2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit3Lifeinthefuture含解析新人教版必修5

Unit3Lifeinthefuture李仕才一、阅读理解。Since1985，JohnnyJennings,86，hasbeensellingnewspapersandmagazinestoarecyclingcenterwithhisson.BythetimeJennings'onlychildwas17，hestoppedjoininghisfather.Eventhoughhissonisallgrownupnow，Jenningshasn'tsloweddownhisefforts.Infact，hehasturnedhisrecyclingmoneyintosomethingbigger.TheRinggold，Georgianativevisitslocalchurchesandbusinessestocollectpaper，whichhebringstoarecyclingcenterformoney.Butinsteadofputtingthoseearningsinhisownbankaccount，hesendseverydollartoGeorgiaBaptistChildren'sHomes&FamilyMinistries.Onceayear，he'llgivetheorganizationachecksomewherebetween$10,000and$35,000.By2022，thattalliedupto$400,000.Thesedays，Jennings'recyclinghasturnedintoacommunityeffort.Afterhehasmadehisownroundsrecyclingpaperfrombusinessesandchurches，he'llfindmoreitemswaitingforhimathome.Communitymembersdropoffotherrecyclablesathishousesohecansellthem，alongwithbooks，food，clothes，andotheritemstogiveaway.Recyclingcenterstypicallypayjustonehalftothreecentsperpoundofpaper，butJennings'visitshaveaddedupthebigtime.In2022alone，hesoldmorethan400,000poundsofpaperand51,000aluminumcans(铝罐)，andcollectedmorethan32,000pennies.Overthecourseof32yearshehasrecycledmorethan9.8millionpoundsofpaper，savinganestimated79,000treesintheprocess.Jenningssayshe'llcontinueraisingmoneyforcharityaslongashishealthallows.1．HowoldwasJohnnyJenningswhenhestartedrecycling?A．17.B．32.C．54.D．86.2．Theunderlinedword“tallied”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．addedB．lookedC．madeD．mixed3．Whatiscommunitymembers'attitudetowardsJohnnyJennings?A．Unclear.B．Doubtful.C．Tolerant.D．Supportive.4．WhatmakesJohnnyJenningsspecial?A．Hislonglifeandhobby.8\nB．Hisrecyclingworkanddonation.C．Thepennieshecollects.D．Theamountoftreesheplants.【解题导语】文章讲述了乐于助人的JohnnyJennings常年回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事。【难句分析】TheRinggold，Georgianativevisitslocalchurchesandbusinessestocollectpaper，whichhebringstoarecyclingcenterformoney.分析：这是一个主从复合句。句中which引导非限制性定语从句。译文：这个佐治亚州Ringgold市的本地人去当地的教堂和企业收集废纸，带到废品回收中心换钱。【背景知识】佐治亚州(Georgia，简称GA)，美国东南部7个州之一。北界田纳西州和北卡罗来纳州，南邻佛罗里达州，东北与南卡罗来纳州接壤，东南临大西洋，西毗亚拉巴马州，州府是亚特兰大。1．C　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since1985，JohnnyJennings,86，hasbeensellingnewspapersandmagazinestoarecyclingcenterwithhisson”和第四段中的“Overthecourseof32yearshehasrecycled”可知，JohnnyJennings开始回收废旧物品时应该是54岁。2．A　考查词义猜测。根据该词所在句及前一句“Onceayear,he'llgivetheorganizationachecksomewherebetween$10,000and$35,000.By2022,thattalliedupto$400,000”中的数据可知，tallied意为：计算总数。所以A项正确。3．D　考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Communitymembersdropoffotherrecyclablesathishousesohecansellthem，alongwithbooks，food，clothes,andotheritemstogiveaway”可知，JohnnyJennings所在社区的成员们支持他回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的工作。4．B　考查推理判断。文章讲述JohnnyJennings常年回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事。所以是回收废旧物品资助慈善机构的故事让JohnnyJennings与众不同。二、单句语法填空1．Shecan'ttolerate________(treat)thatway.答案：beingtreated　toleratedoingsth.“容忍做某事”。主语she与treat之间为被动关系，故填动名词的被动形式，即beingtreated。2．Yourartskillsareexcellentandadmirable,whichleavemeadeep________(impress)．答案：impression　leavesb.adeepimpression“给某人留下深刻印象”。8\n3．________(devote)tohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutotherthings.答案：Devoted　本句中含有bedevotedto的结构，结合句子结构可知，应用过去分词短语作状语，描述一种状态，即“潜心于研究工作”，故填devoted。4．Pleasepassthepapersontothestudents________(seat)atthebackoftheclassroom.答案：seated　分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰thestudents，因此用所给词的形容词形式表示“入座的，就座的”这种状态。故填seated。5．Salesdirectorisaposition________communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.答案：where　设空处所填词引导定语从句，指代表抽象地点的先行词position，关系词在从句中作状语，意为“在此职位上”，故填where。6．In________(come)theheadmaster,followedbyagroupofstudents.答案：came　表示方向的副词位于句首，且句子主语为名词，句子应采用全部倒装结构。7．Hetriedtorunawaybutgaveupwhenhefoundhimself________(surround)．答案：surrounded　本句中宾语himself和surround存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填surrounded。8．Theoldmangotonthebus,________(support)byagirl.答案：supported　theoldman与support之间为被动关系，故填过去分词supported，在此处作方式状语。9．Heisalwaysreadytotake________heavyresponsibilities.答案：up　takeup“开始担当(新的责任)”。takeupresponsibility“承担责任”。10．Nooneinthecarriagehad________(previous)spokentotheticketownerbefore.答案：previously　句意：事先车上没人和这个持票人说过话。副词作状语修饰动词短语hadspokento。三、完形填空。MildredWebingaFreemanwasanEnglishteacheratthenewmiddleschoolIattendedintheninthgrade.Shewasn'tmy__1__;shewastheadvisertothesafetypatrol(巡逻队)onwhichI__2__.Ilovedbeingaroundherand__3__hersenseofhumorandkindpersonality.Shewas__4__agoodlistener.Attheendoftheyear,she__5__thatshewasmovingtoFlorida,andIwasverysad.Weexchanged__6__andbecamepenpals.Icouldtellher__7__，andshetreated8\nme__8__respecteventhoughIwasateenager.InFlorida,Mrs.FreemanbecameaRealtor(房地产经纪人),__9__shemanagedtofindtimetowriteletters.Shewrote__10__storiesandalwaystookmyconcerns__11__.Shehadgivenmea(n)__12__invitationtovisit,andImissedhersomuch.WhenI__13__totakeheruponthe__14__，sheanswered,“Getyourshoesonandyourbags__15__!Youarewelcomeanytime！”IspentthreeweekswithherinMiami.Her__16__ofpoetry,music,andcreativewriting__17__metofollowtheseendeavors(努力).Oneday__18__hangingsheetsontheclothesline,she__19__andsaid,“Youknow,theskyisfuelforthesoul.”Ihadneverlookedatthe__20__beforehearingthosewords.Twoyearslater,IreceivedacallthatMrs.Freemanhadpassedaway.【文章大意】'本文主要讲述了作者在中学期间和一名英语老师之间的故事。1．A.motherB．friendC．classmateD．teacher答案与解析：D'根据上文中的“MildredWebingaFreemanwasanEnglishteacheratthenewmiddleschoolIattendedintheninthgrade.”和空后的“shewastheadvisertothesafetypatrol(巡逻队)”可推知，MildredWebingaFreeman不是作者的老师(teacher)，下文中的“andbecamepenpals”也是提示。2．A.servedB．advisedC．expectedD．led答案与解析：A　根据语境并结合选项可知，作者当时也在巡逻队里。serve“为……工作”。3．A.sharedB．enjoyedC．imaginedD．found答案与解析：B　根据空前的“Ilovedbeingaroundher”可知，作者喜欢(enjoyed)老师的幽默感和善良的品质。4．A.neverB．justC．stillD．also答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“anEnglishteacher”和“theadviser”可知，本句是对这位老师身份的补充说明，指她也(also)是一个好的倾听者。5．A.knewB．announcedC．thoughtD．realized答案与解析：B　根据语境可知，老师宣布(announced)了一个消息，她要搬到佛罗里达州了，作者感到很伤心。8\n6．A.addressesB．giftsC．viewsD．roles答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“Attheendoftheyear,she'5'thatshewasmovingtoFlorida”和空后的“andbecamepenpals”可推知，作者和老师互换了地址(addresses)，成了笔友。7．A.manyB．muchC．everythingD．something答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“andbecamepenpals”与空后的“shetreatedme'8'respecteventhoughIwasateenager”可推知，作者与老师无话不谈，这与上文作者乐于和老师相处的背景呼应。故选C。8．A.inB．asC．withD．to答案与解析：C　固定搭配：treatsb.withsth.意为“以某种态度/方式对待某人”，符合语境，故选C。9．A.soB．butC．orD．for答案与解析：B　根据空后的“shemanagedtofindtimetowriteletters”可推知，上下文表示转折关系。故选B。10．A.amusingB．differentC．emotionalD．ordinary答案与解析：A　根据上文中的“Ilovedbeingaroundherand'3'hersenseofhumorandkindpersonality.”可推知，老师很幽默，总是给作者讲一些好笑的(amusing)故事。11．A.immediatelyB．carefullyC．seriouslyD．privately答案与解析：C　takesb./sth.seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待某人/某事”。老师认真对待作者所关切的事情。12．A.urgentB．luckyC．ambiguousD．open答案与解析：D　根据下文中的“Youarewelcomeanytime！”可推知，老师欢迎作者随时来访，anopeninvitation为习语，意为“随时可以来访的邀请”，符合语境，故选D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”。13．A.decidedB．hesitatedC．wroteD．hurried答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“Weexchanged'6'andbecamepen8\npals.”可推知，作者写信(wrote)告诉老师，他接受她的提议(offer)。14．A.offerB．promiseC．excuseD．message答案与解析：A　参见上题解析。offer“提供，提议”。15．A.boughtB．foundC．filledD．packed答案与解析：D　因为作者要去看望老师，因此老师建议作者收拾行李(packed)，随时欢迎作者的到来。16．A.loveB．dreamC．senseD．feeling答案与解析：A　老师对诗歌、音乐和文学创作的热爱(love)激励(encouraged)着作者去努力。17．A.persuadedB．encouragedC．forcedD．allowed答案与解析：B　参见上题解析。18．A.beforeB．onceC．whileD．after答案与解析：C　一天，当老师正在把床单挂在晒衣绳上的时候，她抬头看(lookedup)到了天空而有所感悟。while“当……时”。19．A.lookedoverB．lookedoutC．lookedupD．lookeddown答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。20．A.cloudsB．flowersC．peopleD．houses答案与解析：A'根据上文中的“Youknow,theskyisfuelforthesoul.”并结合选项可知，当时老师看了天空，此处指的应是天上的云(clouds)。四、单句改错1．Despitehislackexperience,hegotthejob._____________________________________________________答案：lack后加of　lackof...“缺少……；……的缺乏”，该短语中lack为名词，常与of连用。2．AsfarasIknow,thegovernmentwillspeedthepaceofoureconomicreform.8\n_____________________________________________________答案：speed后加up　speedup“加速”。3．Givinganotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem._____________________________________________________答案：Giving→Given　give与I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，表被动意义。4．Theplacewassocrowdedandwesoonlosesightofhim._____________________________________________________答案：lose→lost　and连接两个并列的简单句，由前一句中的was可知，后一分句应用一般过去时。5．Atsightofthesnake,thegirlburstintotears._____________________________________________________答案：sight前加the　atthesightof“一看见……”。五、七选五Areyouhavingtroubleconcentratingwhenyou'rereadingabookorlisteningtoalecture？Thislistofactivitiesmighthelptoimproveyourstudyhabits.Makealist.Weoftenhavetroublepayingattentiontoonethingbecauseourbrainwantstothinkaboutsomethingelse.1Youdon'tworryaboutwhateverelseyoushouldbedoing.Sleepmore.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhosleepfewerthaneighthoursanightforaperiodoftimehaveslowerresponsesystemsandmoredifficultyrecallinginformation.2Eathealthierfoods.Manypeopleenjoyfoodshighinfatsandsugars.3Theymightgiveyouatemporaryburstofenergy.However，thatenergyissoonfollowedbyacrash.Reducescreentime.Thismaybethemostunpopularsuggestionamongyoungpeople.Screentime—timespentlookingatcellphones，televisions，computerscreens，hasacleareffectontheattentionspan.45Concentrationimprovesforstudentswhoparticipateinteamsports.Itcouldbethatbeingactiveishelpfulinthisway.Participatinginasporttrainsyourbraintoconcentrateonspecifictasks，andshutoutotherthoughts.8\nA．Beactive.B．Practicemore.C．Thesefoodscanprovideenoughenergyforfocusing.D．Butthesefoodscan'tbehelpfulenoughwhenitcomestofocusing.E．Thatisbadnewsforteenswhostayupstudyingthenightbeforeatest.F．Researchersadviseparentstolimititwhentheirchildrenneedtobefocused.G．Bywritingdownallthethingsyouneedtodo，you'llgainasenseofcontrol.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。介绍了几种提高注意力的方法。1．G　[根据本段的主题句“列清单”以及空后的“Youdon'tworryaboutwhateverelseyoushouldbedoing.”可知，选G项。]2．E　[根据本段的主题句“Sleepmore.”和空前一句的内容可知，选E项。]3．D　[下文的“thatenergyissoonfollowedbyacrash”与D项中的“can'tbehelpfulenough”相对应，故答案为D。]4．F　[本段的主题句“Reducescreentime.”与选项F中的“limitit”对应，故答案为F。]5．A　[空处为本段的主题句，由下文的“Itcouldbethatbeingactiveishelpfulinthisway.”可知，答案为A。]8