2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit5Music含解析新人教版必修2

Music李仕才***阅读理解。Ifyouwanttoslowaging,youmightwanttoeatless.Thisfindingisgoodnews---ifyouwereamouse.Theresearchersstudiedmice,notpeople.JohnPriceandotherresearchersstudiedtwogroupsofmice.Onegroupwasabletoeatasmuchasitwanted.Theresearcherslimitedwhatthemiceintheothergroupate.Theirdiethad35percentfewercaloriesthanthefirstgroupofmice.Pricesaysthemicewiththedietrestrictionswere“moreenergeticandsufferedfewerdisease.”Theywerenotjustlivinglongerbutseemedtostayyoungerforalongerperiodoftime.Theresearchersfoundthatfewercaloriesslowdownanaturalmechanismincellscalledribosomes.Priceexplainsthatribosomesareresponsibleformakingimportantproteinsinthecells.Butwithfewercalories,theyslowdown.Thisgivesthecellsmoretimetorepairthemselves.Theresearcherssayribosomesusefrom10to20percentofthecell’senergytomakethoseproteins.Pricewrotethat“becauseofthis,itisimpracticaltodestroyanentireribosome”whenitstartstobreakdown.However,“repairingindividualpartsoftheribosomeonaregularbasisenablesribosomestocontinueproducinghighqualityproteinsforlongerthantheywouldotherwise.Thistopqualityproduction,inturn,keepscellsandtheentirebodyfunctioningwell.”Pricesaid,“ribosomeisaverycomplexmachine,likeacar.”Theyneed“maintenancetoreplacethepartsthatwearoutthefastest.Whentireswearout,”heexplained,“youdon’tthrowthewholecarawayandbuyanewone.Itcostslesstoreplacetheoldtires.”“Food,”hesaid,“isn’tjustmaterialtobeburned---it’sasignalthattellsourbodyandcellshowtorespond.”Pricesaidthefindingshelptoexplainhowexactlyourbodiesage.Andthismay“helpusmakemoreeducateddecisionsaboutwhatweeat.”1.Whatcanweknowaboutthemicewithlimitedcaloriesfromthestudy?A.Theycankeephealthyeasily8\nB.TheyneedmoreenergytobeactiveC.TheycanlookyoungerthantheyareD.Theywilllivealongerlifelikehumans2.Whatwillhappentoribosomesiftherearefewercalories?A.TheywillcompletelybreakdownB.TheymakeproteinsinthecellsslowlyC.TheywillproducehighqualityproteinsmoreD.Theymayneedmoretimetorepairthemselves3.Priceexplainedtheribosomes’roleofrepairingthemselvesby_________.A.tellingastoryB.listingbasicdataC.makingcomparisonsD.experimentingonmice4.Whatdoesthetextmainlydealwith?A.FooddecideshowlongyouliveB.Canyouslowdownyouragingprocess?C.EatinglessmayhelpyoulivelongerD.Shouldyourdietbereducedforyourhealth?【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过研究实验发现：吃的少会使你长寿。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中Theresearcherslimitedwhatthemiceintheothergroupate.Theirdiethad35percentfewercaloriesthanthefirstgroupofmice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康，故选A。2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中Theresearchersfoundthatfewercaloriesslowdownanaturalmechanismincellscalledribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质，故选B。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段首句Ifyouwanttoslowaging,youmightwanttoeatless.Thisfindingisgoodnews的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿，故选C。8\n***语法填空。Arecentsurveyshowsthatstorytellingranksbeforetelevisionorvideogamesamongpastimes(消遣)forkids.Thesurveywascarriedoutamong500childrenaged3—4inBritain,of__1__overthreequarterssaidtheywishedtheirparentscouldreadtothemmoreoften.Almosttwothirdsofthekidssaidreadingastorywiththeirparentshelpedthemsleep__2__(well)andmoreeasily.Accordingtothesurvey,therearetwowaysforparents__3__(become)goodstorytellers.Theycanuse__4__(fun)voicestoshowdifferentcharactersinastory.Theycanalsomaketheirownspecialsoundstokeepthestory__5__(interest)andattractive.WhenMomandDadaren'tathand,over30%ofkidswouldliketohear__6__bedtimestoryfromfamouspeoplelikeHarryPotterstarDanielRadcliffe.OthermoviestarslikeZacEfron,MileyCyrusandEmmaWatson__7__(welcome)bychildren,too.“__8__canbeverydifficultforparentstofindthetimetoreadwiththeirchildren.Butthesemomentscanhelpbuildcloserelationship__9__parentsandchildren,andalsocanplayanimportantpartintheirchild's__10__(develop)，”saidchildpsychologistWoolfson.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项调查显示，孩子对听故事的兴趣要大于看电视或者玩视频游戏。文章通过一些数据告诉人们孩子喜欢听故事，同时，父母和孩子一起读故事也可以让他们之间建立更亲密的关系。1．whom　考查定语从句的引导词。句意：这项调查是在英国500个3至4岁的孩子中间进行的，其中超过四分之三的孩子说，他们希望父母能经常给他们读故事。分析句子结构可知，逗号后的句子是一个定语从句，解释说明先行词500children，引导词在从句中作介词of的宾语，且指代先行词，故用whom来引导。2．better　考查副词的比较级。句意：差不多有三分之二的孩子说，跟父母一起读故事能帮助他们睡得更香、更易入睡。根据下文中的比较级moreeasily可以推断，设空处也用比较级。故填better。3．tobecome　考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这项调查，有两个让父母成为讲故事好手的方法。“Therebe＋n.＋todo”结构中，动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词，表示将要发生的事。根据句意可知，此处填动词不定式tobecome。4．funny　考查词性转换。句意：他们可以用一些有趣的声音来表现故事中不同的角色。修饰名词用形容词形式。故填名词fun的形容词形式funny，意为“有趣的”。8\n5．interesting　考查词性转换。句意：他们也可以用自己特有的声音使故事有趣，有吸引力。在“keepsth.＋adj.”结构中，形容词作宾补；并列连词and连接两个相同词性的成分，故此处用形容词interesting“有趣的”，修饰物。6．a　考查冠词。句意：当父母不在身边时，超过30%的孩子喜欢从一些名人那里听到睡前故事，比如《哈利·波特》的主角丹尼尔·拉德克利夫。根据句意可知，这里泛指一个故事，故填不定冠词a。7．arewelcomed　考查动词的语态和主谓一致。句意：其他的电影明星像扎克·埃弗龙、米利·赛勒斯和埃玛·沃森也深受孩子们喜欢。主语是复数名词stars，且动词welcome与主语之间为被动关系，故填被动形式arewelcomed。8．It　考查代词。句意：父母很难找到时间和孩子们一起读故事。“Itis＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.”结构中，it是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。故填代词It。9．between　考查介词。句意：但是这些时刻有助于父母与子女建立亲密的关系，同时对孩子的发展也很重要。between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。10．development　考查词性转换。名词所有格后接名词形式。故填动词develop的名词形式development“发展”。***完形填空。WhenIwasjustoutofcollege，ImanagedtogetmydreamjobasatraderinNewYorkCityontheflooroftheAmericanStock(证券)Exchange.Thoughitwasaproud__1__，thejobwassimplytoophysically__2__—Imuststandinacrowdeveryday，whichoften__3__meinamindset(思维模式)thatheldmeback.Manhattanisawalkingtownandit'sdifficultto__4__whenyouhaveadisability.Taxiesareexpensiveandridingthesubway__5__dozensofsteepstepstogetbelowthe__6__.Thisleftmeonlyone__7__—thebus.Onenight，afterthe__8__formyjob，Iwasachingwithselfpity__9__itstartedtorainonmywalktothebusstop.Ibecamemoreandmore__10__withoutanumbrella，thinkingI'dnever__11__itinthiscityandtellingmyself，“thiscityisjusttoohard”and“maybeitisjustnotpossibleforaguylikeme”．Andthen，I__12__themostbeautiful，shortmoment.Acouplecamerollingbyonrollerskates，hand__13__handastheyskatedwhatseemedlikethetango.Theywereallwetbuttheysawthe__14__asanopportunityandromance.IsuddenlybecamegratefulforwaitingintherainbecauseI__15__havemissedthisbeauty__16__ifIhadbeeninataxioronthesubway.This，although8\n__17__，wasanimportantmomentonmyjourneytodiscoverthe__18__ofachievinghealthandhappiness.WhenIchangemymindset，__19__foramoment，towhatispossibleandworktogetridoftheselflimitingbeliefsthat__20__mydailyactions，Iwillbeontheroadtoahealthier，happierlife.1．A.adjustmentB．achievementC．agreementD．treatment2．A.tiringB．boringC．relaxingD．disappointing3．A.remindedB．expectedC．tookD．left4．A.goupB．getaroundC．setoffD．showup5．A.requestsB．supportsC．requiresD．surrounds6．A.groundB．streetC．townD．city7．A.changeB．chanceC．ideaD．choice8．A.struggleB．workC．experienceD．influence9．A.beforeB．whileC．whenD．after10．A.nervousB．curiousC．scaredD．upset11．A.getB．makeC．putD．watch12．A.recalledB．observedC．witnessedD．realized13．A.onB．byC．toD．in14．A.rainB．treeC．windD．cloud15．A.shallB．wouldC．needD．must8\n16．A.exactlyB．instantlyC．entirelyD．suddenly17．A.strangeB．smallC．normalD．different18．A.humorB．honestyC．powerD．principle19．A.stillB．yetC．alsoD．even20．A.affectB．followC．forbidD．harm【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者工作很累，回家路上遇到下雨，心情沮丧。当看到一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面，作者感觉到改变自己的思维模式会使自己走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。文章告诉我们改变思维模式的重要性。【核心词汇】goup上升　getaround四处走动setoff出发　showup出现，到场1．B　根据第一段中的“Imanagedtogetmydreamjob”可知，作者毕业后找到了自己理想的工作，这份工作应是作者引以为傲的成就，故选B项，achievement意为“成就”。adjustment“调节”；agreement“同意，一致”；treatment“治疗，对待”。2．A　根据本句中的“Imuststandinacrowdeveryday”可推知，这份工作是劳累的，故选A项，tiring意为“累人的，令人疲倦的”。relaxing“令人放松的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。3．D　根据语境可知“我每天都必须站在人群中，这常常让我有想退缩的思维模式”。“leave＋sh.＋宾补”表示“让某人……”，故选D项。remind“提醒”；expect“预期”。4．B　根据上文的“Manhattanisawalkingtown”可知，曼哈顿是一个步行商业区，所以你有残疾的话是很难四处走动(getaround)的。goup“上升”；setoff“出发”；showup“出现，到场”。5．C　根据语境可知，出租车很贵，乘坐地铁需要(requires)走下几十个陡峭的台阶才能到达地下。request“请求”；support“支持”；surround“围绕”。6．A　根据本句中的“thesubway”以及常识可知，人们在地面(ground)下乘坐地铁，故选A项。7．D　句意：这让我只有一种选择——公共汽车。根据上文提到的交通方式都不适合作者可知，此处表示作者唯一的选择(choice)。8\n8．A　句意：一天晚上，在为我的工作苦苦奋斗后，我一直自怨自艾，当我走向公共汽车站的时候又下起了雨。根据语境可推知，此处是指在为工作奋斗(struggle)了一天之后。experience“经历”；influence“影响”。9．C　参见上题解析。when在此处表示“当……的时候”，符合语境。10．D　根据上文的“itstartedtorain”和空后的“withoutanumbrella”可知，下雨了，但是作者没有带伞，所以作者心情越来越沮丧(upset)。11．B　根据上文可知，没有雨伞，作者变得越来越沮丧，心想自己在这个城市里不会取得成功了。makeit是固定短语，表示“达成目标，获得成功，做成某事”。12．C　句意：然后，我目睹了最美丽、最短暂的时刻。根据下文介绍的一对夫妇在雨中溜冰的画面可知，这是作者看到的。recall“召回，回想起”；observe“观察”；witness“目睹”；realize“认识到”。13．D　句意：一对夫妇穿着溜冰鞋，手拉着手，他们溜冰的时候像是在跳探戈舞。handinhand“手拉手地”，是固定搭配，故选D项。14．A　根据上文的“itstartedtorain”和“Theywereallwet”可知，虽然他们身上都被淋湿了，但他们把雨(rain)当成是一个机会和一种浪漫。15．B　句意：我突然对在雨中等待感到感激，因为如果我在出租车或地铁上，我会完全错过这美景。根据句子结构可知，此处是由if引导的对过去的虚拟句，结构为“if＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should/would/could＋have＋过去分词”，所以选B项。16．C　根据语境可知，作者觉得如果乘坐其他交通工具就会完全错过这一幕，故选C项。exactly“正是，恰好”；instantly“立即，马上”；entirely“完全地”；suddenly“突然”。17．B　虽然这是生活中的一件小事，但却是作者在探索健康和幸福的旅途中的一个重要时刻。strange“奇怪的，陌生的”；small“小的”；normal“正常的”；different“不同的”，故选B项。18．C　根据语境可知，作者看到的这一幕给了作者力量。humor“幽默”；honesty“诚实，正直”；power“力量”；principle“原则”。19．D　句意：当我改变我的思维模式去做可能的事情，并努力摆脱那些影响我日常行为的自我限制的信念时，即使是片刻，我都将会走上一条更健康、更快乐的生活之路。根据句意可知，此处表示“即使”。still“仍然”；yet“还，然而”；also“也，而且”；even“即使”。20．A　根据语境可知，此处表示“影响(affect)我日常行为的自我限制的信念”。***短文改错。Gettingridofthebadhabitofprocrastination(拖延症)isnowmygoalinlife.Myfirststepwastosetsmalltargetswhatcanbereachedrealistically.Forexample,Iplantosetatimetableformystudy.Soafterschool,Iwillput8\nfinishinghomeworkinthelastplace.Additionally,Iwillmakealistofmyimportanttaskincludingtheirduedatesbutfollowmyschedulestrictly.Iwillavoidfindexcusesforputtingthemoff.Atsametime,Iwillaskformyfriendsandparentstohelpme.Byachievingthissmalltargets,IhaveconfidentthatIwillovercomeprocrastination.答案：Gettingridofthebadhabitofprocrastination(拖延症)isnowmygoalinlife.Myfirststeptosetsmalltargetscanbereachedrealistically.Forexample,Iplantosetatimetableformystudy.Soafterschool,Iwillputfinishinghomeworkintheplace.Additionally,Iwillmakealistofmyimportantincludingtheirduedatesfollowmyschedulestrictly.Iwillavoidexcusesforputtingthemoff.Atsametime,Iwillaskmyfriendsandparentstohelpme.Byachievingsmalltargets,IhavethatIwillovercomeprocrastination.难项分析：第二处：what→that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句，先行词targets在定语从句中作主语，指物，应用that/which来引导该从句。第五处：but→and　考查连词。根据上下文可知，make和follow两个动作之间是递进关系，故用and。第十处：confident→confidence　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用confident的名词形式confidence作have的宾语。***8