2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit4Earthquakes含解析新人教版必修1

Earthquakes李仕才一、阅读理解。Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcoolheadeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardreducingthepossibilityofquarrelingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately,moderndriverscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemastertheroadmanship(公路驾车技能)．Yearsago，expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregiveandtake(互谅互让)fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.【解题导语】　随着车辆的增多，很多司机都有可怕的路怒症，甚至不知道什么是文明交通。专家们呼吁，司机应该互谅互让，将文明驾驶牢记在心。1．Thepassagemainlytalksabout．A．trafficjamsB．goodmanners9\nC．roadpolitenessD．moderndriversC　解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句及第三段第一句可知，本文主要围绕道路文明礼貌行为展开论述。故选C项。2．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby．A．trafficjamsB．thebehaviorofthedriversC．thegreatspeedofmodernlifeD．terribleroadconditionsB　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句可知，大家都知道，平时非常绅士的人在开车的时候也会变成一只猛虎。再根据文中对道路上司机们的种种行为的描述可判断，公路上的麻烦主要是由司机的行为引起的，故选B项。3．Accordingtothewriter，agooddrivershould．A．encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywanttoB．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitD．joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeelC　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，在看到礼貌行为时，一个好司机应当能够对此有所认知。故选C项。二、单句语法填空1．I________(trap)intheheavyrainonthewaytoschoolyesterday.答案：wastrapped　betrappedin“被困在……”。2．Aftersheheardthenews,therewasanexcited________(express)onherface.答案：expression　由空前的“anexcited”可知，应填名词expression“表情”。3．WhenafirebrokeoutattheNationalExhibitioninLondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintings________(destroy)．答案：weredestroyed　动词destroy“毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。4．Themeetingcameto________endandhesetdownmanykeypoints.答案：an　cometoanend“结束”。5．Don'tforgettopraisethem________(sincere)whensomeonedoessomethinggood.9\n答案：sincerely　副词sincerely“真诚地”，在此处修饰动词praise。6．Hewasreplacedbyanothermidfielderbecauseofhis________(injure)．答案：injury　由空前的his可知，应填名词injury“受伤；伤害”。7．Thankyouforyourletterconveying________(congratulate)onmyappointment.答案：congratulations　由空前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。congratulation“祝贺”，且常用复数形式。8．Thenewsofthesuddendeathoftheyoungfamouspianistcamethismorning,whichmadehisfans________(shock)．答案：shocked　此处形容词shocked“感到震惊的”作宾语补足语。9．Thegovernmentthinks________(high)ofhisinventionbecauseitwillbenefitthewholecountry.答案：highly　thinkhighlyof“高度评价……”，是固定搭配。10．Inahurry,wearrivedatacabininthemountaintoshelter________therain.答案：from　shelterfromtherain“躲雨”。三、完形填空。Irememberthatitwasafewyearsagothatanoldwomansteppedintomyvideostore，alongwithherdaughter.The__1__wasdisplayingaseriousstateofimpatience，__2__herwatcheveryfewseconds.Ifthedaughterhadpossessedaleash(绳子)，hermotherwouldhavebeen__3__toitasameansofpullingheralongto__4__therushofothershoppers.Walkingover，Iasked__5__Icouldhelpher.Thewomansmiledatmeandshowedmea__6__onapieceofpaper.__7__rushingofftofindtheDVDforthewoman，Iaskedherto__8__withmesoIcouldshowherwhereshecouldfinditandIwantedtoenjoyher__9__foramoment.Aswewalkedalongthebackofthestore，I__10__itsfloorplan(分布图)：oldtelevisionshows,actionmovies,cartoons，sciencefictionfilmsetc.Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushed“trip”and__11__conversation.Isaidtoherdaughter，“__12__someadvice？”“Ofcoursenot，”saidthedaughter.“Cherish__13__，”Isaid.“Whenshe'sgone，it'sthelittle__14__thatcomebacktoyou.Timeslikethis.Iknow.”Itwas__15__.IstillmissedmymomandrememberedthetimeswhenI'dusedmyimpatiencetomakeher__16__.Togethertheymadetheirwaytowardsthestore'srestingarea.Theysatthere9\nforamoment，sidebyside，__17__theholidaycrowds.Thenthedaughterglancedoverandimmediately__18__hermotherlovingly.Andslowlysheplacedherarmwith__19__unaccustomedaffectionaroundhermother'sshouldersand__20__guidedherbackintothecrowd.1．A.merchantB．waitressC．motherD．daughter2．A.fixingB．removingC．checkingD．adjusting3．A.fastenedB．devotedC．accustomedD．applied4．A.breakawayfromB．makewayforC．getalongwithD．keeppacewith5．A.whenB．whetherC．whyD．how6．A.tipB．titleC．ticketD．receipt7．A.ApartfromB．AstoC．RatherthanD．Regardlessof8．A.communicateB．jogC．tradeD．walk9．A.stayB．holidayC．companyD．time10．A.describedB．blamedC．appreciatedD．corrected11．A.casualB．attractiveC．severeD．convincing12．A.PrepareB．MindC．LackD．Offer13．A.herB．meC．herselfD．yourself14．A.feelingsB．presentsC．chancesD．moments15．A.reasonableB．possibleC．trueD．appropriate9\n16．A.desperateB．upsetC．puzzledD．astonished17．A.approachingB．evaluatingC．observingD．expecting18．A.attendedB．foundC．recognizedD．watched19．A.apparentlyB．suddenlyC．basicallyD．gradually20．A.accidentallyB．gentlyC．smoothlyD．randomly【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在音像商店工作时遇到一位老母亲和女儿一起购买DVD，这个女儿行色匆匆，恨不能用绳子拉着行动迟缓的母亲。“我”让这位母亲和“我”一起寻找她想要的DVD，并建议这个女儿要珍惜母亲的陪伴。最后，她挽着母亲，走进人群中……【核心词汇】alongwith...和……一道astateof...一种……状态impatiencen．不耐烦，无耐心　rushoff赶紧去conversationn．会话，交谈　cherish珍爱，爱护sidebyside肩并肩地unaccustomedadj.不习惯的，奇怪的，不寻常的affectionn．影响，喜爱，慈爱，感情1．D　根据上文中的“anoldwomansteppedintomyvideostore,alongwithherdaughter”可知，一位老母亲和她的女儿一起来到“我”的音像商店；结合下文中的“Ifthedaughterhadpossessed...othershoppers”可知，女儿显得很不耐烦，故D项正确。A项意为“商人”；B项意为“女侍者，女服务员”。2．C　根据上文内容以及空处所在句中的“displayingaseriousstateofimpatience”可知，这个女儿显得很不耐烦；据此可以判断，她不停地查看(checking)手表，故选C项。A项意为“固定，修理”；B项意为“移开，去除”；D项意为“调整，校正”。3．A　根据空处所在句中的“Ifthedaughterhadpossessedaleash(绳子)，hermotherwouldhavebeen__3__toitasameansofpullingheralong”可知，如果这个女儿有一根绳子的话，她的母亲将被系在绳子的一头。A项意为“把……系在”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“致力，奉献”；C项意为“使习惯”；D项意为“申请，运用”。4．D　根据上文及空后的“therushofothershoppers”可以判断，如果有绳子，这个女儿将用绳子拉住她的母亲，以赶上(keeppace9\nwith)匆匆的购物人群，故选D项。A项意为“突然挣脱，逃脱”；B项意为“给……让路”；C项意为“与……融洽相处”。5．B　根据该空所在句中的“Iasked__5__Icouldhelpher”可知，空处引导宾语从句，作动词asked的宾语，由“Icouldhelpher”和asked可以判断，“我”问她是否需要帮忙。因此用whether引导该宾语从句，故B项正确。6．B　根据下文中的“findtheDVD”，结合该空所在句“Thewomansmiledatmeandshowedmea__6__onapieceofpaper”可知，这位母亲微笑着递给“我”一张写有名称的纸。B项意为“名称，标题”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“建议”，C项意为“票”，D项意为“收据”，都与语境不符。7．C　根据该空所在句中的“Iaskedherto__8__withmesoIcouldshowherwhereshecouldfindit”可知，“我”让她和“我”一起走(walk)以便“我”能让她知道她在哪里可以找到她需要的DVD；据此可以判断，“我”没有急忙为她寻找。C项意为“而不是”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“除……之外”；B项意为“至于”；D项意为“不管，不顾”。8．D　参见上题解析。下文中的“walked”亦是提示。A项意为“交流”，B项意为“慢跑”，C项意为“交易”，都与语境不符。9．C　根据空后的“Aswewalkedalongthebackofthestore”可知，“我”和她一起走着寻找她需要的DVD；结合该空所在句中的“Iwantedtoenjoyher__9__foramoment”可以判断，“我”想要她陪伴(company)“我”一会儿。A项意为“停留，逗留”；B项意为“假期”。10．A　根据该空所在句中的“itsfloorplan(分布图)：oldtelevisionshows，actionmovies，cartoons，sciencefictionfilmsetc.”可知，“我”向她描述(described)着商店的商品分区情况：老的电视节目、动作片、卡通片以及科幻片等。故A项正确。B项意为“责备”；C项意为“欣赏”；D项意为“纠正”。11．A　根据空前的“Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushed‘trip’”可知，这位母亲对这次并不匆忙的购物过程感到很满意；空处与“theunrushed‘trip’”，相呼应，据此可以判断，该处表示“轻松随意的交谈”。A项意为“轻松的，随意的”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“吸引人的”；C项意为“严厉的，严肃的”；D项意为“使人信服的”。12．B　根据这个女儿的回答“Ofcoursenot”可知，她不介意“我”提出建议；据此可以判断，此处表示“介意我提点建议吗？”B项意为“介意”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“准备”，C项意为“缺乏”，D项意为“提供”，都与语境不符。13．A　根据下文中的“Whenshe'sgone，it's...toyou”可知，如果她的母亲去世了，这是她可以回想起来的时刻；据此可以判断，“我”建议她珍惜她的母亲；空处作宾语，因此用宾格her，故A项正确。9\n14．D　参见上题解析。D项意为“时刻”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“感情”，B项意为“礼物”，C项意为“机会”，都与语境不符。15．C　根据空后的“IstillmissedmymomandrememberedthetimeswhenI'dusedmyimpatiencetomakeher__16__”可知，“我”仍然怀念“我”的母亲，记得“我”用不耐烦让“我”的母亲难过的日子；据此可以判断，“我”对她说的这种情况是真实的(true)。故C项正确。A项意为“合理的”；B项意为“可能的”；D项意为“适当的，恰当的，相称的”。16．B　参见上题解析。B项意为“难过的”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“无望的，不顾一切的”，C项意为“困惑的，无法理解的”，D项意为“惊讶的”，都与语境不符。17．C　根据该空所在句“Theysatthereforamoment，sidebyside，__17__theholidaycrowds”可知，这对母女肩并肩坐着，注视着假日里的人群；C项意为“观察，注视”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“靠近”，B项意为“评估”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。18．D　根据该空所在句“Thenthedaughterglancedoverandimmediately__18__hermotherlovingly”可知，女儿充满爱意地看着她的母亲，D项意为“看着”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“参加”，B项意为“发现”，C项意为“认识”，都与语境不符。19．A　根据该空所在句中的“Andslowlysheplacedherarmwith__19__unaccustomedaffectionaroundhermother'sshoulders”可知，她慢慢地将她的手臂放在母亲的肩膀上，似乎不习惯这种充满爱意的表达。A项意为“似乎”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“突然地”，C项意为“基本地，主要地”，D项意为“逐渐地”，都与语境不符。20．B　根据语境及该空所在句中的“guidedherbackintothecrowd”可知，她慢慢地将她的手臂放在母亲的肩膀上，然后温柔地(gently)领着她的母亲走进人群。故B项正确。A项意为“偶然地，附带地，意外地”；C项意为“平滑地，平稳地，流畅地，顺利地”；D项意为“任意地，胡乱地，随便地”。四、单句改错1．Thestonewassoheavyforhimtomove,sohecalledhisfriendstohelp.________________________________________________________答案：第一个so→too　too...todo“太……而不能”。2．Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,buriedherheadinthebookinherhands.________________________________________________________答案：buried→burying　此处burying是现在分词作伴随状语。3．Judgedfromhisappearance,heseemstoberich.________________________________________________________9\n答案：Judged→Judging　judgingfrom...“由……来判断”。4．Ithinktherearethenumberofopportunitiestogetmoreenergy.________________________________________________________答案：the→a　anumberofopportunities“许多机会”。5．ThenewsthatDonaldTrumpwaselectedPresidentoftheUSAmadethewholeworldextremeshocked.________________________________________________________答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副词“极其，非常”，此处修饰形容词shocked。五、短文改错Lifeisfullofvariousexperiences，someofthemareunforgettable.Istillrememberthehikingexperienceswithmyclassmatesfor16kmayearlater.Thatsummerday，wesetoffearlyinthemorning，thinkitwouldbegreatfuntowalkforsolongadistance.However，withtheweatherisgettinghotterandhotter，Ifoundtheirlegsheavierandheavier.What'sworse，myfeetbeganbleedingbecauselongtimepressingagainsttheshoes.Atonepoint，Ievenwantedtogiveup.ButImanagetodragtherestofthewaytothedestination.Thoughnotpleasant,thisjourneywasimpressiveorrewarding.Ihavelearntthatlifeisalongjourneylikethis.Nomatterwhathappened，weshouldnevergiveup.【答案】Lifeisfullofvariousexperiences，someofareunforgettable.Istillrememberthehikingwithmyclassmatesfor16kmayear.Thatsummerday，wesetoffearlyinthemorning，itwouldbegreatfuntowalkforsolongadistance.However，withtheweathergettinghotterandhotter，Ifoundlegsheavierandheavier.What'sworse，myfeetbeganbleedingbecauselongtimepressingagainsttheshoes.Atonepoint，Ievenwantedtogiveup.ButItodragtherestofthewaytothedestination.Thoughnotpleasant,thisjourneywasimpressiverewarding.Ihavelearntthatlifeisalongjourneylikethis.Nomatterwhat，weshouldnevergiveup.9\n第一处：them改为which。考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作宾语，先行词为experiences。第二处：experiences改为experience。考查名词。根据“thehiking”和下文内容可知，此处特指具体的一次徒步体验，故用单数形式。第三处：later改为ago。考查副词。根据上文中的“remember”可知，此处作者表达对过去的回忆，故用副词ago。第四处：think改为thinking。考查非谓语动词。think和句子谓语setoff之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且think和句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。第五处：删除weather后的is。考查with复合结构。with＋名词或代词＋非谓语、形容词、副词或介词短语，即with的复合结构，在句子中作状语，符合语境，故删除weather后的is。第六处：their改为my。考查代词。与句子主语I呼应可知，应用形容词性物主代词my作定语。第七处：because后加of。考查介词。因为“longtimepressingagainsttheshoes”是名词短语，其前用“becauseof”。故在because后加of。第八处：manages改为managed。考查动词时态。与上文的“wanted”呼应可知，此处用一般过去时，是对过去经历的回忆。第九处：or改为and。考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示并列关系，而非选择关系，故把or改为and。第十处：happened改为happens。考查动词时态。与上文的“is”呼应可知，此处用一般现在时，表示客观情况。9