根据第三段:Thechoicewasmetbygasps(倒吸气)andalongroundofapplausefromjournalistsattendingtheprizeannouncement可知答案。]4.[事实判断题。根据第十段:…butthe1963breakthroughTheFreewheelin'BobDylanfeaturedalotofhisownsongs,includingtheclassicBlowin'intheWind可得答案。]二、单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.答案：ranging　alargecollectionof9\nwildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用动词ing形式作后置定语。2．Shoppingisnolongerjustanecessity;ithasbecomeaformof________(entertain)．答案：entertainment　介词of后接名词，故填entertainment“娱乐；娱乐活动”。3．Thenewssaidthattheschoolsinthatsouthwesternareaare________(bad)offforteachingequipment,andeventeachers.答案：badly　bebadlyoffforsth.“缺乏某物”。4．Toeveryone's________(astonish),hehaswonthegame.答案：astonishment　toone'sastonishment“使某人吃惊的是”。5．Thevillagerdoesn'twantmoremoney—heiscontent________whathehas.答案：with　becontentwith...“对……感到满足”。6．Sam________(convince)thathisgirlfriendloveshim.答案：isconvinced　beconvincedthat...“确信；相信”。7．Theywere________(wear)outafterworkinginthefieldsthewholedaylong.答案：worn　bewornout“筋疲力尽的”。8．Uptonow,I________(read)asfarasthefifthchapter,thesecondvolumeofTheWarandPeace.答案：haveread　uptonow“直到现在”，常与现在完成时连用。9．Thenumberofseniorhighschoolstudentsisincreasing,________ismentionedabove.答案：as　本句中，as引导非限制性定语从句。asismentionedabove“正如上边所提到的”。10．TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditional________(perform)inMarchandSeptember.答案：performances　形容词additional后应接名词，performance在本句中意为“表演”，是可数名词，由空后的介词短语可知表示多场表演，故填performances。三、完形填空。Forme，twooftheloveliestwordsinEnglishare“Lifepersists”．I__1__themyearsagoasacollegestudent，sittinginthelibrary，__2__，workingonapaper.Outofnowhere，thosewordscame__3__offthepageinaquote(引语)：“Inthemidstofdeathlifepersists，inthemidstof__4__truthpersists，inthemidstofdarknesslightpersists.”9\nSuddenlyIwasn'tunhappyandimpatientanymore.ThenI__5__mygranddad.Ilovedtotalkwithhim.AndIwas__6__tohearwhathe'dthinkofit.Hehadpoorhearing，soIhadto__7__itafewtimes，butoncehe__8__it，helaughed.“AllIcansaytothatistotally__9__，”hesaidonthephone.ItoldhimhowgladIwas，afteralongwinter，tofinallyseespringand__10__tofindthatquote.“Whyisthat？”heasked.“Well，springisasure__11__thatlifepersists.Anditjustmakesme__12__.”Helaughedagain，andthen__13__hislovelyvoice，herecitedformehis__14__“springtime”words：“Thedesertshallrejoice(高兴)，and__15__astherosedoes...evenwithjoyandsinging.”Manyyearslater，__16__myhusbandandIdroveacrossadesertwithmanywildflowersandblooming(盛开的)cactuses，Icould__17__hearmygranddadlaughing：“Thedesertshallrejoice.”Lifepersists，andsodowe，inthesilenceof__18__andthebloomingofcactuses；andinthedeadof__19__andthegreenofspring.Spring__20__usthatwe'realiveforever.1．A.lookedforB．happenedonC．pickedoutD．madeup2．A.boredB．concentratedC．tiredD．confused3．A.runningB．dancingC．rushingD．moving4．A.fearB．accusationC．suspicionD．untruth5．A.calledB．visitedC．consultedD．informed6．A.patientB．confidentC．upsetD．desperate7．A.copyB．printC．repeatD．recite8．A.gotB．madeC．undertookD．managed9．A.puzzlementB．scepticismC．agreementD．disapproval9\n10．A.practicallyB．especiallyC．obviouslyD．naturally11．A.wayB．inspirationC．remarkD．sign12．A.astonishedB．energeticC．merryD．alive13．A.inB．withC．ofD．beyond14．A.impressiveB．superbC．classicalD．favorite15．A.existB．flowerC．surviveD．sow16．A.afterB．whenC．untilD．although17．A.hardlyB．alwaysC．almostD．mostly18．A.journeysB．wordsC．worldD．desert19．A.winterB．springC．summerD．autumn20．A.convincesB．assuresC．remindsD．strikes【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述的是作者有感于春天的活力，从偶然读到的一段话联想到生命的意义与坚持。生命长存于漫漫沙漠的植物中，长存于冬去春来的绿意中。冬去春来，生命依然长存，而我们也要继续前行。1．B　根据语境可知，几年前坐在大学的图书馆里作者偶然遇到这两个单词“Lifepersists”。happenon“偶然遇到或发现”，符合语境。pickout“挑选，辨别出”；makeup“编造”。2．A　根据下文中的“SuddenlyIwasn'tunhappyandimpatientanymore”可知，作者当时在图书馆里的心情是很烦闷的。故选bored“厌倦的，烦闷的”。3．B　这两个词突然从书页上的引语中跃入作者的眼帘。dancing在此形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。4．D　在死亡中，生命依然坚持；在谎言中，真理依然长存；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻。根据句中的death与life,9\ndarkness与light的对应关系可知，此处应填truth的反义词。untruth“虚假，不真实”，符合语境。accusation“控告”；suspicion“怀疑”。5．A　根据下文中的“onthephone”可知，作者给爷爷打电话。call“(给……)打电话”，符合语境。visit“看望，拜访”；consult“咨询”；inform“告知”。6．D　根据语境及上文中的“Ilovestotalkwithhim”可知，作者很想听到爷爷(对这句话)是怎么看的。desperate“极想，渴望”。patient“耐心的”；upset“不安的”。7．C　根据上文中的“Hehadpoorhearing，soIhadto”和下文中的“afewtimes”可知，爷爷的听觉不灵，所以作者不得不多次重复(repeat)这句话。copy“抄写”；print“打印”；recite“背诵”。8．A　但是一旦作者的爷爷明白(gotit)了，他就笑了起来。makeit“获得成功，准时到达”。9．C　根据上文中的“laughed”和下文中作者的爷爷所背诵的语句与该句话的主题的一致性可知，作者的爷爷对这句话所表达的主题是完全同意的。puzzlement“疑惑”；scepticism“怀疑”；agreement“赞同，同意”；disapproval“反对，不赞成”。10．B　作者告诉爷爷她在漫长的冬天过后，最终看到春天，特别是偶然发现这句引语，自己是有多高兴。especially“特别，尤其”，符合语境。practically“实际地，差不多”；obviously“明显地”；naturally“自然而然地”。11．D　春天就是一个可信的迹象，它表明生命是长存的。sign“迹象，征兆”符合语境。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。12．C　根据上文中的“Iwasn'tunhappy”，下文中的“rejoice(高兴)”“joy”及文章的主题可知，这句话使作者感到开心(merry)。astonished“震惊的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。13．A　作者的爷爷又笑了笑，然后用他那悦耳的嗓音为作者背诵了他最喜欢的语句。in...voice是固定搭配，表示“以……的嗓音”。14．D　参见上题解析。impressive“给人印象深刻的”；superb“极佳的，质量极高的”；classical“经典的”；favorite“最喜欢的”。15．B　沙漠应该高兴，像玫瑰一样盛开。根据空后的“astherosedoes”可知，flower“开花”符合语境。16．B　多年后，当作者和丈夫驱车穿越一个有很多野花和盛开的仙人掌的沙漠时，她几乎又听到了爷爷笑着说“沙漠应该高兴”。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导时间状语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故选when。17．C　参见上题解析。almost“几乎，差不多”，符合语境。18．D　根据空后的“thebloomingofcactuses...”和上文中的“adesertwithmanywildflowersandblooming(盛开的)cactuses”及“Thedesertshallrejoice”可知，生命长存，同样的，我们也要坚持。生命长存于寂静的沙漠(desert)中和盛开的仙人掌里。9\n19．A　inthedeadofwinter“在隆冬，在严冬”。空前的dead形象地表现出了冬季万物萧条的景象，与春季的绿意及万物复苏的景象形成鲜明的对比。20．C　春天提醒我们，我们永远充满活力。convince“使相信”；assure“使确信”；remind“提醒”；strike“突然想到”。四、单句改错1．Perhapsyoucanhelpmepickupapairofjeansnow,sinceyouareanexpert._____________________________________________________答案：up→out　pickout“挑选”。2．Shestoodoutsidethestation,lookingatalldirections,butapparentlynoonehadcometomeether._____________________________________________________答案：at→in　inalldirections“朝/向四面八方”。3．Withtheelectricitybeingcutoff,allthemachineshadtostopworking._____________________________________________________答案：去掉being　cutoff与electricity存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表示动作已完成。4．OccasionsarequiterarethatIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids._____________________________________________________答案：that→when　此处occasions意为“时机；时候”，在本句中为先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语，表时间。故用when引导该定语从句。5．Beingtooparticularwithwhatyouwearisnotagoodhabit._____________________________________________________答案：with→about/over　beparticularabout/over“对……挑剔/讲究”。五、七选五Freshmenanywheremaybenervousaboutuniversitylife.Here,threepiecesofadviceareforthem.Listenbutdon’tbesilentTheworldisheldinstudents’handviasmartphones.Thus,theymayconsiderlecturelisteninglessimportant.　1　Itforcesstudentstofacethedifficultiesoftrainingadeepattentiveness.Unsurprisingly,studentsfindithard9\ntospeakout,askquestionsorforpointsofclarification.Theydon’twanttoappearfoolishorincapable.However,thereisnosuchthingasafoolishquestion.Teachersaretheretohelpyouunderstand.Thisalsogoesforseminarsandworkshops.　2　Readandbuybooks　3　There’resomanyusefulonlinesourcestoday,butthehabitofreadingbooks,especiallywholebooks,issomethingbeinglost.Buyyourownbooks.Therearemanybargainstobefoundonused-bookwebsitesorthroughAmazon.Beingabookloverandbuyerwillhelpanystudentgetthemostoutoftheireducation.　4　Asastudent,youdon’tjusthavetolearntolistenandbecomeanactivereader:youalsohavetobecomeanacademicwriter.Writtenworkatcollegelevelcannotbedoneatthelastminuteorinarush.Ittakestime.Turntoyourteachers.Iftheywillreaddraftessaysthenmakesureyoucangetfeedback(反馈)aheadofthefinalsubmission.　5　Studentswhogetfeedbackontheirworkalwaysdobetterthanthosewhodonot.Itisoneofthefeweducationallawsthatholdstrueinallcases.A.Don’ttrytodoitallthenightbefore.B.However,alectureisalisteningworkout.C.Thinkingclearlycannotbedoneinarush.D.Sotrainyourear,listencarefully,butdon’tbesilent.E.Readingisthemostimportantthingthatanystudentdoes.F.Re-writinghasprovedtobetheturningpointinone’sdegree.G.Iftheywon’treaddrafts,thenseethemtorunthroughyourideas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大学一年级新生如何适应大学生活。1.B【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文＂Thus,theymayconsiderlecturelisteninglessimportant.＂（因此，他们可能认为听讲座不重要）与B项(然而一个讲座就是一次听力训练)在此相衔接，故选B。2.D【解析】考查上下文衔接。根据前文＂Thisalsogoesforseminarsandworkshops.＂（这需要到研讨班）与D项（仔细听训练你的听力，但不要沉默）衔接，故选D。9\n3.E【解析】考查语篇逻辑。本段的主旨是＂Readandbuybooks＂（阅读和购买书），而E项（阅读对学生来说很重要）符合逻辑，故选E。 5.G【解析】考查语篇逻辑。前文＂Iftheywillreaddraftessaysthenmakesureyoucangetfeedback(反馈)aheadofthefinalsubmission.＂（如果他们阅读了草稿就能确保在你上交前得到反馈）与G项（如果他们没有阅读草稿，看他们理解你的观点）形成并列符合逻辑，故选G。9