2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit2TheUnitedKingdom含解析新人教版必修5

TheUnitedKingdom李仕才一、阅读理解。Belowareseveralsuggestionstohelpyou,theworkaholic,re-focusandgetthebestoutoflife.EIGHTHOURSOFSLEEP!Makeitapointtogetatleasteighthoursofsleepandplentyofrest.Don’tbelievethatyoucanalways“catchsomesleeporrestlater”.Yourbodycannotmakeupforlostsleeporresttimebecauseitisnotphysiologicallypossible.STRICTLYFAMILYONWEEKENDS!ResolvetomakeSaturdaysandSundaysstrictlyforfamilytime.Andsticktothis!MondaysuntilFridaysyoumakeanexcusenottorelaxandspendtimewithyourfamilybecauseit’sworktime,whynotmakeasimilarexcuseforSaturdaysandSundays?“Ican’tworktodaybecauseI’mspendingtimewithmyfamily.”GETSOMEFOODIN!Makesureyougetfoodinyourstomach.Workaholicsareknowntobefood-skippers.Ifyoucan’taffordtogetoffyourdeskorfromdoingpaperwork,havefooddeliveredtoyou.It’salwaysagoodideaifyouhavecrackersonyourdrawertoeasethehungerpangs.CONFINEWORK!Resolvetoconfineworkinyouroffice.Don’tbringworktoyourhome!Keepthosefilesinyourofficedeskwheretheybelong.Practiceworkingonlywithinyourworkinghours.Ifyouhaveaneight-to-fiveworkingschedule,sticktoit.WORKUPTHOSEMUSCLES!Exercise,exercise,exercise!Setasideatleastanhoureachdayoreveryotherdayforexercise.Yourbodyneedstobeconditioned,andworkingnon-stopisn’tgoingtogiveittheproperphysicalconditioningitneeds.Sincemostworkaholicstendtohavetheirbehindsstuckontheirchairs,it’sevenmoreimportantthatyougetsomeexercise.MAKEAPLAN!Planyourday.Workononlyoneortwothingsatatime.It’smucheasiertoworkonsomethingandfinishitfirstandthenmoveontothenextratherthandoanumberofthingsallatthesametimeandneverfinishoraccomplish9\nanythingattheendoftheday.Makeoutalistofpriorities.Writedownthingsthatneedtobeworkedonimmediatelyorareurgent,keepingtheleastonesatthebottomofyourlist.Afteryou’vedonethis,beguidedbythislist.Turningthisactivityintoahabitwillalsohelpyoumanageyourtimebetter,bemoreorganized,andaccomplishmore.【文章大意】本文对工作狂们提出如何更好地聚焦生活,提高效率的方法及建议。1.Thepassageisintendedfor________.A.thosewhoarehardworkingB.thosewhoconsiderworkthecenteroftheirlifeC.thosewhokeepthemselveshealthyandaliveD.thosewholiveabusy,successfulandhappylife【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据开篇第一句话提到“Belowareseveralsuggestionstohelpyou,theworkaholic,re-focusandgetthebestoutoflife.”以及下面这些建议来帮助那些工作狂们,聚焦生活,故选B项。2.Bymakingaplan,theauthormeans________.A.workingononlyoneortwothingseachdayB.finishinganumberofthingsatonceC.organizingyourtimeandfinishingurgentthingsfirstD.accomplishingasmuchworkaspossibleatanygivenmoment【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段提到“It’smucheasiertoworkonsomethingandfinishitfirstandthenmoveontothenextratherthandoanumberofthingsallatthesametimeandneverfinishoraccomplishanythingattheendoftheday.”可知做好计划,计划好时间,完成必须完成的工作,故选C项。3.Theunderlinedword“confine”inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.giveup　B.start　C.practice　D.restrict【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据文中提到“Don’tbringworktoyourhome!Keepthosefilesinyourofficedeskwheretheybelong.”可知不要带工作回家,即限制自己的工作,所以选D项。4.Iftherewereonemoresuggestion,itcouldbe________.A.WORKTOLIVE!9\nB.LIVETOWORK!C.MAKEWORKYOURLIFE!D.STOPTOENJOYWORKING!【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一句话提到“Turningthisactivityintoahabitwillalsohelpyoumanageyourtimebetter,bemoreorganized,andaccomplishmore.”把这种行为转化成一种习惯,将帮你更好地利用时间,下一步提到工作的意义,故选A项。二、单句语法填空1．________(attract)bythemoviestarringJetLi,Idecidedtoseeitagain.答案：Attracted　attract与其逻辑主语I之间为动宾关系，故应用过去分词attracted作状语。2．I'llappreciateitifyoucanreplytomyletter________yourearliestconvenience.答案：at　atyourearliestconvenience为固定短语，意为“尽快”。3．Wewere________(delight)thatweweresuccessfulinourexperiment.答案：delighted　delighted“高兴的；快乐的”，常用于修饰人，表示人的心理活动。4．Itisnecessarythattheproblem________(discuss)atonce.答案：(should)bediscussed　Itisnecessarythatsth./sb.(should)dosth.为固定句型，本句中，theproblem和discuss之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。5．Iamlookingforwardtobeingtoldaboutyour________(arrange)ofvacation.答案：arrangements　arrangement“安排”，常用复数形式。6．Evenif________(invite)to,Iwon'tgotosuchabadlecture.答案：invited　所填词为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：Evenif(Iam)invitedto...。7．MrGreenisinchargeofalargecompany________(consist)ofmorethan2,000workers.答案：consisting　consistof“由……组成”，无被动语态，故应用现在分词形式作后置定语，修饰company。8．Whenwoulditbe________(convenience)foryoutostartwork?答案：convenient　Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.“对某人来说做某事是方便的”。9．Successconsists________theabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.答案：in　句意：成功在于历经失败却持续努力的能力。consistin“在于”。9\n10．Thisjobdoesn'tpaywell,butit'll________(rough)coveryourdailyexpenses.答案：roughly　roughly“粗略地”，在此处修饰动词cover，应用副词。三、完形填空。Researchconfirmthatperformingactsofkindnessandsharingthankfulthoughtshavemanypositiveeffectsonmoodandhealth.Theyareamongthetopfivepredictorsofhappiness.Whenyoufeelthankfulforsomething.that’sgratitude.Younevergetitoutof___1___;youareclearwhoorwhatisresponsible,whetherthat’salovedone,astrange,orahigherpower.Gratitudeishowyou___2___tootherswhenyouseeyourselfinconnectionwiththingslargerthanyourself.___3___,thisunderstandingofourrelianceonothersisbecomingmore___4___today.Withcommercialandsocialmedia,everythi8ngmakestheyoungergenerationfeelthattheyarethe___5___oftheuniverse.Ifit’sallaboutthem,whythankothers?Iftrue,therewouldbeadisturbing___6___trend.Canadianresearchersfoundthatpeoplewhowrotethank-youlettersorperformedgooddeedsforasix-weekperioddecreasedtheirpain,uppedtheirenergy,andimprovedtheirmentalhealth.Andyoucan___7___thesebenefitsatanyage.Oldpeoplewhochoosetobethankfularelesslikelytoworryabouttheir___8___health.Gratitudetendstobeeasilyspread,aswell.Thosewhoarehelpedaremorelikelytopaykindness___9___.Onestudyfoundthatwhensomeoneisthanked,itmorethandoubleshisorherchancesofbeing___10___again,likelybecauseheorsheenjoysfeelingsocially___11___.Ifyouaren’tparticularlygratefulnow,youcanlearntobe.Peoplewhokeepajournalofthreepositivethingsthathappentothemeachday___12___health-includingthankfulness.Atfirst,itmaybedifficultto___13___thegoodthingsthatoccur.But___14___,yourtraingetstrainedintoamoreappreciativemode.Andintheend,thejournalbecomesabookofjoyful___15___.Gratitudetrainingcertainlycomestoyouraidduringthe___16___timesbecauseagreaterappreciationforlifeisthe___17___youfocuson.___18___yourgratefulness9\ndirectlywiththepersonyoufeelgratefulto,thebenefitsofhappiness___19___.Youdon’tneedascientificstudytoknowthatshowingandacceptinggratitudecanensureyouan___20___life,amuchbetterlifethanyouthought.语篇解读：心存感恩会给你的情绪和健康带来益处，现在的人们越来越缺少感恩之心，作者认为我们应该从日常训练感恩意识开始，培养我们的感恩情怀。做题时，把握作者态度，考虑上下文语境。1.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything.【答案】C【解析】结合空白处上一句，当你为某事感到感激的时候，这就是感谢。接着下一句Younevergetitoutofnothing，这里的意思是，“你绝不会无缘无故明白它”，短语outofnothing指“无中生有”，故选C。2.A.referB.submitC.subscribeD.relate【答案】D【解析】referto参考，涉及；submitto屈服于；subscribeto订阅；relateto关系到。结合语境，感恩就是在和他人建立联系的时候，不只是关注自身。用relatedto，表示与他人建立联系。故选D。3.A.ThereforeB.MeanwhileC.BesidesD.However【答案】D【解析】therefore因此；meanwhile同时；besides除此之外；however然而。结合下文，现在的人变得越来越以自我为中心，大家的感激意识变得越来越淡。此处表转折，用however,故选D。4.A.beneficialB.difficultC.stubbornD.ridiculous【答案】B【解析】beneficial有益的，有用的；difficult困难的；stubborn顽固的；ridiculous荒唐的。结合语境，现在的人们把得到别人的帮助当做理所当然的事情，所以这种understanding变得越来越困难了，用9\ndifficult。故选B。5.A.masterB.centerC.survivorD.creator【答案】B【解析】master大师；center中心；survivor幸存者；creator创造者。结合语境，商业和社会媒体，让年轻的一代认为自己是宇宙的中心。言外之意就是年轻人现在越来越以自我为中心，不懂得感恩。故选B。6.A.healthB.mentalC.culturalD.vital【答案】A【解析】health健康；mental情绪的；cultural文化的；vital极其重要的。结合语境，如果这一切是真的，那么这是一个不健康的趋势。结合文章可知作者持否定态度，故选A。7.A.continueB.approachC.sustainD.reap【答案】D【解析】continue持续；approach接近；sustain支撑；reap收获。结合空白处前面一句“Canadianresearchersfoundthat...”介绍了常怀感恩和行善能够得到一些好处，所以这里应该是收获thesebenefits，用reap，故选D。8.A.originalB.improvingC.failingD.falling【答案】C【解析】original最初的；improving提高的；failing失败的；falling下降的，跌落的。前一句谈论了任何年龄的人都可以获益，这里形容老年人的糟糕的健康问题，用failing，故选C。9.A.upwardB.downwardC.backwardD.forward【答案】D【解析】空白处前一句“Gratitudetendstobeeasilyspread,aswell.Thosewhoarehelpedaremorelikelyto...”感恩很容易传播出去，这些被帮助的人更愿意把善良传下去。paykindness9\nforward，把善良传递下去。故选D。10.A.thankfulB.respectfulC.helpfulD.careful【答案】C【解析】结合上一句“onestudyfoundthatwhensomeoneisthanked.itmorethandoubleshisorherchancesofbeing..”一个研究发现，当某人被感谢过，那么他会有两倍的概率去再次帮助别人，beinghelpful乐于助人，同时符合前文所说的感恩很容易被传播的观点。故选C。11.A.valuedB.influencedC.attractedD.noticed【答案】A【解析】valued有价值的；influenced有影响的；attracted有吸引力的；noticed注意的。结合语境推理，这些人更容易去帮助别人，因为他们喜欢感受到自己的社会价值。故选A。12.A.cultivateB.emphasizeC.benefitD.possess【答案】A【解析】cultivate培养；emphasize强调；benefit有益于；possess拥有。结合前一句“Ifyouaren’tparticularlygratefulnow,youcanlearntobe.如果你现在还缺乏感恩，你可以学着去做”，所以这里应该是要培养(cultivate)health-includingthankfulness。13.A.analyzeB.recognizeC.summarizeD.organize【答案】B【解析】analyze分析；recognize意识，认识；summarize总结；organize组织。结合语境，这里的意思是，首先你也许不能意识到产生好的效果，用recognize，故选B。14.A.roughlyB.decidedlyC.graduallyD.accidentally【答案】C【解析】roughly粗糙地；decidedly果断的；gradually渐渐地；accidentally偶然地。结合前一句说你可能9\n不会一下子获得成效，那么可以推断，这是一个日积月累的过程，用gradually，故选C。15.A.essaysB.thoughtsC.filesD.memories【答案】D【解析】essays文章；thoughts思想；files文件；memories记忆；结合前文“keepajournalofthreepositivethingsthathappentothemeachday”可知，经过日积月累，最后都变成了有意义的记忆，故选D。16.A.darkB.goldenC.sharpD.urgent【答案】A【解析】dark黑暗的；golden黄金的；sharp锋利的，激烈的，敏锐的，机警的；urgent紧急的。结合语境,“Gratitudetrainingcertainlycomestoyouraidduringthe...”感恩锻炼能帮助你，因为帮助你，所以一定是在duringthedarktime，故选A。17.A.sceneB.partC.planD.potential【答案】B【解析】scene场景；part部分；plan计划；potential潜力，潜能。结合语境，这里说处于生活的最黑暗的时期，感激会帮助你，因为更加懂得感激生活是你聚焦的那一部分。言外之意就是感激训练让你在最黑暗的日子也会感恩生活。故选B。18.A.SupplyingB.ExperiencingC.StartingD.Recalling【答案】C【解析】supplying供应；experiencing经历；staring开始；recalling召回。结合语境，这里说从感谢你认为应该从感谢的人开始，startwith意为“从……开始”，故选C。19.A.disappearB.accumulateC.emergeD.weaken【答案】B【解析】disappear消失；accumulate积累；emerge出现；weaken变弱。结合语境，这有利于幸福的积累，9\n用accumulate，故选B。20.A.enrichedB.engagedC.enlargedD.addicted【答案】A【解析】enriched丰富的；engaged投入的；enlarged扩大的；addicted上瘾的。结合下一句“amuchbetterlifethanyouthought.”，这里应该是丰富我们的生活，用enriched，故选A。四、单句改错1．Theoldmanhasbeenfiredandnowayoungmantakesplace._____________________________________________________答案：takes后加his　takeone'splace“代替某人”，相当于taketheplaceofsb.。2．Whenfirstwasintroducedtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess._____________________________________________________答案：去掉was　前一句子为状语从句的省略形式，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可以把从句的主语(或it)连同be动词一同省略。3．Myhusbandarrangedmetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday._____________________________________________________答案：arranged后加for　arrangeforsb.todosth.“安排某人做某事”。4．WheninSeniorHigh,myclasswasconsistedof55students._____________________________________________________答案：去掉was　consistof“由……组成”，不用于被动语态和进行时，故将was去掉。5．Toourdelighted,everythinggoeswell._____________________________________________________答案：delighted→delight　toone'sdelight“令某人高兴的是”。9