2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit2Workingtheland含解析新人教版必修4

Unit2Workingtheland李仕才一、阅读理解NowadaysathirdofprimaryschoolchildreninChinaaresufferingfrompsychologicalill-healthasaresultofclassroomstressandparentalpressure,accordingtoastudypublishedonTuesday.Theproblemissobadthaturgentmeasuresareneeded,warnsthestudy,ledbyBritishandChineseresearchers.Theinvestigationsurveyed2,191pupilsaged9to12innineschoolsinurbanandruralZhejiang,arelativelyprosperouscoastalprovinceineasternChina.Eighty-onepercentoftheyoungsterssaidtheyworried“alot”aboutexams,63percentfearedbeingpunishedbytheirteachers,44percenthadbeenphysicallybulliedatleastsometimes—withboyslikeliertobevictimsthangirls—and73percenthadbeenphysicallypunishedbytheirparents.Mostofthechildrencomplainedtheystruggledtocopewiththeamountofhomeworktheywereassigned.Overone-thirdreportedheadachesorabdominalpains—psychosomaticsymptomsofstress—atleastonceaweek.Themoststressedchildrenreportedincidenceofachesorpainsoffourtimesaweek.Theinvestigation,ledbyThereseHesketh,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)CentreforInternationalHealthandDevelopment,pointedthefingeratextremecompetitivenessinChina’seducationsystem,fromtheonsetofprimaryschool.“Thecompetitiveandpunitiveeducationalenvironmentleadstohighlevelsofstressandpsychosomaticsymptoms,”theauthorssay.“Measurestoreduceunnecessarystressonchildreninschoolsshouldbeintroducedurgently.”ThepaperappearsinArchivesofDiseaseinChildhood,apeer-reviewedjournaloftheBritishMedicalAssociation(BMA).9\nThe“urban”settingforthestudywasHangzhou,theprovincialcapitalofZhejiang,whilethe“rural”settingwasapoorcountyinQuzhouprefecture,inthewestoftheprovince.Thestudyhighlightssomeofthecomplexitiesthat,itsays,explainthedemandsforacademicexcellenceandintoleranceoffailure.Onefactoristhecountry’sdramaticriseinprosperity,whichhascreated“previouslyunheard-ofpossibilitiesforupwardmobility”andinturnstokedpressuresonchildrentodowellatschool.OtherreasonsareChina’sone-childpolicyandtheConfuciantraditionsofrespectforparentsandelders,filialpiety,obedienceanddiscipline.“Theaspirationsofmanyparents,whohadlimitededucationalopportunitiesthemselvesarenowinvestedintheironlychildren,”itsays.Previousstudiesonschool-relatedstressanditsimpactonhealtharefewandgenerallycomefromScandinavia.A2022assessmentamong10-to13-year-oldinSwedenfoundthat21percentofboysand30percentofgirlsexperiencedheadache,and17percentofboysand28percentofgirlsexperiencedabdominalpainatleastonceperweek.【文章大意】本文是一篇报告。文章讲述了中国孩子们在面对大量考试中,所承受的精神上和身体上的压力,以至于他们产生了很多不良现象。1.Whatmainlycausedschoolchildrentosufferfrompsychologicalill-health?A.Competitivenessineducationsystem.B.Classroomstressandparentalpressure.C.Physicalpunishmentfromtheirparents.D.Endlesshomeworkfromschoolteachers.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“asaresultofclassroomstressandparentalpressure,accordingtoastudypublishedonTuesday.”可知B正确。2.Theunderlinedpart“copewith”inPara.5mostprobablymeans________.A.tofitin　　　　　B.toadapttoC.todealwith　　D.togetalongwith9\n【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据文章中的“Mostofthechildrencomplainedtheystruggledtocopewiththeamountofhomeworktheywereassigned.”可知:大多数孩子抱怨他们挣扎着处理作业。猜测copewith意为:处理。3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Moreandmoreschoolchildrenwilldropoutofschoolsoon.B.Homeworkandexaminationswillbecancelledatallschools.C.Parentsandteacherswillgiveupeducatingtheschoolchildren.D.Toomuchstressdoesgreatharmtoschoolchildrenphysicallyandmentally.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章的第四段和第六段中的“Overone-thirdreportedheadachesorabdominalpains—psychosomaticsymptomsofstress—atleastonceaweek.”可知D正确。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ChildreninChinasickenedbyschoolpressure.B.Measurestoreduceunnecessarystressonchildren.C.Theinvestigation,ledbyUniversityCollegeLondon.D.ExtremecompetitivenessinChina’seducationsystem.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章通篇谈论的是:中国的孩子们在精神上和身体上承受很多压力之后,出现的多种病态的表现。所以A正确。二、单句语法填空1．(2022·江苏高考)________(determine)whereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.答案：Determining　分析句子结构可知，应用动名词短语作主语，即本句中Determiningwhereweareinrelationtooursurroundings作主语，remains是谓语动词。2．The________(produce)ofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness.答案：production　由设空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，应填所给词的名词形式。production“生产；制造”。3．Nowadays,childrenhavemore________(free);theycandowhatevertheylike.答案：freedom　freedom名词“自由”，在本句中作宾语。4．Catscanhelpridthehome________mice.9\n答案：of　rid...of“使摆脱或除去……”。5．Aheavyfirereduced90percentofthehouses________ashes.答案：to　reduce...to...“使……沦为……”。6．Ibitterly________(regret)thatIhadmissedthewonderfulfilm.答案：regretted　所填词由bitterly(副词)修饰，且由从句中hadmissed可知，此处用动词的一般过去时。7．Itis________(disturb)tothinkaboutsomuchworktodo.答案：disturbing　disturbing“令人不安的”，在句中作表语。8．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief's________(catch)．答案：beingcaught　本句中，leadto后接名词或动名词(短语)，且thethief和catch存在被动关系，故填beingcaught，即动名词的被动结构，作leadto的宾语。9．Iamnot________(satisfy)withthewayhecutmyhair.答案：satisfied　besatisfiedwith...为固定短语，意为“对……感到满意”。10．Thoughheisyoung,heisstruggling________(support)alargefamily.答案：tosupport　struggletodosth.“努力做某事”。三、完形填空Twothingschangedmylife:mymotherandawhiteplasticbikebasket.Ihavethoughtlongandhardaboutitandit’strue.Iwouldbeadifferentpersonifmymomhadn’t___1___asillybicycleaccessoryintoalifelessonIcarrywithmetoday.Mymotherandfatherwere___2___intheirwayofraisingchildren,butitmostlyfelltomymothertoactuallycarryitout.Lookingback,I___3___don’tknowhowshedidit.Managingthefamilybudgetmusthavebeenaveryhardtask,butshemadeitlook___4___.Wehadtokeep___5___ofourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnot___6___.Oneday,mymotherdrovemetothebikeshoptogetatire___7___—anditwasinthewindow,white,shiny,plasticand___8___withflowers,thebasketwinkedatmeandIknew—Iknew—Ihadtohaveit.“It’sbeautiful,”mymothersaidwhenIpointeditouttoher,“Whataneatbasket.”Itriedto___9___atfirst,Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.ButthenIguess9\nIcouldn’tstandit___10___:“Mom,please,canIplease,getit?I’lldoextrachoresfor___11___yousay,I’lldoanything,butIneedthatbasket,Ilovethatbasket.Please,Mom.Please?”“Youknow,”shesaid,“Ifyou___12___youcouldbuythisyourself.”“BythetimeImakeenoughit’llbegone!”“Theremightbe___13___way,”shesaid.Andsoourpayingplan___14___.MymotherboughtthebeautifulbasketandputitsafelyinsomehidingplaceIcouldn’tfind.EachweekI___15___countedmygrowingsavingincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere.Andthen,weekslater,Icounted,re-countedandjumpedforjoy.Oh,happyday!I___16___!Ifinallyhadtheexactamountwe’dagreedupon….Dayslaterthe___17___happened.AneighborhoodgirlI’dplayedwithmillionsoftimesappearedwiththeexactsamebasketfixedtohershiny,newbike.Irodehardandfasthometotellmymotheraboutthis___18___.Andthen___19___thelesson.I’vetakenwithmethroughmylife:“Honey,Yourbasketisextra-special,”Momsaid,gently___20___myhottears.“Yourbasketisspecialbecauseyoupaidforityourself.”语篇解读：文章主要讲述了作者在妈妈的指引下通过自己的节省与努力买到自己心仪的物件的故事。1.A.putB.madeC.takenD.turned【答案】D【解析】依据上下文可知是妈妈把这次买自行车配件的经历转变成了我一直记忆的好的生活教训，此处构成短语“turn…into”表示“转变成……”之意，故D项适合。2.A.differentB.separateC.unitedD.opposite【答案】C【解析】依据上下文可知我的妈妈和爸爸在养育子女的方式上是团结一致的，A不同的；B分开的；C团9\n结的；D相反的。3.A.simplyB.vaguelyC.initiallyD.honestly【答案】D【解析】依据上下文可知作者真的也不清楚他的妈妈是怎么做到那样勤俭持家的，故使用D诚实地，真的；A简单地；B模糊地；C最初地。4.A.speechlessB.effortlessC.endlessD.fruitless【答案】B【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“妈妈把原本挺难得持家的事情变得很容易”，与文中的“hard”一词相对应。A无语的；B容易的，不费劲的；C无尽的，D无收获的。5.A.trackB.trailC.affectionD.trap【答案】A【解析】依据上下文可知此处构成短语“keeptrackof”表示“记录”之意，文章中讲述的是“我们不得不记录好我们的东西，如果丢了就不会再有了”，故A项正确。B痕迹，踪迹；C喜爱，钟爱；D陷阱，圈套。6.A.replacedB.reflectedC.instructedD.registered【答案】A【解析】依据上一句的内容可知此处表示的是“取代”之意；A取代；B反映；C教导，指导；D登记，注册。7.A.installedB.fixedC.equippedD.tailored【答案】B【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“妈妈带我去修理自行车的车胎”；A安装；B修理；C配备，装备；D为……裁制衣服，为……做衣服。8.A.filledB.decoratedC.occupiedD.performed【答案】B9\n【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“那个白色闪光且装饰着鲜花的塑料车篮子”，故B项正确。A装满；C占据；D表演。9.A.holdonB.holdoutC.holdoffD.holdup【答案】C【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“起初作者尽力不靠近那车篮子，但最终还是控制不了”；A坚持，稍等；B维持，主张；C不靠近；D阻止，举起。10.A.anymoreB.moreorlessC.nonethelessD.anylonger【答案】D【解析】依据上下文与前面构成短语“not…anylonger”表示“作者最终不能再控制好自己了”。A项构成“notanymore”主要是表示“在程度上不再……”；此处结合前面的“…Iplayeditcoolforashortwhile.Butthen…”可知作者是在时间上再也不能忍了，故不适合；B或多或少；C仍然。11.A.aslongasB.asmuchasC.aswellasD.asmanyas【答案】A【解析】依据上下文可知作者在于他的妈妈协商，此处译成“只要妈妈说什么都可以去做”，A项符合语境。B与……一样多；C和，与……样好；D与……一样多。12.A.putupB.turnupC.makeupD.saveup【答案】D【解析】依据上下文可知作者的妈妈是让作者自己省下钱去购买，故D项正确。A举起，张贴；B出现，调高；C弥补，化妆，编造，组成；D节省，节约。13.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others【答案】B【解析】依据上下文可知妈妈提供了另一个解决方法，故B项正确。14.A.unfoldedB.scratchedC.addressedD.guaranteed【答案】A9\n【解析】依据上下文可知在妈妈的提议下，作者的购买计划开始了，故A(打开，展现)符合句意。B抓，刮；C处理，演讲；D保证。15.A.reluctantlyB.thoroughlyC.unconditionallyD.eagerly【答案】D【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“每个星期我都急切地数着我节省下来的钱”，故D项正确。A不情愿地；B彻底地；C无条件地。16.A.helpeditB.madeitC.likeditD.deservedit【答案】B【解析】依据上下文中的“Ifinallyhadtheexactamountwe’dagreedupon….”可知作者终于攒够了说好的钱的数量，B(成功做到)符合语境。A帮得到；C喜欢；D值得，配得上。17.A.unpredictableB.unbelievableC.unthinkableD.unbearable【答案】C【解析】依据上下文可知此处表示的是“不能想象的事情发生了”，故C(不可想象)符合语境。A不可预测的；B不可信，难以置信的；D不能忍受的，空格处表示的应该是出乎作者意料之外的事情，故C项最适合。18.A.failureB.propertyC.disasterD.edition【答案】C【解析】依据上下文可知在作者的眼里别人与他买了一样的东西无异于感觉就如同灾难降临一样。A失败；B财物；C灾难；D编辑。19.A.cameB.causedC.invitedD.participated【答案】A【解析】根据上文可知，此处表示作者懂得了其中的教训，与A项搭配合适。倒装句=andthelessoncamethen.20.A.washingoutB.clearingoutC.takingawayD.wipingaway9\n【答案】D【解析】根据上下文可知，是妈妈帮助我檫去泪水的，D项短语表示“檫去，抹去”适合语境。A淘汰，洗净；B清除，赶走；C拿开。四、单句改错1．Theyfocusedalltheirattentiontofindingasolutiontotheproblem._____________________________________________________答案：第一个to→on　focusone'sattentionon(doing)sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。2．Theyequippedwithtwosharpaxesandsetofffortheforest._____________________________________________________答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselves　beequippedwith和equiponeselfwith...“配备有……”。3．SomepeoplesaythatChinesetendtobesatisfyingwithwhattheyhave._____________________________________________________答案：satisfying→satisfied　besatisfiedwith“对……感到满意”，主语通常为人。4．Thanksforthesuccessofthebusiness,wecanaffordaholidaythisyear._____________________________________________________答案：for→to　thanksto“多亏了；由于”。5．ShewouldrathertobuyherclothesthroughtheInternetthaninthesupermarket._____________________________________________________答案：去掉to　wouldratherdoAthandoB“比起做B更愿意做A”。9