2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit4Makingthenews含解析新人教版必修5
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Unit4Makingthenews李仕才一、阅读理解。RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer“psychologicalfirstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitude(感激)fromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ireceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itnotonlyissomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的意义的故事。1.Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?A.Hebuiltsheltersforthem.B.Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.C.Hecametostaywiththem.D.Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起,所以他们感激“我”,故C项正确。2.Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway? A.Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.B.Hewenttohisfriend’satonce.C.Heknewwhattodoinstantly.8\nD.Hedecidednottodisturbhisfriend.A 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttointrude(打扰)onthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.”可知,“我”想要立即去朋友那里,但又不愿意去打扰朋友,据此可知,当朋友的母亲去世时,“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Heavybutwarm.B.Alittlesadbutcosy.C.Relaxinganddelightful.D.Veryseriousandunhappy.D 解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging”可知,男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌;结合画线词所在句中的“However...nomeans”和第三段第二句中的“ayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDSrelateddying”可以判断,在家人的陪伴下,气氛并不悲伤和严肃,据此可以判断,画线词意为“严肃的”,故D项正确。4.Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B.Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.C.Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.D.Beingavolunteercanmakeone’slifemoresignificant.B 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句并结合第二段的第一句可知,从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义,故B项正确。二、单句语法填空1.Wemustconcentrateourefforton________(find)waystoreducecosts.答案:finding concentrateone'sefforton...“集中精力……”,on为介词,故填动名词finding。2.Theystudyhard________(acquire)agoodknowledgeofEnglish.答案:toacquire 此处不定式在句中作目的状语。3.I'llkeepyou________(inform)oftheprogressmadeatanytime.答案:informed keepsb.informedofsth.“通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。4.Itisdifficult________(assess)theeffectsofthesechanges.答案:toassess Itis+adj.+todosth.“做某事是……的”。5.Youcanneverdependonit________hecanarriveontime.答案:that dependonitthat“指望/相信……”。8\n6.—Areyou________(accuse)meoflyingtotheheadmaster?—I'msureyoudid.答案:accusing accusesb.of(doing)sth.“指责/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑问句,谓语动词用了现在进行时。7.Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediatelysoasto________(receive)intimeforChristmas.答案:bereceived soastodo...“为了做……”,gifts与receive之间为被动关系,故应填bereceived。8.Therearecases________thisruledoesnotwork.答案:where 若定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词case,stage,point,position,condition等时,且定语从句中缺少地点状语,应用where引导定语从句。9.Helefttheclassroomwithoutthe________(approve)oftheteacher.答案:approval 由空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知,设空处应填名词形式,即approval。10.Peopledemandedthattheinjured________(take)tohospitalatonce.答案:(should)betaken demand意为“要求”,后跟宾语从句时,从句应用虚拟语气,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。主语theinjured与动词take之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Everymorning,onmywaytowork,Iseehomelesspeoplesleepingonsidewalks.Clearly,they'reinneedof__1__.Ifeelita(n)__2__toseethis,andmostpeoplewalkby,__3__thehomelessdon'texist,anddon'tofferanyhelpatall,notevena__4__.Recently,it'sbeenextremelycold,makingthingsespecially__5__forthehomeless.UsuallyIarriveatworkaround8am,whenthehomelessarestillasleep.I'mnotsurewhetherit'sagood__6__toleavesomethingforthemwhilethey're__7__,asitmaygetstolenortheymaynoteven__8__it.Today,I__9__someone,whoseemedtobehomeless,sittingonthesidewalk,awake.Ihadsometime__10__Iwasduetostartwork,soIdashedacrossthestreettoaskifIcouldgetanythingforhimtodrinkoreat.Hewantedacola,soIwentandgotthisforhim__11__abanana.8\nIgavehimthedrinkandbanana,thenwentbacktomyofficeacrossthestreet,andwentupstairstogetthebagIrecently__12__witheverydayitems.I'dbeenplanningtogiveittosomeoneinneed,sothiswasagreat__13__.Ihurriedbacktogivethebagtothestranger,whowas__14__.Societymayfeeluncomfortablewithhomelesspeople.__15__,wemustrememberthey'rejustlikeus.They'rejustdownontheir__16__fordifferentreasons.Ifwe__17__tothoseinneed,ourheartswillgrowandwecan__18__makeourworldbetter.SingerPhilCollinssangasongtitledAnotherDayinParadise,which__19__ustobegratefulforthemanyblessingswehaveandnotto__20__thosewhoarelessfortunate.1.A.balance B.significanceC.performanceD.assistance2.A.dutyB.regretC.advanceD.equality3.A.imaginingB.expectingC.pretendingD.announcing4.A.wordB.hugC.pityD.gift5.A.absurdB.boringC.complexD.touch6.A.ideaB.excuseC.lessonD.reason7.A.relaxedB.absentmindedC.unawareD.dizzy8.A.knowB.wantC.shareD.afford9.A.spottedB.approachedC.recognizedD.interviewed10.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.unless11.A.insteadofB.exceptforC.regardlessofD.alongwith12.A.replacedB.packed8\nC.decoratedD.combined13.A.trialB.honorC.opportunityD.reward14.A.gratefulB.carefulC.hopefulD.skillful15.A.BesidesB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.However16.A.effortB.luckC.appearanceD.reputation17.A.lookoutB.breakoutC.reachoutD.turnout18.A.trulyB.properlyC.deliberatelyD.approximately19.A.intendsB.remindsC.promisesD.persuades20.A.trickB.blameC.doubtD.forget【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者帮助无家可归的人的故事。【核心词汇】extremelyadv.极其,极端 dashv.急奔,急驰,猛冲 paradisen.天堂 blessingn.上帝的恩宠,祝福1.D 根据下文的“don'tofferanyhelpatall”可知,这些无家可归的人需要帮助。assistance意为“帮助”。故选D。2.B 根据下文作者帮助无家可归的人可推知,作者同情这些无家可归的人,看到他们睡在大街上感到很是遗憾。故选B。3.C 根据“anddon'tofferanyhelpatall”并结合上文的“Ifeelita(n)__2__toseethis”可推知,大部分的路人对无家可归的人漠不关心,视而不见,即假装(pretending)没看到。4.A 根据“even”可推知,大部分人不仅不提供帮助,甚至连一句问候都没有。5.D 根据空前的“it'sbeenextremelycold”并结合语境可推知,天气特别寒冷,无家可归的人的日子更加艰难(tough)。6.A 结合语境可知,作者不确定自己的那种做法是否是好主意(idea)。7.C 承接上文的“UsuallyIarriveatworkaround8am,whenthehomelessarestillasleep”可推知,无家可归的人在作者早上开始上班时还都在睡觉,是不会觉察到的(unaware)。8\n8.B 根据“even”的提示并结合上文作者的犹豫可推知,作者不确定自己对他们的帮助是否正是无家可归的人所需要的。9.A 根据语境可推知,作者在人行道上发现了一个醒着的无家可归的人。spot表示“发现”,符合语境。10.C 根据语境可知,作者离上班还有些时间,所以选C。11.D 根据语境以及下文的“Igavehimthedrinkandbanana”可推知,作者顺便还给这个人带了香蕉。alongwith表示“除……以外(还)”。12.B 根据空后的“witheverydayitems”可知,作者包里装着每天的必需品。packwithsth.表示“装着某物”。13.C 根据语境可知,作者认为这是一个极好的帮助无家可归的人的机会。14.A 根据语境可推知,把自己的东西馈赠给他人,别人是感恩的(grateful)。15.D 根据语境可知,前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系,故选D。16.B 根据语境可推知,那些无家可归的人只是由于某种原因一时穷困潦倒而已,downonone'sluck表示“穷困潦倒”。17.C 根据语境可知,如果我们愿意帮助他们,世界会变得更美好。reachouttosb.表示“愿意为某人提供帮助”。18.A 根据语境可知,帮助他人的确会让我们的世界变得更美好。truly“的确,真实地”;properly“恰当地”;deliberately“故意地”;approximately“大约”。19.B PhilCollins的歌提醒我们要感恩。remindsb.todosth.意为“提醒某人做某事”符合语境。20.D 根据语境可推知,人们不要忘记那些不幸的人。四、单句改错1.You'llbefacedwithtwochoices—whethertobefiredornot,dependonyourperformanceinthework.______________________________________________________答案:depend→depending 句中已有谓语动词befacedwith且无连词,故depend应用非谓语动词形式。dependingon...现在分词短语在句中作状语。2.Wehadathoroughlycleaningofourhouseattheweekend.______________________________________________________答案:thoroughly→thorough 此处需用形容词thorough来修饰动名词cleaning,故改为thorough。3.Itisdemandedthatadoctormustbesentfor.______________________________________________________8\n答案:must→should或去掉must demand后跟宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,从句应用虚拟语气,其谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。4.Theyarealleagertothechancetobethetoponesintheworldcompetitionasathletes.______________________________________________________答案:第一个to→for beeagerforsth.“渴望(得到)某物”。5.You'dbetterputonathicksweaterincaseofitsnows.______________________________________________________答案:去掉of incaseofsth.“如果;假使”;incase+从句“万一/以防……;如果/假使……”。根据从句“itsnows”可知应用incase,故去掉of。五、短文改错Lastweek,ItakepartintheCulturalExchangeWeek.IenjoyedmyselfinEngland.Ivisitedthecitymuseumandseveralplaceofinterest,whichmademehavebetterunderstandingoftheEnglishsociety,cultureandhistory.What'smore,IwasluckilyenoughtomeetmypenfriendTomthere.Istayedathishome.AndI'llneverforgetthedayswhenwespenttogether.WhenIleftEngland,heofferedtomeadictionaryforagift.It'sofgreathelpformetolearnEnglish.IwillmakefulluseofthemandlearnEnglishgood.IhopeTomwillcometoChinawhenit'sconvenienceforhim!【答案】Lastweek,IpartintheCulturalExchangeWeek.IenjoyedmyselfinEngland.Ivisitedthecitymuseumandseveralofinterest,whichmademehavebetterunderstandingoftheEnglishsociety,cultureandhistory.What'smore,IwasenoughtomeetmypenfriendTomthere.Istayedathishome.AndI'llneverforgetthedays或 wespenttogether.WhenIleftEngland,heofferedmeadictionaryagift.It'sofgreathelpformetolearnEnglish.IwillmakefulluseofandlearnEnglish.IhopeTomwillcometoChinawhenit'sforhim!8\n第一处:考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“lastweek”可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故将take改为took。第二处:考查名词的复数。placeofinterest意为“名胜古迹”,其中place是可数名词,前面有several修饰,应用其复数形式。故将place改为places。第三处:考查冠词。haveabetterunderstandingof...为固定结构,意为“对……有更好的了解”。故在better之前加a。第四处:考查形容词。luckily是副词,意为“幸运地”,用来修饰动词或者形容词。此处应用形容词作表语。故将luckily改为lucky。第五处:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,从句“wespenttogether”中缺少宾语,补充完整是:wespentthedaystogether。when引导定语从句时作时间状语。因此应用关系代词引导该定语从句,在从句中作宾语,故可将when改为that/which;当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,可以省略,故也可去掉when。第六处:考查介词。动词offer是及物动词,可直接接宾语。offersb.sth.意为“给某人提供某物”,不需要加介词。故去掉to。第七处:考查介词。介词for通常后接对象,意为“为……,给……,对……而言”;as作介词时,意为“作为,以……身份”。此处指他给了“我”一本字典作为礼物。故将for改为as。第八处:考查人称代词。根据语境可知,此处应用it指代上文中提到的adictionary,表示单数概念。故将them改为it。第九处:考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词learn,表示学好英语。故将good改为well。第十处:考查形容词。此处应用形容词作表语。it'sconvenientforsb.为固定句型,意为“对某人来说很方便”。故将convenience改为convenient。8
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