2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit1GreatScientists含解析新人教版必修5

GreatScientists李仕才一、阅读理解。Theysayifyouloveyourjob,you’llneverworkadayinyourlife.Wesayifyoutravelforwork,you’llneverhaveaboringcommute(上下班往返)adayinyourlife.Ifthetypical9-to-5isn’tworkingforyou,herearesomeoptionsthatwillpayyoutotravel.Nomatteryourcurrentskillset,youcanprobablydoitsomewhereelse.RepresentabroadTheStateDepartmentisactivelyhiringForeignServiceOfficers,andit’sprobablyeasierthanyouthinktobecomeone.You’llhavetoalotoftests,butifyoupass,you’llspendthenextyearsofyourlifeworkingaroundtheworld.AJuniorForeignServiceOfficerstartsat$71,000ayear.TeachingEnglishasaSecondLanguageabroadisoneofthebestwaystodeepenunderstandingofanotherculture.There’snoneedtobeacertifiedEnglishteacherinordertogoabroad.InthisprograminChina,soon-to-beteachersgoabroadtoobtaintheirTeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguage(TEFL)certifications.AbeginningteacherinChinawillearn$2,500forworkingsixmonths,plusroomandboard.Acruiseshipisafloatingvillage.Therefore,anyjobthatyoucouldhaveinavillageyoucouldhaveonboardaship-evenauctioneering(做拍卖师).Carnivalishiringanartauctioneertoworkaboardaluxurycruiseship.Theonlyqualificationsnecessaryareacollegedegreeandpublicspeakingskills.Going…going…sold.WritetherailsWriterscanreimaginethemselvesasrail-surfingJackKerouacs,crossingthecountryandwritingfromcoasttocoastontheAmtrakWriter’sResidency.Theapplicationprocessconsistsoftwoquestions,aswellastheopportunitytoprovideuptoa20-pagewritingsample.Amtrakwillselect24writerstoparticipateintheprogramwiththehelpfromapanelofjudges.Althoughtheprojectwon’treplaceafull-timejob,it’sreallyafunopportunity.Theapplicationperiodfor2022hasclosed,butapplicationswillreopeninthefall.9\n1.Whichjobrequiresacollegedegree?A.RepresentingabroadB.TeachingEnglishinChinaC.SellingartontheseasD.Writingtherails2.Theadvertisementisintendedfor.A.thosewhoaretiredoftheirpresentjobsB.thosewhowanttohaveajobwithtravelingC.thosewhojustgraduatefromuniversityD.thosewhowanttogoonvacationabroad3.WhatmayJackKerouacsbe?A.DirectoroftheAmtrakWriter’sResidencyB.Asportsmandevotedtorail-surfingC.AnapplicantoftheprogramD.Afamouswriter【语篇解读】这则广告是为那些想要在旅行中工作的人，推荐了一些职位。1.C【解析】细节理解题。由Carnivalishiringanartauctioneertoworkaboardaluxurycruiseship.Theonlyqualificationsnecessaryareacollegedegreeandpublicspeakingskills.Going…going…sold.可知在海上卖艺术品要求大学学历，选C。3.D【解析】细节理解题。由Writerscanreimaginethemselvesasrail-surfingJackKerouacs,crossingthecountryandwritingfromcoasttocoastontheAmtrakWriter’sResidency.可知JackKerouacs可能是一位著名作家，选D。二、语法填空。Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren，__1__(give)upitsdecadeslongonechildpolicy,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)__2__(announce)afterakeymeetingonThursday.Thechangeofpolicyisintendedtobalancepopulationdevelopmentandmeetthe9\nchallengeofanagingpopulation,accordingtoacommuniqué(公报)__3__(issue)aftertheFifthPlenarySessionofthe18thCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralCommitteeheldfromMondaytoThursday.Theproposalmustbeapprovedbythetoplegislature(立法机关)__4__itcomesintoforce.China'sfamilyplanningpolicywasfirstintroducedinthelate1970s__5__(control)therapid__6__(grow)ofthepopulationbylimitingmosturbancouples__7__onechild,andastoruralcouples,theycanhavetwochildrenonconditionthattheirfirstbornchildwasagirl.Thepolicywaslaterrelaxed.Parents__8__werebothonlychildrenintheirfamilycouldhave__9__secondchild.Theonechildpolicywas__10__(far)loosenedinNovember2022aftertheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralCommittee,andcouplesareallowedtohavetwochildrenifoneofthemisanonlychild.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。1．giving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语China与giveup之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词ing形式作状语，故填giving。2．announced　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语onThursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。3．issued　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与communiqué之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。4．before　考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。5．tocontrol　考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6．growth　考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7．to　考查介词。limit...to...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。8．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。9．a　考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子”。9\n10．further　考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填further。三、完形填空。阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。ThoughDadlookedtiredandweak，hissmilewasassureasever.Itwasanother__1__ofpneumonia(肺炎)．MyhusbandandIstayedwithhimforthe__2__buthadtoreturntoourjobsbyMondaymorning.LocalrelativeswouldseethatDadwashomefromthehospital，andtheywouldvisithim__3__，preparehismealsandtakehimtohisdoctorappointments.ButI__4__tobeabletolethimknowthatwe__5__，too，evenwhenweweren'twithhim.ThenIrememberedafamily__6__Istartedwhenourchildrenweresmall.Whenleavingtheirgrandparents'homeafteravisit，eachchildwould__7__alovenoteinthehouseforthemto__8__afterweweregone.Theyhidnotessomewhere.Fordaysafterour__9__，theirgrandparentswould__10__astheydiscoveredtheseremindersofourlove.SoasI__11__Dad'srooms，Ibeganwritingnotes.Somewere__12__.“Dad，Iputthemilkinthefridgesoitwouldn't__13__.”Someexpressedmylove.“Dad，Ihopeyousleepwellinyournewbed.”Mostnoteswere__14__wherehewouldlivedforseveralweeksuntilheregained__15__，butonenoteIhidupstairsunderhispillow.“Dad，ifyouhavefoundthisnote，youmustbefeelingbetter.Weareso__16__！”WhileotherscaredforDad'sdaily__17__，we，ofcourse，wouldstayintouchbyphone.Butournoteswerea__18__reminderofourloveandconcernforhimduringthisrecoveryperiod.Justlikehismedicinesimprovedhimphysically，these“__19__vitamins”(维生素)wouldimprovehisspiritualhealth.Severalweekslater，Dadphonedandsaid，“I'lltellyouthatIjustfoundyour__20__undermyupstairspillow！”Ismiledatlast.1．A.experienceB．attackC．disasterD．pain2．A.weekdayB．nightC．weekendD．holiday3．A.regularlyB．rarelyC．suddenlyD．occasionally9\n4．A.happenedB．dreamedC．agreedD．longed5．A.fearedB．caredC．calmedD．regretted6．A.hobbyB．gameC．traditionD．business7．A.hideB．writeC．copyD．leave8．A.recallB．rememberC．enjoyD．find9．A.exchangeB．departureC．arrivalD．escape10．A.weepB．sighC．smileD．scream11．A.tidiedB．enteredC．designedD．equipped12．A.briefB．seriousC．sincereD．practical13．A.spillB．spoilC．boilD．freeze14．A.upstairsB．downstairsC．outsideD．indoors15．A.senseB．wealthC．strengthD．consciousness16．A.gladB．fortunateC．anxiousD．busy17．A.exercisesB．needsC．feelingsD．sufferings18．A.finalB．visualC．smoothD．concrete19．A.emotionalB．expensiveC．effectiveD．excellent20．A.giftB．loveC．noteD．letter9\n【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。父亲得了肺炎后，作者夫妻俩由于工作日要工作，不能照顾父亲，心中感到非常难过。这时作者想起了家庭的传统，于是便带着孩子一起在父亲家里藏各种各样的表达爱的纸条，帮助父亲一起从疾病中康复过来。1．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指父亲第二次肺炎发作。A项意为“经历”；B项意为“发作，侵袭”；C项意为“灾难”；D项意为“疼痛”。故选B项。2．C　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“buthadtoreturntoourjobsbyMondaymorning”可知，此处指“我”和丈夫周末陪父亲。A项意为“工作日”；B项意为“晚上”；C项意为“周末”；D项意为“假期”。故选C项。3．A　考查副词辨析。根据空格后的“preparehismealsandtakehimtohisdoctorappointments”并结合四个选项可知，此处指亲戚们定期地去家里看望父亲，给他准备吃的，带他去看医生。A项意为“定期地，有规律地”；B项意为“很少”；C项意为“突然”；D项意为“偶尔”。故选A项。4．D　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“我”渴望让父亲知道“我们”也关心他，甚至在“我们”不在他身边的时候。A项意为“发生”；B项意为“梦想”；C项意为“同意”；D项意为“渴望”。故选D项。5．B　考查动词辨析。上文提到亲戚们会定期去家里看望父亲，照顾他，此处承接上文，指“我”渴望让父亲知道“我们”也关心他。A项意为“害怕”；B项意为“关心，关怀”；C项意为“使镇静”；D项意为“后悔，遗憾”。故选B项。6．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文内容可知，此处指一个家庭的传统。A项意为“爱好”；B项意为“游戏”；C项意为“传统”；D项意为“生意”。故选C项。7．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文“Theyhidnotessomewhere.”可知，此处指每个孩子在屋子都会藏一张爱的纸条。A项意为“藏，隐蔽”；B项意为“写”；C项意为“复制，抄写”；D项意为“离开”。故选A项。8．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“theirgrandparentswould________astheydiscoveredtheseremindersofourlove”可知，此处指当“我们”离开后，“我”的父母会找到这些爱的纸条。A项意为“回忆”；B项意为“记得”；C项意为“喜欢，享受”；D项意为“找到，发现”。故选D项。9．B　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“afterweweregone”可知，此处指当我们离开后的几天里。A项意为“交换”；B项意为“离开”；C项意为“到达”；D项意为“逃跑”。故选B项。10．C　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“astheydiscoveredtheseremindersofourlove”可知，此处指当他们找到这些爱的纸条后，会露出笑容。A项意为“哭泣”；B项意为“叹气”；C项意为“微笑”；D项意为“尖叫”。故选C项。9\n11．A　考查动词辨析。根据语境并结合四个选项可知，“我”整理父亲的房间时，开始写纸条。A项意为“整理，使整洁”；B项意为“进入”；C项意为“设计”；D项意为“装备”。故选A项。12．D　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“Dad,Iputthemilkinthefridgesoitwouldn't________.”可知，一些纸条的内容是实用的。A项意为“简洁的”；B项意为“严肃的，严重的”；C项意为“真诚的”；D项意为“实际的，真实的”。故选D项。13．B　考查动词辨析。根据常识和语境可知，此处指把牛奶放在冰箱里，这样它就不会变质了。A项意为“溢出，泼出”；B项意为“变质，变坏，腐败”；C项意为“烧开，煮沸”；D项意为“冷藏”。故选B项。14．B　考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“butonenoteIhidupstairsunderhispillow”可知，此处指“我”把大多数纸条放在了楼下。A项意为“楼上”；B项意为“在楼下”；C项意为“在外面”；D项意为“在室内”。故选B项。15．C　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“Dad,ifyouhavefoundthisnote，youmustbefeelingbetter.”可知，父亲会在楼下待几周直到他体力恢复。A项意为“感觉”；B项意为“财富”；C项意为“体力，力气”；D项意为“知觉”。故选C项。16．A　考查形容词辨析。根据上下文和常识可知，当得知父亲身体恢复健康后，“我们”都非常高兴。A项意为“高兴的”；B项意为“幸运的”；C项意为“焦急的”；D项意为“忙碌的”。故选A项。17．B　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“we,ofcourse,wouldstayintouchbyphone”可知，其他人来照顾父亲的日常需要。A项意为“练习”；B项意为“需要”；C项意为“感觉”；D项意为“痛苦，苦难”。故选B项。18．D　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“reminderofourloveandconcernforhimduringthisrecoveryperiod”可知，这些纸条是我们对父亲的爱的具体表达。A项意为“最终的”；B项意为“视觉的”；C项意为“光滑的”；D项意为“具体的，确实的”。故选D项。19．A　考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“wouldimprovehisspiritualhealth”可知，这些情感的维生素改善了父亲的精神状态。A项意为“情感的，情绪的”；B项意为“昂贵的”；C项意为“有效的”；D项意为“卓越的”。故选A项。20．C　考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“butonenoteIhidupstairsunderhispillow”可知，此处指父亲告诉“我”，他找到了“我”藏在楼上的纸条。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“爱”；C项意为“便条，短笺”；D项意为“信”。故选C项。长难句分析：Whenleavingtheirgrandparents'homeafteravisit，eachchildwouldhidealovenoteinthehouseforthemtofindafterweweregone.(第二段第二句)分析：When引导时间状语从句，此处省略主语eachchild和be动词；after引导时间状语从句。9\n译文：当每一个孩子拜访他们的祖父母之后要离开的时候，他们都会在房子里藏一张充满爱的纸条让祖父母在他们走后寻找。四、短文改错。Oneday,anoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenly,abagofwastefellinthesky,nearlyhittinghimonhishead.Hewasgreatlyfrighteningbytheunexpectedincident.Droppedthethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.Whatdangerousitwas!Obviously,theaccidentcausedbyacarelessneighbourlivinghighlyinanapartment.Itwasthatpersonwhowastoblamefor.Everyoneofusshouldbehavepolitelyandthinkmoreaboutother.Onlywhenweeachbehavedproperlycanoursocietybechangedintoapleasantone.答案：Oneday,anoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenly,abagofwastefellthesky,nearlyhittinghimonhead.Hewasgreatlybytheunexpectedincident.thethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.dangerousitwas!Obviously,theaccidentcausedbyacarelessneighbourlivinginanapartment.Itwasthatpersonwhowastoblame.Everyoneofusshouldbehavepolitelyandthinkmoreabout.Onlywhenweeachproperlycanoursocietybechangedintoapleasantone.难项分析：第二处：his→the　考查冠词。动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位为固定用法，此处表示“几乎击中了他的头部”。第四处：Dropped→Dropping　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语he与分词之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。第九处：other→others　考查代词。other为形容词“其他的”；others为代词，指代“其他人”。五、七选五9\n9