2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit3Traveljournal含解析新人教版必修1
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Unit3Traveljournal李仕才一、阅读理解。Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwo­thirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstorisingdemandformeat,milkandeggs.Theresearcherswarnthedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibiotics­resistant(耐抗生素的)infections.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates. Expertssaywhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.IncreasingprosperityinAsiahasmeantpeoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkanddairyproductsastheydid50yearsago. Tomeetthatdemand,farmshaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,oftentheeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.It’sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyinacrowdedenvironmentandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually,andtheantibiotics-resistantbacteriacanspreadtopeople. Doctorsfindthatantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerdo.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightthemedicine.Doctorssaytheheavyuseofantibioticsinanimalsisoneofseveralreasonsforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.IntheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetdrug-resistantinfectionseachyear.Atleast23,000diefromaninfection. RamananLaxminarayanheadstheCenterforDiseaseDynamics,EconomicsandPolicy.Hesaystheproblemisexpectedtogetworse.Hebelievestheuseofantibioticsinanimalswillsoonincreasesharply.Hesaysthatwillnotbegoodforhumanhealth.Heandotherresearcherswroteareportonthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheProceedingsofthe NationalAcademyofSciences.Theyuseddata9\nfromtheUnitedNationsthattellhowandwherelivestock(牲畜)areraisedtoday.Theythenpredictedhowsuchproductionwouldchangeby2030. Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndsheaddstheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtokeepfarmanimalshealthy.B.Theabuseofantibioticsinhumanbeings.C.Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals.D.Thedisadvantagesofusingantibiotics.2.Fromhepassage,wecaninferthatusingantibioticstooofteninfarmanimals______.A.willleadtoanimals'beinglessactiveB.causesanimalstogetinfectedmoreeasilyC.makesantibiotic-resistantbacteriaspreadtopeopleD.hasanegativeeffectonthegrowthofanimals3.Whataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimals?A.Theincreasingneedformeat.B.Theneedforeatingdiversely.C.Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.D.Thelimitedfarmtechnology.4.HowwilltheuseofantibioticsinanimalsaccordingtoRamananLaxminarayan?A.Itwillsoonstoprising.B.Itwillsoonincreasesharply.C.Itwillsoonrisesteadily.D.Itwillsoonincreaseslowly.参考答案:1.D;2.C;3.A;4.B解析:1.[纵观全文便知,文章主要介绍了人们使用抗生素来饲养家畜带来的缺点。如第一段:Theresearcherswarnthedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibioticsresistant(耐抗生素的)infections.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnited9\nStates和第五段等可得答案。]2.[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句:Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually,andtheantibioticsresistantbacteriacanspreadtopeople可得答案。]3.[事实判断题。根据第一段:Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstorisingdemandformeat,milkandeggs和第二段:Expertssaywhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.]二、单句语法填空1.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmoredetermined________(do)something.答案:todo bedeterminedtodosth.“下定决心做某事”。2.TheWorldHealth________(organize)sayshalfofthemwilldieiftheyarenottreated.答案:Organization organization“组织”,theWorldHealthOrganization“世界卫生组织”。3.Butthatisnot________manypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.答案:what havesth.inmind“心里记着某事”,设空处是引导表语从句的连接词,在从句中作宾语,故填what。4.NothavingpersuadedHelen________(change)hermind,herparentshadnochoicebuttoallowhertogotoChinatotravelalone.答案:tochange persuadesb.todosth.“劝说某人做某事”。5.Thegovernment'sattitude________thedevelopmentoftheflyingcarisfavorable.答案:to/toward(s) attitudeto/toward(s)...“对……的态度”。6.Igraduatedfromuniversitytwentyyearsagoand________(teach)inamiddleschooleversince.答案:havetaught eversince“自从……以来”,与现在完成时连用。7.ShegotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginally________(schedule).答案:scheduled thanoriginallyscheduled“比起早先的安排”,此处than是连词,其后是比较状语从句,从句主语为it,谓语为was,省略主语和谓语后只剩scheduled。8.One________(advantage)oflivinginthetownisshortofsafeplacesforthechildrentoplay.答案:disadvantage 由isshortof...9\n可知,此处在谈论“生活在小镇的缺点”,因此填disadvantage“劣势;缺点”。9.Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he's________(rely).答案:reliable 此处形容词reliable“可靠的;可信赖的”,在句中作表语。10.Theystudiedthequestion________(care)beforetheymadethedecision.答案:carefully 此处副词carefully修饰动词studied。三、完形填空。Mymotherwasaresponsibleteacherandsheretired.SoIdecidedtogiveheroneofmyoldcomputerstohelpherpassthetime.Shehadalittlebitofcomputer__1__,soIjustsetitupforherandlether__2__withitonherown.Astimewenton,I__3__thecomputerwashardlytouched.Shesaidshedidn'tknow__4__touseit.Idecidedtoteachher.Isatand__5__everythingandsheseemedOKwithwhatIsaid.Unfortunately,mysistercalledmeatthatmoment__6__wetalkedonthephoneforanhour.ThenwhenIsawheragain,shewassittinginfrontofthecomputer,lookingquite__7__.Thescreensaver(屏幕保护程序)hadappearedandshedidn'tknowhowto__8__itoff.Shehadtried__9__everykeyanditdidn'twork.Itoldher,“Just__10__themousealittle.”WhatImeantwasthatshejustneededtomovethemousearoundto__11__thecomputerup.Whatshedidwasto__12__themouseandstartshakingitaroundinmidairuntilthe__13__wentcompletelyblack.Icouldn'thelplaughingbecauseofherfunny__14__.ThemoreIlaughedthe__15__shegot.ShethoughtthatIwasa(n)__16__teacherandshedecidedtofigurethethingoutherself.Well,atleastIhelpedherovercomeher__17__ofbreakingsomethingandencouragedherto__18__alittle.Aboutaweeklater,Ifoundahomemade__19__cardwithamouseonthefrontmakingafunnyface__20__tomydoor.Itsaid,“Thanksforthecomputerlessons.Love,Mom.”1.A.theory B.knowledgeC.technologyD.history2.A.watchB.trainC.playD.see3.A.foundB.heardC.thoughtD.ignored4.A.whyB.when9\nC.howD.where5.A.learnedB.describedC.explainedD.discussed6.A.andB.butC.becauseD.since7.A.amusingB.relaxedC.interestingD.discouraged8.A.getB.breakC.cutD.turn9.A.hittingB.feelingC.changingD.removing10.A.hangB.shakeC.rubD.push11.A.cleanB.wakeC.bringD.take12.A.putupB.cutoffC.pickupD.putaway13.A.screenB.curtainC.coverD.window14.A.adjustmentB.imitationC.expressionD.action15.A.ruderB.happierC.angrierD.better16.A.impatientB.humorousC.carefulD.helpful17.A.sadnessB.pressureC.fearD.depression18.A.replyB.observeC.answerD.experiment19.A.invitingB.greetingC.shoppingD.birthday20.A.appearedB.stuckC.combinedD.printed【解题导语】该文主要讲述了作者教退休的母亲玩电脑的有趣故事。9\n1.B 根据下文中的“Shesaidshedidn'tknow__4__touseit.Idecidedtoteachher”可推知,作者的母亲对电脑所知甚少,此处指电脑知识(knowledge)。2.C 根据上文中的“SoIdecidedtogiveheroneofmyoldcomputerstohelpherpassthetime”可知,作者给母亲一台自己的旧电脑是让退休的母亲自己玩。playwith...“玩……”。3.A 随着时间的推移,作者发现(found)电脑几乎没被碰过。4.C 根据下文中的“Idecidedtoteachher”可推知,母亲并不知道怎么(how)使用电脑,于是作者决定教她。5.C 根据空处前一句“Idecidedtoteachher”和空后的“andsheseemedOKwithwhatIsaid”可推知,作者给母亲讲解(explained)了相关的电脑知识。6.A 根据语境可知,空处应填连词and,表示“然后,接着”。7.D 结合语境可推知,母亲不会玩电脑,感到很泄气(discouraged)。8.D 根据空前的“Thescreensaver(屏幕保护程序)hadappeared”及常识可推知,电脑出现屏幕保护程序,母亲不知道怎么把它关掉。turnoff“关掉”。9.A 根据空后的“anditdidn'twork”可推知,母亲因为不懂得怎么关掉屏幕保护程序,于是就按(hitting)了每一个键。10.B 根据语境可推知,作者教母亲稍微晃动(shake)鼠标即可。下文中的“startshakingit”也是提示。11.B 根据语境可推知,作者是让母亲移动鼠标,唤醒电脑。wakeup“唤醒”,符合语境。12.C 根据空后的“startshakingitaroundinmidair”可推知,母亲听了作者的话就把鼠标拿起来(pickup),在空中摇晃。13.A 根据语境可推知,母亲不会玩电脑,拿着鼠标乱晃,结果电脑屏幕(screen)全黑了。14.D 根据语境可知,作者被母亲搞笑的行为(action)给逗乐了。15.C 根据语境可知,作者越笑,母亲越生气(angrier)。16.A 根据空后的“shedecidedtofigurethethingoutherself”可推知,身为老师的母亲对作者教自己玩电脑这件事很有看法,认为作者没有耐心(impatient)。17.C 根据语境可推知,作者帮助母亲走出了害怕(fear)损坏东西的阴影,鼓励母亲再尝试一下。18.D 参见上题解析。experiment“尝试”,符合语境。19.B 根据语境可知,母亲自己制作了一张贺卡(greetingcard),对作者表示感谢。20.B 根据语境可知,此处指卡片贴在了作者的门上。stickto...意为“粘/贴在……”。9\n四、单句改错1.Ifyoustandhere,you'llgetbetterviewoftheriver.________________________________________________________答案:get后加a getabetterviewof...“更好地看到……”,view“风景”,为可数名词。2.Ourteacherinsistedthatthekeywordsworthpayingattentiontobeingunderlinedbeforeclass.________________________________________________________答案:being→be 动词insist表“坚决要求”时,其后宾语从句中谓语动词应使用“(should+)动词原形”的结构。3.Theoldmanwasstillingoodhealth.Hepreferredtoworkinthegardenratherthansatidly.________________________________________________________答案:sat→sit prefertodoAratherthandoB“宁愿做A而不愿做B”,ratherthan后要接动词原形。4.Inmyviews,thereisnoneedtocaretoomuchaboutyourclothes.________________________________________________________答案:views→view inone'sview“依某人看”,是固定短语。5.AlthoughMrLiwasill,hestillwenttoworkontimeasusually.________________________________________________________答案:usually→usual asusual“像往常一样”,是固定搭配。五、七选五TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking. 1 Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring. 2 Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.9\nSowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringpersonssurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit. 3 Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears. 4 Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell. 5 Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thus,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文,作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。1.F【解析】选项F中的"weighrisksandrewards"与上文的"weightheriskandthereward"相呼应,故F项符合语境。2.C【解析】选项C中的"Beingbetteratthosethings"与上文的"werebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring"相呼应,因此选C。 3.A【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格,因此你可能喜欢赛车,或者讨厌赛车,故A项"这完全是由你的性格决定的"符合语境。9\n 4.E【解析】根据上文的"yourwillingness...teenageyears"及下文的"hungerfornewexperiences..."可知E项符合语境。 5.G【解析】根据空后的"Fortherisk-seekers...becomesactive"可知,此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应,故G项符合语境。9
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