2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit1Womenofachievement含解析新人教版必修4

Womenofachievement李仕才一、阅读理解    Youmaynotthinkitverymuch—ausedicecreamtub(纸杯)onthebeach,acigarettebuttinthesand.Buttheselittlepiecesoflitteramounttoaround8.8milliontonsoftrashintheworld'soceans,poisoningandchokingsealife,accordingtofiguresfromtheWorldWildlifeFoundation.   Now,inasetofimagestitledThePriceOfConveniencebyWatershasshownthedestroyingeffectsthatcasuallitteringhasoncreatures.Inoneimagecalled“yourconvenienceistheirextinction”,aseaturtle'sshellishollowedout(掏空)andfilledwithbananaskins,sodacans,andotherdebris.   “Itisshockingtheamountoftrashintheoceans,”Waters,23,said,describinghisprojectwhichhehasbegunacampaigntotheWWF.“Whenyouleavelitteronthebeach,youaretreatingtheoceanlikeatrashcan.Whenyouthrowtrashoverthesideofaboat,you'retreatingtheoceanlikeatrashcan.Andwhenyouleavelitteratabeachfestivalorparty,it'sthesame.ObviouslyitwouldbeimpossibletocleantheoceansbutIfeltIhadtotrysomething.”Watersexplainedthathe,likemanyotherWesterners,hasalwaysbeenawareofenvironmentalconcernsbutdidnotbegintodosomethingabouti.    TheturningpointcameashevisitedMalaysiawithhisgirlfriendlastyear.Hereachedtheshoretofindpilesoftrash.Butitwasbeautiful,thesmelloftheair,oftheocean.IhadastrongfeelingforitafterIstartedresearchingtrashintheocean.Afewmonthslater,hecameacrossthevideoofaseaturtleinobviousagony(痛苦)withadrinkingstrawstuckupitsnostrils(鼻孔).ThatvideoinspiredthefirstofWaters'threeimages.“Seaturtlesaresuchgentlecreatures.Ifeltsickwatchingthatvideo.Trashleftonabeachbyhumanscausedsomuchpainandsuffering.Theseanimalsdon'thavevoicessowe'vegottospeakupforthem.”headded.10\n  WatershasnotyetreceivedaresponsefromWWFregardinghisimages.Fornow,hesays,heisinspiredtodevelopmorecampaignsthatraiseawarenessofenvironmentalconcerns.1.Whatcanbefoundintheseaturtle'sshellaccordingtothepassage?A.Someicecream.B.Somedrawings.C.Somelitter.D.Somecreatures.2.Whydidtheturtleinthevideoseemverypainful?A.Becauseitsnostrilswerefullofcigarettebutts.B.Becauseithadbeenpoisonedandseemedtobedying.C.Becausemostofitsbodypartshadbeeninjuredseriously.D.Becausetherewasadrinkingstrawstuckupitsnostrils.3.Water'stryingsomethingaimsto________.A.makethepollutedoceanbecomecleanB.remindpeopleawarenessofoceanpollutionC.improvehisskillofdrawingpicturesD.getsomesupportfromtheWWF参考答案：1.C;2.D;3.B解析：1.[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句的filledwithbananaskins,sodacans,andotherdebris可知在海龟的身体里填满了香蕉皮、苏打水瓶子和其他垃圾。]2.[细节理解题。根据文章第四段第四句的withadrinkingstrawstuckupitsnostrils可知是海龟鼻孔的吸管让它难受的。]3.[推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句Watersexplainedthathe,likemanyotherWesterners,hasalwaysbeenawareofenvironmentalconcerns可知他通过自己的努力来引起其他人对海洋环境的关注。]10\n二、单句语法填空1．Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,________(regard)asoneofthebestallroundformsofexercise.答案：isregarded　当主语后面接由alongwith引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。2．Hewasobservedbyofficers________(drive)at90milesperhour.答案：driving　observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observesb.doingsth.结构的被动式，用v.ing表示动作正在进行。3．Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintend________(apologize)．答案：toapologize　intendtodosth.“打算做某事”。4．Whicheverwayyoulookatit,anOlympicsilvermedalisaremarkable________(achieve)foronesoyoung.答案：achievement　aremarkableachievement“一个非凡的成就”。5．Withourteacher________(support)us,wefeelquiteencouraged.答案：supporting　support“支持”前有With,因此应使用所填词的非谓语动词形式，且teacher和support构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填supporting。6．Hehasdecidedtogetalookatthehouseandseeifitmightbeworthwhile________(buy)it.答案：buying/tobuy　Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.“值得做某事”。7．Thelittleboy'sbad________(behave)atthepartymadehisparentsupset.答案：behaviour　behaviour“行为”是名词，此处作主语。8．Toleranceconsistsin________(respect)theopinionsofothers.答案：respecting　句意：宽容在于尊重别人的观点。介词后应用动词ing形式。9．Computershavereplacedtelevisionsasourmostpopularformof________(entertain)．答案：entertainment　介词of后应为名词entertainment“娱乐活动；娱乐”。10．WhatIwouldliketodotodayistoadvancean________(argue)andseewhatyoumakeofit.答案：argument　由an可知，应填argument名词“论点”。三、完形填空WhenIwasjustoutofcollege，ImanagedtogetmydreamjobasatraderinNewYorkCityontheflooroftheAmericanStock(证券)Exchange.10\nThoughitwasaproud__1__，thejobwassimplytoophysically__2__—Imuststandinacrowdeveryday，whichoften__3__meinamindset(思维模式)thatheldmeback.Manhattanisawalkingtownandit'sdifficultto__4__whenyouhaveadisability.Taxiesareexpensiveandridingthesubway__5__dozensofsteepstepstogetbelowthe__6__.Thisleftmeonlyone__7__—thebus.Onenight，afterthe__8__formyjob，Iwasachingwithselfpity__9__itstartedtorainonmywalktothebusstop.Ibecamemoreandmore__10__withoutanumbrella，thinkingI'dnever__11__itinthiscityandtellingmyself，“thiscityisjusttoohard”and“maybeitisjustnotpossibleforaguylikeme”．Andthen，I__12__themostbeautiful，shortmoment.Acouplecamerollingbyonrollerskates，hand__13__handastheyskatedwhatseemedlikethetango.Theywereallwetbuttheysawthe__14__asanopportunityandromance.IsuddenlybecamegratefulforwaitingintherainbecauseI__15__havemissedthisbeauty__16__ifIhadbeeninataxioronthesubway.This，although__17__，wasanimportantmomentonmyjourneytodiscoverthe__18__ofachievinghealthandhappiness.WhenIchangemymindset，__19__foramoment，towhatispossibleandworktogetridoftheselflimitingbeliefsthat__20__mydailyactions，Iwillbeontheroadtoahealthier，happierlife.1．A.adjustmentB．achievementC．agreementD．treatment2．A.tiringB．boringC．relaxingD．disappointing3．A.remindedB．expectedC．tookD．left4．A.goupB．getaroundC．setoffD．showup5．A.requestsB．supportsC．requiresD．surrounds6．A.groundB．streetC．townD．city7．A.changeB．chanceC．ideaD．choice8．A.struggleB．work10\nC．experienceD．influence9．A.beforeB．whileC．whenD．after10．A.nervousB．curiousC．scaredD．upset11．A.getB．makeC．putD．watch12．A.recalledB．observedC．witnessedD．realized13．A.onB．byC．toD．in14．A.rainB．treeC．windD．cloud15．A.shallB．wouldC．needD．must16．A.exactlyB．instantlyC．entirelyD．suddenly17．A.strangeB．smallC．normalD．different18．A.humorB．honestyC．powerD．principle19．A.stillB．yetC．alsoD．even20．A.affectB．followC．forbidD．harm【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式的重要性。【核心词汇】goup上升　getaround四处走动setoff出发　showup出现，到场1．B　根据第一段中的“Imanagedtogetmydreamjob”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选B项，achievement意为“成就”。adjustment“调节”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治疗，对待”。2．A　根据本句中的“Imuststandinacrowdevery10\nday”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选A项，tiring意为“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。3．D　根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式”。“leave＋sh.＋宾补”表示“让某人……”，故选D项。remind“提醒”；expect“预期”。4．B　根据上文的“Manhattanisawalkingtown”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(getaround)的。goup“上升”；setoff“出发”；showup“出现，到场”。5．C　根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求”；support“支持”；surround“围绕”。6．A　根据本句中的“thesubway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选A项。7．D　句意：这让我只有一种选择——公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。8．A　句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历”；influence“影响”。9．C　参见上题解析。when在此处表示“当……的时候”，符合语境。10．D　根据上文的“itstartedtorain”和空后的“withoutanumbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。11．B　根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。makeit是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事”。12．C　句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“观察”；witness“目睹”；realize“认识到”。13．D　句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。handinhand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故选D项。14．A　根据上文的“itstartedtorain”和“Theywereallwet”可知，虽然他们身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。15．B　句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由if引导的对过去的虚拟句，结构为“if＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should/would/could＋have＋过去分词”，所以选B项。16．C　根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，马上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。10\n17．B　虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，故选B项。18．C　根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“诚实，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原则”。19．D　句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时，即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。根据句意可知，此处表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet“还，然而”；also“也，而且”；even“即使”。20．A　根据语境可知，此处表示“影响(affect)我日常行为的自我限制的信念”。四、单句改错1．Afterhisdeath,hischildrenwillcertainlycarryouthiscareer._____________________________________________________答案：out→on　carryon“继续；坚持”。2．Itdidn'toccurtomehewouldrefusemyinvitation._____________________________________________________答案：me后加that　Itdidn't/doesn'toccurtosb.that“某人没有想到”。3．Ifyoufailtodeliverythegoodsaccordingtotheagreedtime,youshouldbefined._____________________________________________________答案：delivery→deliver　failtodosth.“没有做某事”，deliverthegoods“送货”，delivery是名词。4．Youshouldreferthismatterwithourteacherforadecision._____________________________________________________答案：with→to　refersth.tosb.“把某事交给某人(解决)”。5．Wefearthatlocalstudentswouldlookdownatandbullyourchildren._____________________________________________________答案：at→on/upon　lookdownon/upon“瞧不起；看不起”。五、七选五WaystogetridofjealousyJealousyislikeapoison.Itisdifficulttoavoidsuchmomentsinlife.Sometimes,thisfeelingcomesfromthesensationofenvythatwetendtoexperience10\nwhenwenoticeothers＂better＂lives,appearances,successes,andsoon.　1　.Itcanruinrelationships,friendships,aswellasasenseofsatisfaction.Herearesometipstohelpgetridofjealousy.Beconfident.Notallofusarebornwithconfidence.Ittakesyearsofpracticetofindself-assurance.Followthe‘fakeittillyoumakesit’smethod.　2　Daybyday,confidenceforms.Ifyoufeelconfidentinyourself,youarelesslikelytofeelinferiortoothers.Don’tcompareyourself.Comparisonisthemostsignificantaspectofjealousy.Ifyouareabletoavoidcomparingyourselftoothers,youwillexperienceanew-foundsenseoffreedom.Agoodwaytojudgethisisbyvaluingimperfection.　3　Weareallconstantlygrowingandimprovingthroughoutourlives,whichisvalueinfailure.　4　Whenyouarefeelingupset,remindyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Reflectingonwhatyoudowellputsyourlifeintoperspective,whichisalwaysaplus!Apositivespincanbeplacedonalmostanythingthatyoumayseeasanegativeevent.Thereisalwaysawaytofindapositiveangle.Makeahealthychange.Mostofuswishtochange,especiallyfacedwithsomethingthatweareforcedtoaccept.However,mostofthethingsthatpeopletendtofeeljealousaboutcaninfactchangeinahealthyway.Ifyoufeeljealousofsomeoneelse’saccomplishments,useitasmotivationtoworkhardertoachieveyourowngoals.Justremember,ifthechangeyouwanttomakeishealthy,goforit.　5　A.Actpositively.B.Thinkpositively.C.Jealousyislikeasnake.D.Jealousyhasthepotentialtokillhappiness.E.Usethefeelingsofjealousyasmotivationtoimproveyourself.10\nF.Ifyoutakeitasapartofyourroutine,itwillgraduallybecomenaturaltoyou.G.Useyourweaknessasalearningexperience,ratherthanasachancetomakeyoufeelbad.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了嫉妒对人们的危害，并给人们提出了摆脱嫉妒的三点建议。1.D【解析】根据前文的＂Jealousyislikeapoison.＂及空后的＂Itcanruinrelationships,friendships,aswellasasenseofsatisfaction.＂可知嫉妒就像毒药，它会毁掉关系、友谊和满足感，故此处应指嫉妒有扼杀幸福的潜在力量。故选D。 3.G【解析】根据前文的＂Agoodwaytojudgethisisbyvaluingimperfection.＂（通过重视不完美是一个很好的方法）及空后＂Weareallconstantlygrowingandimprovingthroughoutourlives,whichisvalueinfailure.＂（整个一生中，我们都在不断地成长和改进，这也正是失败的价值所在。）可知此处应指我们应该把我们的不足当成一种学习的经历，而不是让它成为让我们感觉糟糕的因素。故选G。4.B【解析】根据段落中的＂Whenyouarefeelingupset,remindyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Reflectingonwhatyoudowell…＂（当你感觉郁闷时，让自己想一想自己身上积极的品质。回忆一下你擅长的事情……）可知，本段的主题应是思想要积极。故选B。5.E【解析】根据前文的＂Ifyoufeeljealousofsomeoneelse’saccomplishments,useitasmotivationtoworkhardertoachieveyourowngoals.Justremember,ifthechangeyouwanttomakeishealthy,goforit.＂（如果你对别人的成绩感到嫉妒时，要把它作为更加努力地工作去实现自己目标的动力。只要记住，如果你想要的改变是健康的，那就去做它。）可知，此处应指我们应该把嫉妒感当成自我发展的动力。故选E。10\n10