2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit2TheUnitedKingdom含解析新人教版必修5

TheUnitedKingdom李仕才一、阅读理解。Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal’sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures，”commentedtheleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingaphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,“Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytoreevaluateitsprey’s(猎物)position.Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensioninwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisaconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。8\n1．Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?A．Paceoflifeofanimals.B．Timeperceptionofanimals.C．Lifetimeofsmallanimals.D．Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，“Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal’sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。2．WhatdoesKevinHealy’scommentmeaninPara.2?A．Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.B．Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.C．Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.D．Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段KevinHealy所说的话可知，KevinHealy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。3．Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?A．Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B．Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.C．Theycanprocessinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.D．Theycansendinformationtothebrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。4．Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?A．Trytorunasfastasitcan.8\nB．Preventitselffrombecomingblind.C．Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.D．Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。二、语法填空。InBritainsomeonewhohelpschildrencrossthestreet__1__(call)“lollipopperson”，becausetheirsignlookslikealollipop(棒棒糖)．Thejobofalollipoppersonistowalktothemiddleoftheroadata(n)__2__(suit)time,holdingupthesign.Itisalegal__3__(require)fortraffictostopatthiscommand.Thelollipoppersonwillsignalthatitisallrighttocrosstheroad__4__(safe).Trafficmayonlymoveoncethesignhasbeenlowered.Generallyspeaking,schoolcrossingsaremannedforapproximately3hoursadayorless.Asaresult,theworkhasalwaysappealedmore__5__peopleseekingtosupplementtheirincomesuchas__6__retired.Lollipoppeoplewereintroducedtoenablepolicemen,__7__hadpreviouslyruncrossingpatrols(巡逻),toperformotherduties.Theearliestlollipopswereredandblackrectangles__8__(say)“Stop,childrencrossing.”In2022inEuropepatrollersweregivenextrapowersallowingthem__9__(assist)adultswithcrossing,too.ThemostrecentchangeinthehistoryoftheSchoolCrossingPatrolsawtheword“children”__10__(replace)withasymboltobringtheUKinlinewiththerestoftheEU(欧盟)．1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国协助交通的交通安全员的情况。1．iscalled　考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；call意为“把……叫作”，与主语someone之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；因主语someone是单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故填iscalled。2．suitable　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合适的时间”，应用形容词作定语修饰名词time。故填suitable。3．requirement　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合法的要求”。形容词legal用来修饰名词，其前有冠词a，故用require的名词形式requirement。4．safely　考查词性转换。此处表示“安全地过马路”，应用副词修饰动词短语crosstheroad，故用safe的副词形式safely。8\n5．to　考查介词。appealto意为“吸引”，为固定短语。故填to。6．the　考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。theretired意为“退休的人”，符合语境。故填the。7．who　考查定语从句的引导词。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句“__7__hadpreviouslyruncrossingpatrols(巡逻)”中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。8．saying　考查非谓语动词。空格处作后置定语，say与被修饰的名词“redandblackrectangles”之间为主动关系，意为“写着”。故填say的现在分词形式saying。9．toassist　考查非谓语动词。allowsb.todosth.意为“允许某人做某事”，是固定结构。故填toassist。10．replaced　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“看见单词‘children’被一个符号代替”，replace与saw的宾语“theword”之间为被动关系，故用replace的过去分词形式，作saw的宾语补足语。故填replaced。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Myfiancé(未婚夫)andIdecidedtodaywasthedaytotreatourselvestoanicedinner.It__1__as“ourday”，butlittledidweknowthatitwouldturnintomuch__2__.Ididn'twantthewholedaytobeaboutwantingto__3__theofficefortheupcoming(即将到来的)__4__andIdidn'twantittobejustanotherromanticnightfortwo，__5__Idecidedtodosomethingtomakeourselvesandothershappy.Ibeganinsmallways.I__6__afewmorecoinsintothefoodvendingmachines(自动售货机)atworkforthestaff，sothattherewouldbesomethingforthenext__7__worker.Ipostedsmilesignsinthehallwhichgave__8__instructionsonhowtosmileas__9__enteredtheoffice，eitherbeforetheirmorningcupofcoffeeorrightbeforeameetingwiththeirboss.Idraftedsomepowerfulwordsofinspirationoncolorfulstripsofpaperanddecoratedmy__10__，sothatanycolleaguewhocamebymightjust__11__foramoment，read，and__12__changetheirfeeling.Whenitcametimeforourlovelydinnerto__13__thatnight，Ilefttheserverabig__14__andawellwishingnoteforhertohavea__15__day.AsmyfianceandIwerejustabouttoleaveourtable，thewaitress__16__tearsbesideus.Weaskedherto__17__withusandwejustlistened.Asanemotionalmothertobe，I__18__alongwithher，too.Ourtablefortwowasnowfor__19__.Itwasadaythatwasnot__20__ours，butitwasthewaitress'day，mycoworkers'8\nday，andnowit'syourdaytoo!1．A.started　　　　　B．adaptedC．disappearedD．finished2．A.laterB．worseC．moreD．earlier3．A.applyB．leaveC．findD．stay4．A.partyB．picnicC．banquetD．dinner5．A.ifB．thoughC．soD．because6．A.turnedB．putC．madeD．hid7．A.fullB．sleepyC．angryD．hungry8．A.fewB．cleanC．clearD．puzzling9．A.employeesB．managersC．friendsD．bosses10．A.homeB．officeC．restaurantD．bedroom11．A.stopB．runC．eatD．buy12．A.neverB．hardlyC．frequentlyD．perhaps13．A.changeB．beginC．ariseD．end14．A.billB．tipC．orderD．menu15．A.wonderfulB．carefulC．busyD．anxious16．A.lookedintoB．cameintoC．madeintoD．burstinto17．A.standupB．sitdown8\nC．goawayD．stayup18．A.smiledB．shoutedC．criedD．cheered19．A.threeB．fourC．fiveD．six20．A.everB．usualC．justD．even【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于他们自己的特殊一天里，作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾谋面的陌生人，让爱和温暖滋润他人。1．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“butlittledidweknowthatitwouldturnintomuch________”及下文内容可知，这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。start意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。2．C　考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“butitwasthewaitress'day，mycoworkers'day,andnowit'syourdaytoo”可知，“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有意义，是更多人的一天。more意为“更多”，符合语境。故选C。3．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。leave意为“离开”，符合语境。故选B。4．D　考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“anicedinner”可知，此处指即将到来的晚餐。故选D。5．C　考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫，她也想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选C。6．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B项意为“放，安置”，符合语境。故选B。7．D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“foodvendingmachines(自动售货机)”可知，此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币，是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西吃。hungry意为“饥饿的”，符合语境。故选D。8．C　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“Ipostedsmilesignsinthehall”可知，此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。clear意为“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合语境。故选C。9．A　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“rightbeforeameetingwiththeirboss”可知，此处应指雇员。故选A。10．B　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“anycolleaguewhocameby”可知，作者装饰的是办公室。故选B。8\n11．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“foramoment，read”可知，路过的同事们看到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选A。12．D　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心情。此处表推测。故选D。13．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Ilefttheserver...”可推知，此处应表示在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。故选D。14．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚的小费。B项意为“小费”，符合语境。故选B。15．A　考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“awellwishingnote”可知，作者的便条是祝愿服务员有美好的一天。wonderful意为“精彩的，绝妙的”，符合语境。故选A。16．D　考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知，服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了。burstintotears意为“突然哭了”，符合语境。故选D。17．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“withus”可知，作者邀请服务员坐下来，听她倾诉。B项意为“坐下”，符合语境。故选B。18．C　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“Asanemotionalmothertobe”及语境可知，服务员突然哭起来，而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选C。19．A　考查数词辨析。根据上文可知，作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着，因此一共是三个人。故选A。20．C　考查副词辨析。句意为：这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的，也是属于服务员的、我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选C。四、短文改错。Lastmonth,I,aswellasmyparents,wereinvitedtomyuncle'shomeintheUnitedStates.Myuncle,movedtoAmericawhenIwasfive,hasbeenlivingtherefornearlytenyears.Shemetusattheairport.IwasexcitingwhenIsetmyfootonthelandofAmerica.Inthefolloweddays,wevisitedsomeplacesofinterestandtookphotosinthefrontoftheStatueofLiberty.WeallenjoyedvisitingtheMuseumofNaturalHistorysoitenrichedourknowledgegreat.Forme,thisisoneofthemostrewardingtripswhichIhaveevermadeinmylifeandIamlookingforwardtogothereagain.答案：Lastmonth,I,aswellasmyparents,invitedtomyuncle'shomeintheUnitedStates.Myuncle,movedtoAmericawhenIwasfive,hasbeenlivingthere8\nfornearlytenyears.metusattheairport.IwaswhenIsetmyfootonthelandofAmerica.Inthedays,wevisitedsomeplacesofinterestandtookphotosinfrontoftheStatueofLiberty.WeallenjoyedvisitingtheMuseumofNaturalHistoryitenrichedourknowledge.Forme,thisisoneofthemostrewardingtripsIhaveevermadeinmylifeandIamlookingforwardtothereagain.难项分析：第一处：were→was　考查主谓一致。主语后接aswellas引导的短语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语来决定。故were改为was。第四处：exciting→excited　考查形容词。此处指人内心的感受，所以用ed结尾的形容词。故exciting改为excited。第九处：which→that　考查定语从句的引导词。先行词前由形容词最高级修饰，关系词只能用that不能用which。五、七选五8