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2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit2Workingtheland含解析新人教版必修4

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Unit2Workingtheland李仕才一、阅读理解Inthedeadofwinter,wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitaminthatisessentialforgoodhealth—VitaminD.Thisimportantvitaminstrengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease,cancerandmanyotherlifethreateningdiseases.Therecommendeddailyrequirementis400-600InternationalUnits(IU).Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinturnsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamountsofVitaminD.Evenduringwinter,justa10minutewalkatmiddaycankeepthebody’sVitaminDathealthylevels.Duringbriefwinterwalks,wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.VitaminDcanbealsoobtainedfromfoods.SalmonisoneofthebestsourcesoftheVitamin.Eggyolks(蛋黄),cheese,mushroomsandsomeanimalorganscontainsmallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers,foodcompaniesaddVitaminDtosomeoftheirmilkproducts.ThepracticeofputtingtheVitaminintomilkbeganinthe1930s.Atthattime,manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets,anillnessthatiscausedbyadeficiency(缺乏)ofVitaminD.Itmadethechildren’sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.ForpeoplewhostillneedmoreVitaminD,thereisanotheroption;TakeVitaminDsupplements(补充物).Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However,anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普文,主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。1.Duringthewintermonths,people___________.A.aren’tabletomeettheirdeadlines9\nB.oftendon’tdresswarmlyenoughC.generallyliketoremainindoorsD.leavelotsofworkforotherstodoC 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Inthedeadofwinter,wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.”可知,在冬天人们愿意待在室内。2.Accordingtothetext,VitaminD___________.A.canbeobtainedbybeingexposedtothesunB.canbeusedtocurelifethreateningdiseasesC.canbemainlyfoundinsomemilkproductsD.canmakethechildren’sbonessoftandweakA 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知,维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得,故选A。3.Whyissalmonmentionedinthisarticle?A.It’sseldompreparedinthecorrectway.B.It’sausefuladditiontoaperson’sdiet.C.Ithasahugeimpactontheenvironment.D.Itsadvantageshavebeenexaggerated.B 解析:推理判断题。根据第四段可知,三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物,因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物,故选B。4.Themainpurposeofthisarticleis___________.A.tointroduceavaluablenutrientB.toadvertiseVitaminDsupplementsC.tonoterisksassociatedwithanutrientD.toexplainhowanutrientwasdiscoveredA 解析:写作意图题。根据全文可知,本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。二、单句语法填空1.(2022·江苏高考)________(determine)whereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.答案:Determining 分析句子结构可知,应用动名词短语作主语,即本句中Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundings作主语,remains是谓语动词。2.The________(produce)ofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness.9\n答案:production 由设空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知,应填所给词的名词形式。production“生产;制造”。3.Nowadays,childrenhavemore________(free);theycandowhatevertheylike.答案:freedom freedom名词“自由”,在本句中作宾语。4.Catscanhelpridthehome________mice.答案:of rid...of“使摆脱或除去……”。5.Aheavyfirereduced90percentofthehouses________ashes.答案:to reduce...to...“使……沦为……”。6.Ibitterly________(regret)thatIhadmissedthewonderfulfilm.答案:regretted 所填词由bitterly(副词)修饰,且由从句中hadmissed可知,此处用动词的一般过去时。7.Itis________(disturb)tothinkaboutsomuchworktodo.答案:disturbing disturbing“令人不安的”,在句中作表语。8.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief's________(catch).答案:beingcaught 本句中,leadto后接名词或动名词(短语),且thethief和catch存在被动关系,故填beingcaught,即动名词的被动结构,作leadto的宾语。9.Iamnot________(satisfy)withthewayhecutmyhair.答案:satisfied besatisfiedwith...为固定短语,意为“对……感到满意”。10.Thoughheisyoung,heisstruggling________(support)alargefamily.答案:tosupport struggletodosth.“努力做某事”。三、完形填空Whenyougivethanksforhelp,everyonebenefits.Andthe__1__willlastlongerthanyou'dexpect:researchershavefoundthatwritingthankyounotesraisespeople's__2__levelsforuptosixmonths.“Ifyouexpressgratitudeinadiary,itmakesyouhappier,butifyou__3__itwiththepersonwhohelpedyou,ithasthe__4__tobringyoutwoclosertogether,”saysresearcherJeffTsang.LawyerJohnKralikexperiencedthispersonally.He'dbeenfeelingdepressedand__5__abouthislife:He'dbeendivorcedandwasn't__6__withhischildren.Hefelttiredfromthe__7__hourshedevotedtowork.Ata/an__8__lowpoint,herememberedhisgrandfathertellinghimabouttheimportanceof__9__.Hedecidedtowrite365thankyounotesover365days,hopingfora/an__10__change.Immediately,henoticedhis__11__begintoimprove.“Thefirsteffectsarethat9\nyourealisethatyourlifeismuchbetterthanyouthoughtandyoubecomemorepositive,”Kraliksaysofhis__12__actsofexpressingthanks.__13__byKralik'sexperience,Idecidedtotrythe__14__myself.IchosesomeonefrommypastwhomI'd__15__thankedbefore:mywonderfulhighschoolEnglishteacher.Iwasn'tsureifI'dbeableto__16__him,buteventuallyIfoundwherehelived.Inmyletter,Ithankedhimforthe__17__andsupportthathe'dgivenmeyearsearlier.Imayneverhearfromhim__18__,butthatisn'tthe__19__.Theletterhelpedme__20__mylife,andI'vebeenhappynowformonths.1.A.time      B.thoughtsC.effectsD.relationship2.A.educationB.happinessC.incomeD.health3.A.shareB.completeC.compareD.leave4.A.methodB.desireC.energyD.potential5.A.discouragedB.dishonestC.impatientD.surprised6.A.boredB.strictC.closeD.honest7.A.limitedB.valuableC.delightfulD.long8.A.importantlyB.particularlyC.physicallyD.exactly9.A.forgivenessB.achievementC.gratefulnessD.patience10.A.positiveB.unexpectedC.possibleD.instant11.A.wealthB.attitudeC.positionD.competence12.A.generousB.strangeC.braveD.simple13.A.StruckB.Inspired9\nC.ShockedD.Invited14.A.ideaB.beliefC.letterD.test15.A.nearlyB.frequentlyC.alreadyD.never16.A.rememberB.recogniseC.locateD.reward17.A.degreeB.moneyC.giftD.guidance18.A.inadvanceB.inpublicC.inreturnD.inperson19.A.caseB.pointC.factD.solution20.A.appreciateB.understandC.faceD.review【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们这样一个道理:当你对别人表达出感谢之情时,你会变得更快乐。1.C 考查名词辨折。根据“benefits”并结合第一段可知,此处指感谢别人对自己的影响要比你预想的长久。C项意为“效果,影响”,符合语境。A项意为“时间”;B项意为“想法”;D项意为“关系”,均与语境不符。故答案选C。2.B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,此处指写感谢信可以提高人们的幸福水平。B项意为“幸福”,符合语境。A项意为“教育”;C项意为“收入”;D项意为“健康”,均与语境不符。故答案选B。3.A 考查动词辨析。根据此句中的“bringyoutwoclosertogether”可知,此处指与帮助你的人分享这件事。sharesth.withsb.意为“与某人分享某物”,符合语境。B项意为“完成,实现”;C项意为“比较”;D项意为“离开”,均与语境不符。故答案选A。4.D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,此处指如果你与帮助你的人一起分享感激之情,这就有可能将你们两人之间的距离拉近。D项意为“可能性,潜能”,符合语境。A项意为“方法”;B项意为“欲望”;C项意为“精力”,均与语境不符。故答案选D。5.A 考查形容词辨折。根据该句中的“feelingdepressed”可知,此处应用“discouraged”与“depressed”并列,指他对生活感到沮丧。A项意为“泄气的”,符合语境。B项意为“不诚实的”;C项意为“没有耐心的”;D项意为“感到惊讶的”,均与语境不符。故答案选A。6.C 考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“He'dbeen9\ndivorced”可知,他已经离婚了,并且与孩子也不亲近。C项意为“亲近的,亲密的”,符合语境。A项意为“无聊的”;B项意为“严格的”;D项意为“诚实的”,均与语境不符。故答案选C。7.D 考查形容词辨析。根据“felttiredfrom”可推知,此处指因为长时间的工作,所以他感到疲劳。D项意为“长的”,符合语境。A项意为“有限的”;B项意为“有价值的”;C项意为“高兴的”,均与语境不符。故答案选D。8.B 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知,他离婚了,和孩子也不亲近,而且工作辛苦,所以这是他人生的低谷。B项意为“尤其,特别”,符合语境。A项意为“重要地”;C项意为“身体上”;D项意为“恰恰,正好”,均与语境不符。故答案选B。9.C 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“Hedecidedtowrite365thankyounotes”可知,此处指他记起祖父告诉过他感激的重要性。C项意为“感激”,符合语境。A项意为“原谅”;B项意为“成就”;D项意为“耐心”,均与语境不符。故答案选C。10.A 考查形容词辨析。根据下一段第二句中的“youbecomemorepositive”可知,此处指他希望通过这种方式获得一个积极的改变。A项意为“积极的”,符合语境。B项意为“出人意料的”;C项意为“可能的”;D项意为“立即的”,均与语境不符。故答案选A。11.B 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,这位律师正处于人生的低谷时期,然后通过写感谢信使得他的态度开始改善。B项意为“态度”,符合语境。A项意为“财富”;C项意为“位置”;D项意为“能力”,均与语境不符。故答案选B。12.D 考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“expressingthanks”可知,写感谢信只是表达感谢的一个简单的行为。D项意为“简单的”,符合语境。A项意为“慷慨的”;B项意为“奇怪的”;C项意为“勇敢的”,均与语境不符。故答案选D。13.B 考查动词辨析。根据下文可知,“我”也决定写感谢信了。由此推断出,“我”是受了Kralik的经历的鼓舞。B项意为“鼓舞,激励”,符合语境。故答案选B。14.A 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,“我”决定亲自试试这个想法。A项意为“想法,主意”,符合语境。B项意为“信念”;C项意为“信”;D项意为“测试”,均与语境不符。故答案选A。15.D 考查副词辨析。根据语境可知,“我”不知道这位高中英语老师的地址,所以他是“我”以前从未感谢过的人。D项意为“从未”,符合语境。A项意为“几乎”;B项意为“经常”;C项意为“已经”,均与语境不符。故答案选D。16.C 考查动词辨析。根据“buteventuallyIfoundwherehelived”可知,此处指“我”不知道是否能够找到他。C项意为“找出……的准确位置”,符合语境。A项意为“记得”;B项意为“认出”;D项意为“奖励,奖赏”,均与语境不符。故答案选C。17.D 考查名词辨析。根据语境可知,“我”感谢的对象是“我”的一位高中英语老师,所以“我”应是感谢他给予“我”的指导和帮助。D项意为“指导”,符合语境。A项意为“程度,等级”;B项意为“金钱”;C项意为“礼物”,均与语境不符。故答案选D。9\n18.C 考查介词短语辨析。根据常识可知,“我”写感谢信给多年前的老师,而老师不一定会回信给“我”。C项意为“作出回应”,符合语境。A项意为“提前”;B项意为“公开地”;D项意为“亲自”,均与语境不符。故答案选C。19.B 考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“I'vebeenhappynowformonths”可知,“我”快乐了几个月,所以此处指老师是否回信不是重点。B项意为“重点,要点”,符合语境。A项意为“事例”;C项意为“事实”;D项意为“解决方法”,均与语境不符。故答案选B。20.A 考查动词辨析。联系全文的内容可知,文章主要是关于表达出感谢可以给自己带来快乐,所以此处指这封感谢信帮助“我”感激“我”的生活,“我”为此快乐了几个月。A项意为“感激”,符合语境。B项意为“理解”;C项意为“面对”;D项意为“回顾”,均与语境不符。故答案选A。四、单句改错1.Theyfocusedalltheirattentiontofindingasolutiontotheproblem._____________________________________________________答案:第一个to→on focusone'sattentionon(doing)sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。2.Theyequippedwithtwosharpaxesandsetofffortheforest._____________________________________________________答案:They后加were或equipped后加themselves beequippedwith和equiponeselfwith...“配备有……”。3.SomepeoplesaythatChinesetendtobesatisfyingwithwhattheyhave._____________________________________________________答案:satisfying→satisfied besatisfiedwith“对……感到满意”,主语通常为人。4.Thanksforthesuccessofthebusiness,wecanaffordaholidaythisyear._____________________________________________________答案:for→to thanksto“多亏了;由于”。5.ShewouldrathertobuyherclothesthroughtheInternetthaninthesupermarket._____________________________________________________答案:去掉to wouldratherdoAthandoB“比起做B更愿意做A”。五、短文改错Myfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.Inthemiddleschool,Ijoinedinthe9\nbasketballteam.Alltheteammatepractisedhardafterschool.Onceourteamhadmatchagainstanotherschool's.Attheverybeginning,weweresonervouswhichwecouldn'tcooperateverygood.Becausethiswasthefirsttimeforustocompetewiththeschoolhonor.Inthehalfmatchtheyfellbehind.Ourteamleadercallsustogetherandsaidthatwemustgetunitinginordertobeatthem.Thenwetriedourbestandwonthegameatlast.Playbasketballmakesmerealizetheimportanceofunionandteamwork.【答案】Myfavoritesportisplayingbasketball.Inthemiddleschool,Ijoinedthebasketballteam.Allthepractisedhardafterschool.Onceourteamhadmatchagainstanotherschool's.Attheverybeginning,weweresonervouswecouldn'tcooperatevery.Becausethiswasthefirsttimeforustocompetetheschoolhonor.Inthehalfmatchfellbehind.Ourteamleaderustogetherandsaidthatwemustgetinordertobeatthem.Thenwetriedourbestandwonthegameatlast.basketballmakesmerealizetheimportanceofunionandteamwork.第一处:删除in。考查固定搭配。join后接某个组织,表示加入该组织,此时join为及物动词;joinin通常指参加某项活动。由该句中的team可知,该处用join。第二处:teammate改为teammates。考查名词的复数。根据该句中的All可知,该处的可数名词teammate应当用复数形式。第三处:had后加a。考查不定冠词。有一次我们的篮球队和另外一个学校的篮球队进行了一场比赛。该处泛指“一场比赛”,故用不定冠词a。第四处:which改为that。考查固定句型。分析该句结构可知,该句使用了固定句型“so...that...”,表示“如此……以至于……”。第五处:good改为well。考查副词。cooperate为动词,修饰该动词应当用副词,故用副词well。第六处:with改为for。考查介词。competeforsth.为固定搭配,意为“为……竞争”,该处指“为学校的荣誉而战”,故用介词for。第七处:they改为we。考查人称代词。根据语境可知,此处陈述的是我们参加篮球赛的过程,故用人称代词we。9\n第八处:calls改为called。考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“said”,并结合语境可知,该处陈述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。第九处:uniting改为united。get在此为连系动词,表示“变得,达到”,后跟形容词united,getunited意为“团结起来”。第十处:Play改为Playing。考查动名词。由动词makes可知,该处应用动名词短语作主语,故用Playing。9

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