2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit1Womenofachievement含解析新人教版必修4

Womenofachievement李仕才***阅读理解。WinstonChurchillisprobablythemostpopularBritishprimeministerever.Havingservedasasoldierandpolitician,heisoftenconsideredamongthegreatestofBritons.WhilehisheroicstandagainsttheNazisiswellknow,therearestillafewfactsaboutthepopularpoliticianthatmightsurpriseyou.HisCigarsTheclassicimageofWinstonChurchillincludesagiantcigarstuckbetweenhislips.Churchilldevelopedhisloveofcigarsasayoungman,whenhetraveledtoCuba.Fortherestofhislife,hesmokedeightorninecigarseveryday.However,healmostnevertookapuff(吸，抽),preferringtochewontheenduntilitwentout,thenrelightitandstartagain.Topreventthecigarbecomingsoggy(湿软的),Churchillinventedthe＂bellybando＂,astripofbrownpaperwhichcouldbegluedaroundtheend.Atanygiventime,Churchillhad3,000to4,000cigarsinhishouse,mostlyhisfavoriteRomeo&Julietbrand.Ononeoccasion,thepresidentofCubapresentedChurchillwith2,400top-qualitycigars,althoughhissecurityteaminsistedonecigarfromeachboxbesentoffandtestedforpoison.PerhapsthestorythatbestshowshisloveofcigarsoccurredduringWorldWarII,whenhehadaspecialoxygenmaskdesignedsothathecouldstillsmokehiscigaronahigh-altitudeflight.HisBlackDogThroughouthislife,Churchillprobablysufferedfromdepression,whichhecalledhis＂blackdog＂.Attimes,hisdepressionwassoseverethathedidn’tlikestandingclosetoapassingtrainorlookingattheoceanfromashipbecausehefearedthathewouldcommitsuicide.Whenhewasdepressed,Churchillwouldalmostspendagreatdealoftimeinbedandlosehisabilitytoconcentrate.However,whennotdepressed,Churchillwasfullofenergy,usuallyworkingandtalkinguntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Heoftendescribedhow＂allthecolorscomebackintothepicture＂.1.WhydidChurchill’ssecurityteaminsistoncheckingthecigars?8\nA.TotestiftheyweresafeforChurchill.B.Toseeiftheywereofthebestquality.C.TomakesuretheywereChurchill’sfavorite.D.Toguaranteetheywerenotoutofdate.2.WhichofthefollowingbestshowsChurchill’sloveofcigars?A.Hefellinlovewithcigarsatayoungage.B.Hesmokedmanycigarseveryday.C.Heinventedthe＂bellybando＂.D.Hehadanoxygenmaskspeciallydesignedforsmoking.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?A.Churchillbecameenergeticagain.B.Churchillremaineddepressed.C.Churchilldrewcolorfulpictures.D.Churchilllikedtotalkaboutcolors.4.Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.AchievementsofChurchillB.AnecdotesaboutChurchillC.PersonalitiesofChurchillD.HobbiesofChurchill【文章大意】丘吉尔是英国最受欢迎的首相，文章介绍丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子＂althoughhissecurityteaminsistedonecigarfromeachboxbesentoffandtestedforpoison.＂可知，丘吉尔的安全部队坚持要检查雪茄，为了检测是否它们对丘吉尔是安全的。故选A。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂However,whennotdepressed,Churchillwasfullofenergy,usuallyworkingandtalkinguntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning.＂可知，丘吉尔精力充沛的时候，经常工作和交谈直到凌晨。下文是他对精力充沛的描写。故选A。8\n4.B【解析】标题判断题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子＂WhilehisheroicstandagainsttheNazisiswellknow,therearestillafewfactsaboutthepopularpoliticianthatmightsurpriseyou.＂可知，文章主要介绍丘吉尔的奇闻轶事。故选B。***语法填空。OurgroupSpringhillBaptistChurchstartedafoodpantry(食品储藏室)tohelpoutmembersofthecommunity.Aspartoftheprogram,webuythefoodthatwill__1__(distribute)andmakeboxesfordistribution.Wedothison__2__regularbasis—thesecondMondayofeverymonth.Oneday,asmyfriendandI__3__(load)ourgrocerycartswiththenecessaryitemsinthestore,agentlemanaskedus,“__4__doyougetsomanyitems？”Weexplainedweweredoingour__5__(month)groceryshoppingandgavehimsomedetailsaboutourprogram.__6__(say)thatitwasgreat,hewentonwithhisbusiness.Aftergatheringeverythingonourlist,westartedunloadingthefoodtocheckoutatthecounter,only__7__(inform)bythecashierthatourbillhadalreadybeenpaid.Thegentlemanwhoaskedaboutour__8__(intend)hadlefthiscreditcardnumbertopay__9__ourorderandthenwalkedoff.Hehadnoideawhatthecostwasbeforeheleft.Wewere__10__(extreme)shockedatthegenerosityofastranger.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友去为食品储藏室购买食物时遇到了一位绅士，他在得知作者他们的意图后悄悄地为他们支付了账单。作者在文中对这位绅士的慷慨表达了感激之情。1．bedistributed　考查动词的语态。作为计划的一部分，我们购买食物并将其进行分配。distribute与food之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。空前是情态动词will，故填bedistributed。2．a　考查冠词。我们定期这样做——每个月的第二个星期一。onaregularbasis“定期地”。3．wereloading　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据下文中的“weweredoingour...”可知，此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；句子的主语是myfriendandI，是复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。故填wereloading。4．Why　考查疑问词。根据下文的“Weexplainedweweredoingour...”可知，这位绅士是在问“你们为什么买这么多物品”，故填疑问词Why表示“为什么”。5．monthly　考查词性转换。根据空前的“our”及空后的“grocery8\nshopping”可知，此处应填形容词作定语。上文的“everymonth”暗示这里填monthly“每月的”。6．Saying　考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的句子与前面的部分之间没有连词，故空处所在部分应填非谓语动词，此处表示伴随状况，he和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。7．tobeinformed　考查非谓语动词及其被动结构。only后接不定式表示出乎意料的结果，inform与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动式。8．intention　考查词性转换。根据空前的“aboutour”可知，此处要填名词，intention“意图，目的”。9．for　考查介词。payforsth.是固定搭配，“为……而付钱，负担……的费用”。故填for。10．extremely　考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰wereshocked，表示程度，故填extremely。***完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Whenmykidsweresmall，IstartedatraditioninourhouseofgivingeightgiftsoverthecourseoftheeightdaysofHanukkah(光明节)．Ilikedtheideaof__1__acandleeverynightandgivingmychildrenagifttounwrapto__2__.Itwaseasytogointoatoystoreandpickupsomething__3__lessthan$10each，oreven$1each(atthedollarstore)．Mychildrendidn'taskforanythingmuchinparticularandthey__4__whatevertheygot.Astheyearsprogressed，I__5__thetraditionofeightgiftsforeachnightofHanukkah.Butthisyear，Hanukkah__6__somethingelse.Myspecialneedssondecidedthathewantedto__7__acomputer，anditwasuptometobuyallthepartsofit.WhenIwouldn't__8__that，hedecidedhewantedaP1ayStation.ThenAmazongiftcards.Thenmoney.Andwhenitbecameclearthatitwasn'tgoingtohappen，hegot__9__.Ikeep__10__himthatHanukkahisn'taboutgreedormaterialism.It'saboutthemiracleofanoillampthat__11__foreightdays.It'saboutbeing__12__ofourheritage.It'saboutfreedom.Buthe__13__.Iknowdeepdownthathisobsessions(迷恋的物)areoutofhis__14__，anddefinitelyoutofmine.Havingaspecialneedschildisas__15__as8\nitgets.Somedaysarebetterthanothersandnotallholidays__16__thewayIhope.Butdespitehisunrealisticrequests，he'sa(n)__17__childwhoisshowingmethetruemeaningoflife.Andasweenteranewyearandlightthe__18__approachingthetime，Iwelcomehisdifferences__19__Ilearnhowtoturnnegativerequestsinto__20__ones.1．A.buying　　　B．donatingC．lightingD．drawing2．A.celebrateB．presentC．sendD．play3．A.atB．forC．inD．from4．A.ateB．threwC．likedD．drank5．A.heldupB．gaveinC．handedinD．keptup6．A.madeB．becameC．foundD．designed7．A.buildB．buyC．useD．watch8．A.relyonB．learnfromC．agreetoD．dreamabout9．A.calmB．happyC．selfishD．upset10．A.tellingB．warningC．promisingD．accusing11．A.laysB．hangsC．waitsD．burns12．A.tiredB．proudC．afraidD．lack13．A.noddedB．sleptC．insistedD．failed14．A.mindB．sightC．controlD．place15．A.wonderfulB．dangerous8\nC．interestingD．challenging16．A.runoutB．breakdownC．workoutD．putdown17．A.strangeB．amazingC．badD．energetic18．A.candlesB．lampsC．torchesD．lanterns19．A.whenB．asC．unlessD．until20．A.relativeB．possibleC．reasonableD．positive【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家过光明节的传统、变化及作者的应对策略和反思。【核心词汇】greedn．贪婪　materialismn．物质主义　miraclen．奇迹1．C　根据下文的“Andasweenteranewyearandlightthe__18__approachingthetime”可知，此处指点蜡烛。2．A　根据上文的“Hanukkah(光明节)”可推知，节日是用来庆祝的。3．B　根据语境“lessthan$10each，oreven$1each(atthedollarstore)”可推知，此处表示东西的价格，故用介词for。4．C　结合语境“Mychildrendidn'taskforanythingmuchinparticular”可推知，孩子们并不挑剔，很喜欢拿到的礼物。5．D　结合下文的转折“Butthisyear,Hanukkah__6__somethingelse”和“Myspecialneedsson”可推知，作者保持那个传统很多年。6．B　根据转折“Butthisyear，Hanukkah__6__somethingelse”和“Myspecialneedsson”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新变化。7．A　根据语境“anditwasuptometobuyallthepartsofit”可推知，儿子要组建一台电脑，要作者去买零配件。8．C　根据下文的“Andwhenitbecameclearthatitwasn'tgoingtohappen,hegot__9__”可推知，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子就有了其他更多的要求。agreeto“同意”。9．D　很明显，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子感到难过。upset“难过”。10．A　很明显，作者在不断地给儿子讲道理，说明节日的意义。11．D　根据下文的“Andasweenteranewyearandlightthe__18__approachingthetime”可推知，D项burn“燃烧，发亮”符合语境。12．B　固定搭配beproudof意为“以……为傲，为……而自豪”，符合语境。8\n13．C　根据下文的“Iknowdeepdownthathisobsessions(迷恋的物)areoutofhis__14__，anddefinitelyoutofmine”可推知，儿子不为所动，坚持自己的要求。14．C　根据“obsessions(迷恋的物)”可推知，儿子陷入迷恋的事物之中，已经失控。outofcontrol“失控”。15．D　很明显，作者应对有特殊需求的儿子有些棘手。challenging“挑战性的”。16．C　根据“thewayIhope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那样发展。workout“成功地发展”。17．B　根据语境“whoisshowingmethetruemeaningoflife”可推知，此处的语气表示肯定、赞赏，故选B。amazing“了不起的”。18．A　根据上文的“Ilikedtheideaof__1__acandleeverynight”可知，节日期间作者一家点蜡烛庆祝。19．B　根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故选B。as“因为”。20．D　与语境中的“negative”形成对比可知，此处表示把负面要求变成积极要求。positive“积极的”。***短文改错。Itisknownthatsomestudentscheatinexams.Therearethreereasonforit.Firstofall,therearesomanyexams.Beside,theexamsgivenaredifficultyinsomeway.Secondly,somestudentshavetocheatinexamsbecauseoftheyaretoolazy.Thelastreasonistopleaseourparentsandteachers.Forsomestudents,lowmarksbroughtthemgreatpressureandmakethemdepressing.Inmyopinion,cheatinginexamsarewrong.Weshouldtakepositiveattitudetoourstudies,andtrytogetamarkwhatistrueaswellasgood.答案：Itisknownthatsomestudentscheatinexams.Therearethreeforit.Firstofall,therearesomanyexams.，theexamsgivenareinsomeway.Secondly,somestudentshavetocheatinexamsbecausetheyaretoolazy.Thelastreasonistopleaseparentsandteachers.Forsomestudents,lowmarksthemgreatpressureandmakethem.Inmyopinion,cheatinginexamswrong.Weshouldtakepositiveattitude8\ntoourstudies,andtrytogetamarkistrueaswellasgood.难项分析：第五处：our→their　考查代词。根据上文中的“theyaretoolazy”可知，此处应该用their。第七处：depressing→depressed　考查非谓语动词。此处depressed是描述人的主观心理的形容词，作宾语补足语。第八处：are→is　考查主谓一致。动名词短语(cheatinginexams)作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故用is。***8