2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit3Traveljournal含解析新人教版必修1

3Traveljournal李仕才***阅读理解Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).GMfoodsdevelopfromgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(有机体),whichhavehadspecificchangesintroducedintotheirDNAbygeneticengineeringtechniques.Thesetechniquesaremuchmoreprecisewhereanorganismisexposedtochemicalstocreateanonspecificbutstablechange.Formanypeople,thehightechproductionraisesallkindsofenvironmental,ethical,healthandsafetyproblems.Particularlyincountrieswithlongfarmingtraditions,theideaseemsagainstnature.Infact,GMfoodsarealreadyverymuchapartofourlives.Theywerefirstputonthemarketin1996.AthirdofthecornandmorethanhalfthecottongrownintheU.S.lastyearwastheproductofbiotechnology,accordingtotheDepartmentofAgriculture.Morethan65millionacresofgeneticallymodifiedcropswillbeplantedintheUSthisyear. Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.Inwealthycountries,thedebateaboutbiotechisnotsofiercebythefactthattheyhavealargenumberoffoodstochoosefrom,andasupplythatgoesbeyondtheneeds.Indevelopingcountriesdesperatetofeedfastgrowingandunderfedpopulations,thematterissimplerandmuchmoreurgent:dothebenefitsofbiotechoutweightherisks?Thestatisticsonpopulationgrowthandhungeraredisturbing.Lastyeartheworld'spopulationreached6billion.TheUNstatesthatnearly800millionpeoplearoundtheworldareunhealthy.About400millionwomenofchildbearingagedon'thaveenoughiron,whichmeanstheirbabiesareexposedtovariousbirthdefeats.Asmanyas100millionchildrensufferfromvitaminAdeficiency,aleadingcauseofblindness.Howcanbiotechhelp?Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.Biotechnologistshavedevelopedgeneticallymodifiedriceandtheyareworkingonotherkindsofnutritionallyimprovedcrops.8\nBiotechcanalsoimprovefarmingproductivityinplaceswherefoodshortagesarecausedbycropdamageattributabletodrought,poorsoilandcropviruses.1.Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A.theworld'sfoodproblemB.thedevelopmentinbiotechC.thegeneticallymodifiedfoodsD.thewaytosolvefoodshortages2.Accordingtothepassage,GMfoods________.A.willreplacenaturallygrownfoodsB.arefarbetterthannaturallygrownfoodsC.mayhelptosolvetheproblemofpoornutritionD.cancauseserioustroubleindevelopingcountries3.Theunderlinedsentence“Thegeneticgenieisoutofthebottle.”inParagraph2probablymeansthat________.A.GMfoodsareavailableeverywhereB.thetechnologyinproducingGMfoodsisadvancedC.genetictechnologymayhaveuncontrollablepowersD.genetictechnologyhascomeoutoflaboratoriesintomarkets4.What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsGMfoods?A.Enthusiastic.B.Cautious.C.Disapproving.D.Unbelievable.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了转基因食品及其对人类生活的影响。1.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetalkingaboutgeneticallymodifiedfoods(GMfoods).”可知，本文主要介绍的是转基因食品。2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Geneticengineeringiswidelyusedtoproduceplantsandanimalswithbetternutritionalvalues.”可知，转基因食品有助于解决营养不良问题。8\n4.B【解析】观点态度题。根据第三段中的“However,likeanynewproductenteringthefoodchain,GMfoodsmustbesubjectedtocarefultesting.”可知，作者认为转基因食品进入市场前需要严格的检测，由此可见作者对转基因食品的态度是谨慎的。***语法填空Overtheyears,Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoof__1__mostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters,JoanandBernice,__2__wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.Itwasalwaysa__3__(pleasant)tovisitthesetwosisters.Justbeinggreetedatthedoorwasajoy.Theycouldn'tbe__4__(happy)whenseeingme.Ialwaysheardaboutthepeoplewhoweretherebeforeme.Everyperson__5__(talk)aboutinapositiveway.Theconversationwouldgosomethinglikethis,“Oh,Kay,soandsowashereyesterday,she__6__(be)just‘thesaltoftheearth’，isn'tshe?”Theothersisterwouldreply,“Oh,yes!Youjustcan'tbelieve__7__wonderfulsheis.”Ineverheardtheysaidanegativewordaboutanyone.NEVER!Iunderstoodwhythesetwohadsomuchcompanywhenotherpeoplecomplainedthatnoonecaredabout__8__(they).Itwastheirattitude__9__people.Therewasnodoubtthatwhenthenextpersoncametovisit,hewasgoingtohearhowIwas“thesaltoftheearth”．Whatawonderfulexamplethesetwoelderlysistersweretome!Iwillalwaysbe__10__(thank)thatIhadtheopportunitytoknowthem.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。全文主要介绍了作者所认识的一对很有趣且极具正能量的姐妹的故事。1．the　考查冠词。由空后的“mostinteresting”的提示可知，此处为形容词的最高级，应用定冠词修饰。2．whose　考查定语从句的引导词。whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语，先行词为JoanandBernice。3．pleasure　考查词性转换。结合语境和冠词a的提示可知，此处应用名词形式。4．happier　考查形容词的比较级。否定词与比较级连用表达最高级含义，与上文的joy呼应。5．wastalked　考查动词的时态和语态。由语境可知，Everyperson和talk之间是被动关系；再由前一句的时态可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。8\n6．is　考查动词的时态。由附加问句“isn'tshe？”可知，此处应用is。7．how　考查宾语从句的连接词。how引导宾语从句且在从句中修饰形容词wonderful。8．them　考查代词。介词about后应跟代词的宾格形式且表示“他们”，故填them。9．toward(s)/to　考查介词。attitudetoward(s)/tosb.意为“对某人的态度”，符合语义。10．thankful　考查词性转换。be动词后一般跟形容词作表语，故此处用形容词形式。***完形填空Fallingoffaboxcarandlandingonmyhead，IlostmysightwhenIwasfouryearsold.NowIamthirtytwo.Ican__1__rememberthebrightnessofsunshine.Itwouldbewonderfultoseeagain，__2__atragedycandostrangethingstopeople.It__3__tomethatImightnothavecometolovelifeasIdonowifIhadn'tbeenblind.Myparentsandmyteachersawsomething__4__me，andtheymademewantto__5__againstblindness.Thehardest__6__Ihadtolearnwastobelieveinmyself.IfIhadn'tbeenabletodothat，Iwouldhave__7__downfortherestofmylife.WhenIsay__8__inmyselfIamnottalkingabout__9__thekindofselfconfidencethat__10__medownanunfamiliarstaircase(楼梯)alone.ButImeansomethingbiggerthanthat：theassurancethatIamarealpositiveperson__11__imperfections.Ittookmeyearstoobtainthis__12__.Ithadtostartwiththe__13__.Onceamangavemeanindoor__14__.“Ican'tusethis，”Isaid.“Takeitwithyou，”he__15__me，“androllitaround.”The__16__stuckinmyhead.“Rollitaround！”ByrollingtheballIcouldhearwhereitwent.ThisgavemeanideahowtoachieveagoalIhadthought__17__.AttheSchoolfortheBlindI__18__anewkindofbaseballcalledthe“groundball”．AllmylifeIhavesetaseriesofgoalsandthentriedtoreachthem，oneatatime.Ihadtolearnmy__19__.IwouldfailsometimesanywaybutontheaverageImade__20__.1．A.randomlyB．abruptlyC．roughlyD．completely2．A.soB．butC．thusD．and3．A.occurredB．referredC．broughtD．turned8\n4．A.ofB．forC．toD．in5．A.getB．fightC．findD．drop6．A.methodB．experienceC．lessonD．manner7．A.brokenB．putC．settledD．lay8．A.courageB．ambitionC．beliefD．power9．A.firmlyB．simplyC．fairlyD．slightly10．A.stopsB．helpsC．findsD．gives11．A.despiteB．besidesC．withoutD．unlike12．A.descriptionB．existenceC．accusationD．recognition13．A.intelligenceB．incidentC．troubleD．determination14．A.chairB．baseballC．gameD．design15．A.urgedB．blamedC．greetedD．teased16．A.goalsB．wordsC．imagesD．ideas17．A.valuableB．reasonableC．impossibleD．unbearable18．A.discoveredB．equippedC．formedD．invented19．A.limitationsB．advantagesC．puzzlesD．personalities20．A.senseB．progressC．mistakesD．decisions8\n【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了“我”在四岁的时候失去了视力，但通过一件小事，“我”学会了自信，并逐渐取得进步的过程。【核心词汇】tragedy悲剧　imperfection缺点ontheaverage一般来说　roughly粗略地1．C　考查副词。“我”四岁时失去视力，现在已经三十二岁了。由此可推知，此处表示“我”粗略地记得，故选C。roughly“粗略地，大致上”。2．B　考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文之间是转折关系，故选B。3．A　考查动词。“我”想到如果“我”没有失明“我”可能不会像现在这样热爱生活。Itoccurstosb.that...为固定句型，意为“某人想到……”。4．D　考查介词。“我”父母以及老师看到了“我”内在的一些东西，他们让“我”想要与失明作斗争。根据语境可知，此处应选D。5．B　考查动词。参见上题解析。fightagainst...“与……作斗争”。6．C　考查名词。“我”学到的最困难的一课(lesson)就是要相信“我”自己。7．A　考查动词。如果“我”做不到那样的话，“我”可能已经精神崩溃了。breakdown“(在健康或精神等方面)垮掉”。8．C　考查名词。根据上文中的“tobelieveinmyself”可知，此处应选C项与上文相照应。9．B　考查副词。“我”说的信心并不仅仅(simply)指帮助(helps)“我”走下陌生楼梯的自信。10．B　考查动词。参见上题解析。11．A　考查介词。尽管“我”是一个不完美的人，但是“我”是一个积极的人。despite“尽管”，符合语境。12．D　考查名词。“我”花了很多年才认识到这一点。A项意为“描述”；B项意为“存在”；C项意为“控告”；D项意为“认识”。13．B　考查名词。这从一件小事开始。A项意为“智慧”；B项意为“小事”；C项意为“麻烦”；D项意为“决心”。14．B　考查名词。根据下文中的“anewkindofbaseball”可知，此处指棒球。15．A　考查动词。根据语境可知，此处指他一直在敦促“我”。urge“强烈要求，敦促”。16．B　考查名词。他所说的话(words)印在“我”的脑海中，故选B。17．C　考查形容词。这给了“我”一个如何实现”我”认为不可能(impossible)的目标的想法。A项意为“有价值的”；B项意为“合情理的”；C项意为“不可能的”；D项意为“无法容忍的”。8\n18．D　考查动词。在盲人学校“我”发明(invented)了一种新的被称之为“地滚球”的棒球。A项意为“发现”；B项意为“配备”；C项意为“形成”；D项意为“发明”。19．A　考查名词。“我”不得不了解自己的不足之处。limitation“(某人或某物的)局限性，不足之处”。20．B　考查名词。“我”有时会失败，但一般说来“我”取得了进步。makeprogress“取得进展”。***短文改错LiMingisafriendofmine.I'mgladhechangedgreatlyinthepasttwoyears.Iclearlyrememberhewasquitefattwoyearsbefore.Hegottiredsoeasythathecouldn'ttakeexercise,thatmadehimveryupset.Later,herealizedunlesshewentonlikethat,hewouldendupachievenothing.Sohemadeuphismindstomakeachange.Hewentrunningeverymorningandplayedthebasketballeveryafternoon.Besides,hefollowedadietofmorevegetablesorlessmeat.Graduallyhebegantoloseweight.Heisnowanenergeticboyingoodhealth.Sowhenfacedwithproblems,weshouldovercomeitwithgreatdeterminationandstrongwillpower.答案：LiMingisafriendofmine.I'mgladhechangedgreatlyinthepasttwoyears.Iclearlyrememberhewasquitefattwoyears.Hegottiredsothathecouldn'ttakeexercise,madehimveryupset.Later,herealizedhewentonlikethat,hewouldendupnothing.Sohemadeuphistomakeachange.Hewentrunningeverymorningandplayedbasketballeveryafternoon.Besides,hefollowedadietofmorevegetableslessmeat.Graduallyhebegantoloseweight.Heisnowanenergeticboyingoodhealth.Sowhenfacedwithproblems,weshouldovercomewithgreatdeterminationandstrongwillpower.难项分析：第一处：changed前加has　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语inthepasttwoyears可知，此处表示从过去开始发生的动作，并对现在造成了影响。因此，应用现在完成时。故在changed前加has。8\n第二处：before→ago　考查副词。before指从过去某刻起若干时间以前，常与完成时连用，ago指从此刻起若干时间以前，常与过去时连用。根据上下文可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故将before改为ago。第五处：unless→if　考查连词。“hewentonlikethat(他继续像那样)”是“hewouldendup...nothing”的条件，因此应用if引导条件状语从句。故将unless改为if。***8