2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit4Makingthenews含解析新人教版必修5

Unit4Makingthenews李仕才一、阅读理解。RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。1．Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.B．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.C．Hecametostaywiththem.D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。2．Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway？　A．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.B．Hewenttohisfriend’satonce.C．Heknewwhattodoinstantly.8\nD．Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Heavybutwarm.B．Alittlesadbutcosy.C．Relaxinganddelightful.D．Veryseriousandunhappy.D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。4．Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.C．Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone’slifemoresignificant.B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。二、单句语法填空1．Wemustconcentrateourefforton________(find)waystoreducecosts.答案：finding　concentrateone'sefforton...“集中精力……”，on为介词，故填动名词finding。2．Theystudyhard________(acquire)agoodknowledgeofEnglish.答案：toacquire　此处不定式在句中作目的状语。3．I'llkeepyou________(inform)oftheprogressmadeatanytime.答案：informed　keepsb.informedofsth.“通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。4．Itisdifficult________(assess)theeffectsofthesechanges.答案：toassess　Itis＋adj.＋todosth.“做某事是……的”。5．Youcanneverdependonit________hecanarriveontime.答案：that　dependonitthat“指望/相信……”。8\n6．—Areyou________(accuse)meoflyingtotheheadmaster?—I'msureyoudid.答案：accusing　accusesb.of(doing)sth.“指责/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑问句，谓语动词用了现在进行时。7．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto________(receive)intimeforChristmas.答案：bereceived　soastodo...“为了做……”，gifts与receive之间为被动关系，故应填bereceived。8．Therearecases________thisruledoesnotwork.答案：where　若定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词case,stage,point,position,condition等时，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导定语从句。9．Helefttheclassroomwithoutthe________(approve)oftheteacher.答案：approval　由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，设空处应填名词形式，即approval。10．Peopledemandedthattheinjured________(take)tohospitalatonce.答案：(should)betaken　demand意为“要求”，后跟宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。主语theinjured与动词take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Everymorning，onmywaytowork，Iseehomelesspeoplesleepingonsidewalks.Clearly，they'reinneedof__1__.Ifeelita(n)__2__toseethis，andmostpeoplewalkby,__3__thehomelessdon'texist，anddon'tofferanyhelpatall，notevena__4__.Recently，it'sbeenextremelycold，makingthingsespecially__5__forthehomeless.UsuallyIarriveatworkaround8am，whenthehomelessarestillasleep.I'mnotsurewhetherit'sagood__6__toleavesomethingforthemwhilethey're__7__，asitmaygetstolenortheymaynoteven__8__it.Today，I__9__someone，whoseemedtobehomeless，sittingonthesidewalk，awake.Ihadsometime__10__Iwasduetostartwork，soIdashedacrossthestreettoaskifIcouldgetanythingforhimtodrinkoreat.Hewantedacola，soIwentandgotthisforhim__11__abanana.8\nIgavehimthedrinkandbanana，thenwentbacktomyofficeacrossthestreet，andwentupstairstogetthebagIrecently__12__witheverydayitems.I'dbeenplanningtogiveittosomeoneinneed，sothiswasagreat__13__.Ihurriedbacktogivethebagtothestranger，whowas__14__.Societymayfeeluncomfortablewithhomelesspeople.__15__，wemustrememberthey'rejustlikeus.They'rejustdownontheir__16__fordifferentreasons.Ifwe__17__tothoseinneed，ourheartswillgrowandwecan__18__makeourworldbetter.SingerPhilCollinssangasongtitledAnotherDayinParadise，which__19__ustobegratefulforthemanyblessingswehaveandnotto__20__thosewhoarelessfortunate.1．A.balance　　　　B．significanceC．performanceD．assistance2．A.dutyB．regretC．advanceD．equality3．A.imaginingB．expectingC．pretendingD．announcing4．A.wordB．hugC．pityD．gift5．A.absurdB．boringC．complexD．touch6．A.ideaB．excuseC．lessonD．reason7．A.relaxedB．absentmindedC．unawareD．dizzy8．A.knowB．wantC．shareD．afford9．A.spottedB．approachedC．recognizedD．interviewed10．A.whenB．sinceC．beforeD．unless11．A.insteadofB．exceptforC．regardlessofD．alongwith12．A.replacedB．packed8\nC．decoratedD．combined13．A.trialB．honorC．opportunityD．reward14．A.gratefulB．carefulC．hopefulD．skillful15．A.BesidesB．ThereforeC．MeanwhileD．However16．A.effortB．luckC．appearanceD．reputation17．A.lookoutB．breakoutC．reachoutD．turnout18．A.trulyB．properlyC．deliberatelyD．approximately19．A.intendsB．remindsC．promisesD．persuades20．A.trickB．blameC．doubtD．forget【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者帮助无家可归的人的故事。【核心词汇】extremelyadv.极其，极端　dashv．急奔，急驰，猛冲　paradisen．天堂　blessingn．上帝的恩宠，祝福1．D　根据下文的“don'tofferanyhelpatall”可知，这些无家可归的人需要帮助。assistance意为“帮助”。故选D。2．B　根据下文作者帮助无家可归的人可推知，作者同情这些无家可归的人，看到他们睡在大街上感到很是遗憾。故选B。3．C　根据“anddon'tofferanyhelpatall”并结合上文的“Ifeelita(n)__2__toseethis”可推知，大部分的路人对无家可归的人漠不关心，视而不见，即假装(pretending)没看到。4．A　根据“even”可推知，大部分人不仅不提供帮助，甚至连一句问候都没有。5．D　根据空前的“it'sbeenextremelycold”并结合语境可推知，天气特别寒冷，无家可归的人的日子更加艰难(tough)。6．A　结合语境可知，作者不确定自己的那种做法是否是好主意(idea)。7．C　承接上文的“UsuallyIarriveatworkaround8am，whenthehomelessarestillasleep”可推知，无家可归的人在作者早上开始上班时还都在睡觉，是不会觉察到的(unaware)。8\n8．B　根据“even”的提示并结合上文作者的犹豫可推知，作者不确定自己对他们的帮助是否正是无家可归的人所需要的。9．A　根据语境可推知，作者在人行道上发现了一个醒着的无家可归的人。spot表示“发现”，符合语境。10．C　根据语境可知，作者离上班还有些时间，所以选C。11．D　根据语境以及下文的“Igavehimthedrinkandbanana”可推知，作者顺便还给这个人带了香蕉。alongwith表示“除……以外(还)”。12．B　根据空后的“witheverydayitems”可知，作者包里装着每天的必需品。packwithsth.表示“装着某物”。13．C　根据语境可知，作者认为这是一个极好的帮助无家可归的人的机会。14．A　根据语境可推知，把自己的东西馈赠给他人，别人是感恩的(grateful)。15．D　根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。16．B　根据语境可推知，那些无家可归的人只是由于某种原因一时穷困潦倒而已，downonone'sluck表示“穷困潦倒”。17．C　根据语境可知，如果我们愿意帮助他们，世界会变得更美好。reachouttosb.表示“愿意为某人提供帮助”。18．A　根据语境可知，帮助他人的确会让我们的世界变得更美好。truly“的确，真实地”；properly“恰当地”；deliberately“故意地”；approximately“大约”。19．B　PhilCollins的歌提醒我们要感恩。remindsb.todosth.意为“提醒某人做某事”符合语境。20．D　根据语境可推知，人们不要忘记那些不幸的人。四、单句改错1．You'llbefacedwithtwochoices—whethertobefiredornot,dependonyourperformanceinthework.______________________________________________________答案：depend→depending　句中已有谓语动词befacedwith且无连词，故depend应用非谓语动词形式。dependingon...现在分词短语在句中作状语。2．Wehadathoroughlycleaningofourhouseattheweekend.______________________________________________________答案：thoroughly→thorough　此处需用形容词thorough来修饰动名词cleaning，故改为thorough。3．Itisdemandedthatadoctormustbesentfor.______________________________________________________8\n答案：must→should或去掉must　demand后跟宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，其谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。4．Theyarealleagertothechancetobethetoponesintheworldcompetitionasathletes.______________________________________________________答案：第一个to→for　beeagerforsth.“渴望(得到)某物”。5．You'dbetterputonathicksweaterincaseofitsnows.______________________________________________________答案：去掉of　incaseofsth.“如果；假使”；incase＋从句“万一/以防……；如果/假使……”。根据从句“itsnows”可知应用incase，故去掉of。五、短文改错Lastweek，ItakepartintheCulturalExchangeWeek.IenjoyedmyselfinEngland.Ivisitedthecitymuseumandseveralplaceofinterest，whichmademehavebetterunderstandingoftheEnglishsociety，cultureandhistory.What'smore，IwasluckilyenoughtomeetmypenfriendTomthere.Istayedathishome.AndI'llneverforgetthedayswhenwespenttogether.WhenIleftEngland，heofferedtomeadictionaryforagift.It'sofgreathelpformetolearnEnglish.IwillmakefulluseofthemandlearnEnglishgood.IhopeTomwillcometoChinawhenit'sconvenienceforhim!【答案】Lastweek，IpartintheCulturalExchangeWeek.IenjoyedmyselfinEngland.Ivisitedthecitymuseumandseveralofinterest，whichmademehavebetterunderstandingoftheEnglishsociety，cultureandhistory.What'smore，IwasenoughtomeetmypenfriendTomthere.Istayedathishome.AndI'llneverforgetthedays或　wespenttogether.WhenIleftEngland，heofferedmeadictionaryagift.It'sofgreathelpformetolearnEnglish.IwillmakefulluseofandlearnEnglish.IhopeTomwillcometoChinawhenit'sforhim!8\n第一处：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“lastweek”可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故将take改为took。第二处：考查名词的复数。placeofinterest意为“名胜古迹”，其中place是可数名词，前面有several修饰，应用其复数形式。故将place改为places。第三处：考查冠词。haveabetterunderstandingof...为固定结构，意为“对……有更好的了解”。故在better之前加a。第四处：考查形容词。luckily是副词，意为“幸运地”，用来修饰动词或者形容词。此处应用形容词作表语。故将luckily改为lucky。第五处：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，从句“wespenttogether”中缺少宾语，补充完整是：wespentthedaystogether。when引导定语从句时作时间状语。因此应用关系代词引导该定语从句，在从句中作宾语，故可将when改为that/which；当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略，故也可去掉when。第六处：考查介词。动词offer是及物动词，可直接接宾语。offersb.sth.意为“给某人提供某物”，不需要加介词。故去掉to。第七处：考查介词。介词for通常后接对象，意为“为……，给……，对……而言”；as作介词时，意为“作为，以……身份”。此处指他给了“我”一本字典作为礼物。故将for改为as。第八处：考查人称代词。根据语境可知，此处应用it指代上文中提到的adictionary，表示单数概念。故将them改为it。第九处：考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词learn，表示学好英语。故将good改为well。第十处：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语。it'sconvenientforsb.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说很方便”。故将convenience改为convenient。8