2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars含解析新人教版必修3

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars李仕才***阅读理解。MayDay,thefirstdayofMay,iscelebratedasaspringfestivalinmanycountries.Itmarkstheapproachofsummer.TheEnglishdevelopedtheirMayDayfestivalfromtheRomanfestivalcalledFloralia.InthefestivalofFloralia,theRomansgatheredflowerstohonorthegoddessofspring,Flora.IntheMiddleAges,MayDaybecamethefavoriteholidayofmanyEnglishvillages.Peoplegatheredflowerstodecoratetheirhomesandchurches,sangspringsongsandchoseakingandaqueenofMay.Villagersdancedaroundatallpolefixeduprightintheground,calledamaypole,eachholdingtheendofaribbonattachedtothetopofthepole.Theytiedtheribbonsaroundthepoleuntilitwascoveredwithbrightcolors.Theycollecteddew(露水)onMayDaymorningandwashedtheirfaceswithitbecausetheybelievedthatthedewonthedayhadthemagicpowertoregainyouth.NowadaysinBritainpeoplenolongerattachgreatimportancetotheday,butinsometownsandvillagespeoplestillcelebrateitbychoosingtheMayQueenanddancingaroundthemaypole.MayQueenisagirlselectedasthemostbeautifulgirlonMayDay.Sheisusuallycrownedwithflowersandoftendriveninprocessionthroughthestreet.IntheUnitedStates,thedayhasneverbeencelebratedwiththesameenthusiasmasinBritain.ButinmanyAmericantownsandcities,childrencelebratethedaywithdancingandsinging.Theyoftengatherflowersinhandmadepaperbasketsandhangthemonthedoorknobsofthehomesoftheirfriends’andneighbors’onMayDaymorning.AtMayDayparties,childrenselectMayQueen,dancearoundthe8\nmaypole,andsingMayDaysongs.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了欧洲国家的传统节日“五朔节”。1．WhatdoweknowabouttheMayDayinBritainintheMiddleAges?A．Peopledressedinbrightcolors.B．Peoplecelebrateditwithenthusiasm.C．Peoplepresentedflowerstothegoddessofspring.D．Peoplestayedathomeinsteadofgoingtochurches.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段内容特别是第三、四句可知，在中世纪，英国人通过举行各种活动，热情地庆祝五朔节，故B项正确。2．WhydidpeoplewashtheirfaceswithdewonMayDay?A．Tobringgoodluck.　　B．Tobecomeprettier.C．Togetmagicpower.D．Togetyoungagain.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，人们在五朔节用露水洗脸，是因为他们相信露水在当天有恢复青春的魔力，故D项正确。3．Paragraph3ismainlydeveloped．A．bycomparisonB．byspaceC．byprocessD．byclassificationA　解析：写作方法题。根据第三段可知，该段是通过比较美国和英国如何庆祝该节日展开的，故A项正确。4．Nowadays,manyAmericanchildrencelebrateMayDaywithlotsofactivitiesEXCEPT．A．hangingflowersonthedoorknobsoftheirfriends’homesB．selectingMayQueenanddancingaroundthemaypoleC．gatheringflowersinhandmadepaperbasketsandsingingMayDaysongsD．collectingdewonMayDaymorningandwashingfacesD　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句可知，如今在美国，孩子们通过将花篮挂在邻居家或朋友家的门把手上、选择“五朔节女王”、围绕五月柱跳舞、演唱五朔节的歌曲来庆祝这一节日，故排除A、B、C项；根据第二段最后一句可知，用露水洗脸是中世纪英国人的做法，而不是现在美国儿童的做法，故选D项。8\n***语法填空。LastDecembermymotherandI__1__(fly)toLondon.Thefirstthingwedidwastogoonabussightseeingtour.Thisisthebestwaytoseeallthesightsandlearnallaboutthehistoryofthecity.Bythetimethetourwasoveritwasdark.TheChristmaslightswereverycolorful.And__2__reallyimpressedmewassomanypeoplemade__3__(they)wayhomethroughtheheavytrafficonbicycles.IwaslookingforwardtospendingthenextdayinOxfordStreetwithallits__4__(amaze)shops.Andwhat__5__wonderfulexperiencethatwas!Weboughtaticketfortheundergroundandcouldgoeverywhereveryquickly.WespentallmorningshoppingandadmiringtheChristmasdisplaysinsidetheshopsandoutinthestreets.Thenwewenttoawaxmuseum__6__(call)MadameTussauds(杜莎夫人蜡像馆),whichhadalotofwax__7__(figure)offamouspeople.Mymothertookapictureofmestanding__8__PrinceCharlesandPrinceHarry.FromtherewetookthetubetoBuckinghamPalace,thehomeofthetwoprinces,towatchtheChangingoftheGuardbut__9__(fortunate)wecouldn'treallyseewellastherewerethousandsoftouristswaiting__10__(take)photosoftheceremony.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和妈妈去年12月坐飞机前往英国伦敦旅游的经历。1．flew　考查动词的时态。由时间状语“LastDecember”可知，应用一般过去时，故填flew。2．what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，所填词意为“……的事物”，故填what。3．their　考查代词。makeone'sway意思是“前往”，且主语为people，故填their。4．amazing　考查词性转换。amaze意思是“使惊奇”，它的形容词amazing意思是“令人惊奇的”，常用来修饰物。由shops可知应填amazing。5．a　考查冠词。此处是what引导的感叹句，句中experience作名词，意为“经历”，是可数名词，所以要用不定冠词修饰，故填a。6．called　考查非谓语动词。call与waxmuseum为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。7．figures　考查名词的数。此处表示“那里有许多名人的蜡像”。由“alot8\nof”可知，此处要用可数名词的复数形式，故填figures。8．between　考查介词。between...and表示“在……之间”。9．unfortunately　考查副词。根据空后的“wecouldn'treallyseewell”可知，应用提示词的否定形式，且要用副词来修饰整个句子。故填unfortunately。10．totake　考查非谓语动词。waittodosth.“等待做某事”，为固定用法。***完形填空。阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。MildredWebingaFreemanwasanEnglishteacheratthenewmiddleschoolIattendedintheninthgrade.Shewasn'tmy__1__；shewastheadvisertothesafetypatrol(巡逻队)onwhichI__2__.Ilovedbeingaroundherand__3__hersenseofhumorandkindpersonality.Shewas__4__agoodlistener.Attheendoftheyear，she__5__thatshewasmovingtoFlorida，andIwasverysad.Weexchanged__6__andbecamepenpals.Icouldtellher__7__，andshetreatedme__8__respecteventhoughIwasateenager.InFlorida，Mrs.FreemanbecameaRealtor(房地产经纪人),__9__shemanagedtofindtimetowriteletters.Shewrote__10__storiesandalwaystookmyconcerns__11__.Shehadgivenmea(n)__12__invitationtovisit，andImissedhersomuch.WhenI__13__totakeheruponthe__14__，sheanswered，“Getyourshoesonandyourbags__15__！Youarewelcomeanytime！”IspentthreeweekswithherinMiami.Her__16__ofpoetry，music，andcreativewriting__17__metofollowtheseendeavors(努力)．Oneday__18__hangingsheetsontheclothesline，she__19__andsaid，“Youknow，theskyisfuelforthesoul.”Ihadneverlookedatthe__20__beforehearingthosewords.Twoyearslater，IreceivedacallthatMrs.Freemanhadpassedaway.1．A.mother　　　　　　B．friendC．classmateD．teacher2．A.servedB．advisedC．expectedD．led3．A.sharedB．enjoyedC．imaginedD．found4．A.neverB．justC．stillD．also8\n5．A.knewB．announcedC．thoughtD．realized6．A.addressesB．giftsC．viewsD．roles7．A.manyB．muchC．everythingD．something8．A.inB．asC．withD．to9．A.soB．butC．orD．for10．A.amusingB．differentC．emotionalD．ordinary11．A.immediatelyB．carefullyC．seriouslyD．privately12．A.urgentB．luckyC．ambiguousD．open13．A.decidedB．hesitatedC．wroteD．hurried14．A.offerB．promiseC．excuseD．message15．A.boughtB．foundC．filledD．packed16．A.loveB．dreamC．senseD．feeling17．A.persuadedB．encouragedC．forcedD．allowed18．A.beforeB．onceC．whileD．after19．A.lookedoverB．lookedoutC．lookedupD．lookeddown20．A.cloudsB．flowersC．peopleD．houses【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者在中学期间和一名英语老师之间的故事。【核心词汇】advisern．顾问　penpal笔友　concernn．担心的事，关切的事8\n1．D　根据上文中的“MildredWebingaFreemanwasanEnglishteacheratthenewmiddleschoolIattendedintheninthgrade”和空后的“shewastheadvisertothesafetypatrol(巡逻队)”可推知，MildredWebingaFreeman不是作者的老师(teacher)，下文中的“andbecamepenpals”也是提示。2．A　根据语境并结合选项可知，作者当时也在巡逻队里。serve“为……工作”。3．B　根据空前的“Ilovedbeingaroundher”可知，作者喜欢(enjoyed)老师的幽默感和善良的品质。4．D　根据上文中的“anEnglishteacher”和“theadviser”可知，本句是对这位老师身份的补充说明。她也(also)是一个好的倾听者。5．B　根据语境可知，老师宣布(announced)了一个消息，她要搬到佛罗里达州了，作者感到很伤心。6．A　根据上文中的“Attheendoftheyear,she__5__thatshewasmovingtoFlorida”和空后的“andbecamepenpals”可推知，作者和老师互换了地址(addresses)，成了笔友。7．C　根据上文中的“andbecamepenpals”与空后的“shetreatedme__8__respecteventhoughIwasateenager”可推知，作者与老师无话不谈，这与上文作者乐于和老师相处的背景呼应。故选C。8．C　固定搭配：treatsb.withsth.意为“以某种态度/方式对待某人”，符合语境，故选C。9．B　根据空后的“shemanagedtofindtimetowriteletters”可推知，上下文表示转折关系。故选B。10．A　根据上文中的“Ilovedbeingaroundherand__3__hersenseofhumorandkindpersonality”可推知，老师很幽默，总是给作者讲一些好笑的(amusing)故事。11．C　takesb./sth.seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待某人/某事”。老师认真对待作者所关切的事情。12．D　根据下文中的“Youarewelcomeanytime”可推知，老师欢迎作者随时来访，anopeninvitation为习语，意为“随时可以来访的邀请”，符合语境，故选D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”。13．C　根据上文中的“Weexchanged__6__andbecamepenpals”可推知，作者写信(wrote)告诉老师，他接受她的提议(offer)。14．A　参见上题解析。offer“提供，提议”。15．D　因为作者要去看望老师，因此老师建议作者收拾行李(packed)，随时欢迎作者的到来。16．A　老师对诗歌、音乐和文学创作的热爱(love)激励(encouraged)着作者去努力。8\n17．B　参见上题解析。18．C　一天，当老师正在把床单挂在晒衣绳上的时候，她抬头看(lookedup)到了天空而有所感悟。while“当……时”。19．C　参见上题解析。20．A　根据上文中的“Youknow,theskyisfuelforthesoul”并结合选项可知，当时老师看了天空，此处指的应是天上的云(clouds)。***短文改错ItisfiveyearsnowsinceIgraduatefromhighschool.LastSaturday,ourclassheldagettogether,whichtookusalongtimeprepare.Itwasindeednoteasytogetinthetouchwitheverybodyandsetaproperlytimeforallofus.Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,talkaboutthepeopleandthingstheywerefamiliarwith.Itwasapitywhichsomeofuswerenotpresentastheyhadgoneabroadwithfurtherstudy.Besides,theycalledbackorsentgreetingcardfromdifferentplaces.答案：ItisfiveyearsnowsinceIfromhighschool.LastSaturday,ourclassheldagettogether,whichtookusalongtimeprepare.Itwasindeednoteasytogetintouchwitheverybodyandsetatimeforallofus.Weallenjoyedthispreciousdaygreatly,aboutthepeopleandthingswerefamiliarwith.Itwasapitysomeofuswerenotpresentastheyhadgoneabroadfurtherstudy.，theycalledbackorsentgreetingfromdifferentplaces.难项分析：第一处：graduate→graduated　考查动词时态。在“Itis＋时间段＋since引导的时间状语从句”中，从句要使用一般过去时，故graduate应使用过去式。第五处：talk→talking　考查非谓语动词。主语We与talk之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故应使用现在分词作伴随状语。第九处：Besides→However　考查副词。根据前后句句意可知，前后为转折关系，且此处用逗号隔开，故应用副词However。8\n***8