2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit3Traveljournal含解析新人教版必修1

Unit3Traveljournal李仕才一、阅读理解。Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwo­thirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstorisingdemandformeat,milkandeggs.Theresearcherswarnthedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibiotics­resistant(耐抗生素的)infections.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates.   Expertssaywhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.IncreasingprosperityinAsiahasmeantpeoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkanddairyproductsastheydid50yearsago.   Tomeetthatdemand,farmshaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,oftentheeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.It’sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyinacrowdedenvironmentandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually,andtheantibiotics-resistantbacteriacanspreadtopeople.   Doctorsfindthatantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerdo.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightthemedicine.Doctorssaytheheavyuseofantibioticsinanimalsisoneofseveralreasonsforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.IntheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetdrug-resistantinfectionseachyear.Atleast23,000diefromaninfection.   RamananLaxminarayanheadstheCenterforDiseaseDynamics,EconomicsandPolicy.Hesaystheproblemisexpectedtogetworse.Hebelievestheuseofantibioticsinanimalswillsoonincreasesharply.Hesaysthatwillnotbegoodforhumanhealth.Heandotherresearcherswroteareportonthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofSciences.Theyuseddata9\nfromtheUnitedNationsthattellhowandwherelivestock(牲畜)areraisedtoday.Theythenpredictedhowsuchproductionwouldchangeby2030.   Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndsheaddstheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtokeepfarmanimalshealthy.B.Theabuseofantibioticsinhumanbeings.C.Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals.D.Thedisadvantagesofusingantibiotics.2.Fromhepassage,wecaninferthatusingantibioticstooofteninfarmanimals______.A.willleadtoanimals'beinglessactiveB.causesanimalstogetinfectedmoreeasilyC.makesantibiotic-resistantbacteriaspreadtopeopleD.hasanegativeeffectonthegrowthofanimals3.Whataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimals?A.Theincreasingneedformeat.B.Theneedforeatingdiversely.C.Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.D.Thelimitedfarmtechnology.4.HowwilltheuseofantibioticsinanimalsaccordingtoRamananLaxminarayan?A.Itwillsoonstoprising.B.Itwillsoonincreasesharply.C.Itwillsoonrisesteadily.D.Itwillsoonincreaseslowly.参考答案：1.D;2.C;3.A;4.B解析：1.[纵观全文便知,文章主要介绍了人们使用抗生素来饲养家畜带来的缺点。如第一段:Theresearcherswarnthedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibioticsresistant(耐抗生素的)infections.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnited9\nStates和第五段等可得答案。]2.[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句:Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually,andtheantibioticsresistantbacteriacanspreadtopeople可得答案。]3.[事实判断题。根据第一段:Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstorisingdemandformeat,milkandeggs和第二段:Expertssaywhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.]二、单句语法填空1．ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmoredetermined________(do)something.答案：todo　bedeterminedtodosth.“下定决心做某事”。2．TheWorldHealth________(organize)sayshalfofthemwilldieiftheyarenottreated.答案：Organization　organization“组织”，theWorldHealthOrganization“世界卫生组织”。3．Butthatisnot________manypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.答案：what　havesth.inmind“心里记着某事”，设空处是引导表语从句的连接词，在从句中作宾语，故填what。4．NothavingpersuadedHelen________(change)hermind,herparentshadnochoicebuttoallowhertogotoChinatotravelalone.答案：tochange　persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”。5．Thegovernment'sattitude________thedevelopmentoftheflyingcarisfavorable.答案：to/toward(s)　attitudeto/toward(s)...“对……的态度”。6．Igraduatedfromuniversitytwentyyearsagoand________(teach)inamiddleschooleversince.答案：havetaught　eversince“自从……以来”，与现在完成时连用。7．ShegotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginally________(schedule)．答案：scheduled　thanoriginallyscheduled“比起早先的安排”，此处than是连词，其后是比较状语从句，从句主语为it，谓语为was，省略主语和谓语后只剩scheduled。8．One________(advantage)oflivinginthetownisshortofsafeplacesforthechildrentoplay.答案：disadvantage　由isshortof...9\n可知，此处在谈论“生活在小镇的缺点”，因此填disadvantage“劣势；缺点”。9．Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he's________(rely)．答案：reliable　此处形容词reliable“可靠的；可信赖的”，在句中作表语。10．Theystudiedthequestion________(care)beforetheymadethedecision.答案：carefully　此处副词carefully修饰动词studied。三、完形填空。Mymotherwasaresponsibleteacherandsheretired.SoIdecidedtogiveheroneofmyoldcomputerstohelpherpassthetime.Shehadalittlebitofcomputer__1__，soIjustsetitupforherandlether__2__withitonherown.Astimewenton，I__3__thecomputerwashardlytouched.Shesaidshedidn'tknow__4__touseit.Idecidedtoteachher.Isatand__5__everythingandsheseemedOKwithwhatIsaid.Unfortunately，mysistercalledmeatthatmoment__6__wetalkedonthephoneforanhour.ThenwhenIsawheragain，shewassittinginfrontofthecomputer，lookingquite__7__.Thescreensaver(屏幕保护程序)hadappearedandshedidn'tknowhowto__8__itoff.Shehadtried__9__everykeyanditdidn'twork.Itoldher，“Just__10__themousealittle.”WhatImeantwasthatshejustneededtomovethemousearoundto__11__thecomputerup.Whatshedidwasto__12__themouseandstartshakingitaroundinmidairuntilthe__13__wentcompletelyblack.Icouldn'thelplaughingbecauseofherfunny__14__.ThemoreIlaughedthe__15__shegot.ShethoughtthatIwasa(n)__16__teacherandshedecidedtofigurethethingoutherself.Well，atleastIhelpedherovercomeher__17__ofbreakingsomethingandencouragedherto__18__alittle.Aboutaweeklater，Ifoundahomemade__19__cardwithamouseonthefrontmakingafunnyface__20__tomydoor.Itsaid，“Thanksforthecomputerlessons.Love，Mom.”1．A.theory　　　　　B．knowledgeC．technologyD．history2．A.watchB．trainC．playD．see3．A.foundB．heardC．thoughtD．ignored4．A.whyB．when9\nC．howD．where5．A.learnedB．describedC．explainedD．discussed6．A.andB．butC．becauseD．since7．A.amusingB．relaxedC．interestingD．discouraged8．A.getB．breakC．cutD．turn9．A.hittingB．feelingC．changingD．removing10．A.hangB．shakeC．rubD．push11．A.cleanB．wakeC．bringD．take12．A.putupB．cutoffC．pickupD．putaway13．A.screenB．curtainC．coverD．window14．A.adjustmentB．imitationC．expressionD．action15．A.ruderB．happierC．angrierD．better16．A.impatientB．humorousC．carefulD．helpful17．A.sadnessB．pressureC．fearD．depression18．A.replyB．observeC．answerD．experiment19．A.invitingB．greetingC．shoppingD．birthday20．A.appearedB．stuckC．combinedD．printed【解题导语】该文主要讲述了作者教退休的母亲玩电脑的有趣故事。9\n1．B　根据下文中的“Shesaidshedidn'tknow__4__touseit.Idecidedtoteachher”可推知，作者的母亲对电脑所知甚少，此处指电脑知识(knowledge)。2．C　根据上文中的“SoIdecidedtogiveheroneofmyoldcomputerstohelpherpassthetime”可知，作者给母亲一台自己的旧电脑是让退休的母亲自己玩。playwith...“玩……”。3．A　随着时间的推移，作者发现(found)电脑几乎没被碰过。4．C　根据下文中的“Idecidedtoteachher”可推知，母亲并不知道怎么(how)使用电脑，于是作者决定教她。5．C　根据空处前一句“Idecidedtoteachher”和空后的“andsheseemedOKwithwhatIsaid”可推知，作者给母亲讲解(explained)了相关的电脑知识。6．A　根据语境可知，空处应填连词and，表示“然后，接着”。7．D　结合语境可推知，母亲不会玩电脑，感到很泄气(discouraged)。8．D　根据空前的“Thescreensaver(屏幕保护程序)hadappeared”及常识可推知，电脑出现屏幕保护程序，母亲不知道怎么把它关掉。turnoff“关掉”。9．A　根据空后的“anditdidn'twork”可推知，母亲因为不懂得怎么关掉屏幕保护程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一个键。10．B　根据语境可推知，作者教母亲稍微晃动(shake)鼠标即可。下文中的“startshakingit”也是提示。11．B　根据语境可推知，作者是让母亲移动鼠标，唤醒电脑。wakeup“唤醒”，符合语境。12．C　根据空后的“startshakingitaroundinmidair”可推知，母亲听了作者的话就把鼠标拿起来(pickup)，在空中摇晃。13．A　根据语境可推知，母亲不会玩电脑，拿着鼠标乱晃，结果电脑屏幕(screen)全黑了。14．D　根据语境可知，作者被母亲搞笑的行为(action)给逗乐了。15．C　根据语境可知，作者越笑，母亲越生气(angrier)。16．A　根据空后的“shedecidedtofigurethethingoutherself”可推知，身为老师的母亲对作者教自己玩电脑这件事很有看法，认为作者没有耐心(impatient)。17．C　根据语境可推知，作者帮助母亲走出了害怕(fear)损坏东西的阴影，鼓励母亲再尝试一下。18．D　参见上题解析。experiment“尝试”，符合语境。19．B　根据语境可知，母亲自己制作了一张贺卡(greetingcard)，对作者表示感谢。20．B　根据语境可知，此处指卡片贴在了作者的门上。stickto...意为“粘/贴在……”。9\n四、单句改错1．Ifyoustandhere,you'llgetbetterviewoftheriver.________________________________________________________答案：get后加a　getabetterviewof...“更好地看到……”，view“风景”，为可数名词。2．Ourteacherinsistedthatthekeywordsworthpayingattentiontobeingunderlinedbeforeclass.________________________________________________________答案：being→be　动词insist表“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句中谓语动词应使用“(should＋)动词原形”的结构。3．Theoldmanwasstillingoodhealth.Hepreferredtoworkinthegardenratherthansatidly.________________________________________________________答案：sat→sit　prefertodoAratherthandoB“宁愿做A而不愿做B”，ratherthan后要接动词原形。4．Inmyviews,thereisnoneedtocaretoomuchaboutyourclothes.________________________________________________________答案：views→view　inone'sview“依某人看”，是固定短语。5．AlthoughMrLiwasill,hestillwenttoworkontimeasusually.________________________________________________________答案：usually→usual　asusual“像往常一样”，是固定搭配。五、七选五TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.　1　Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.　2　Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.9\nSowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringpersonssurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.　3　 Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.　4　Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.　5　Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。1.F【解析】选项F中的＂weighrisksandrewards＂与上文的＂weightheriskandthereward＂相呼应，故F项符合语境。2.C【解析】选项C中的＂Beingbetteratthosethings＂与上文的＂werebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring＂相呼应，因此选C。 3.A【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项＂这完全是由你的性格决定的＂符合语境。9\n 4.E【解析】根据上文的＂yourwillingness...teenageyears＂及下文的＂hungerfornewexperiences...＂可知E项符合语境。 5.G【解析】根据空后的＂Fortherisk-seekers...becomesactive＂可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。9