2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld含解析新人教版必修3

Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld李仕才一、阅读理解I'msometimestold，“Youhavetomakeyourownluck.Ifyoudon'ttrysomething，howcanyousucceed？”Thisisverytrueforcompetitions.Therearepeoplewhoregularlytakepartinallsortsofcompetitionswithgreatenthusiasm.Thesepeoplearenicknamedcompers.Themotivationforbeingacomperisobvious：it'saboutbeingawinnerandbeingrewardedwithaprize.Theseprizescanbesmallorlarge：fromaboxofchocolatestoanewcar，atripofalifetimearoundtheworld，orevenanewhouse.Isn'tthatworthcompetingfor?Ofcoursecompetitionsthatoffermoneyprizesattractentryfrommillionsofpeople，makingtheoddsofwinningveryunlikely.ButonemanwhohasbeenluckyisaretiredlecturerfromtheUKcalledMartinDove.Heisaserialcomperandhasmanagedtobagprizessuchasayachtandaracehorse.Martinsays：“I'vebeenacomperfor40years.It'slikeadmittingsomeaddiction，isn'tit？”Hegetsrespectfromothercompersandalsoadmits，“SomepeoplehavecalledmetheMasterofComping，theKingofComping，theGuruofComping.Butit'sjustaword，justaphrase.It'sjustbecauseIfrequentlyappearedinthemedia.”Formany，winningremainsadream，buttheycontinuetotrytheirluckasthere'salwaysasmallchancethattheymightsucceed.Butwhatifyoudowin?Thenyouhavetoask：howamIgoingtospendallthatmoney?Somepeoplesaythat“moneycan'tbuyyouhappiness”．Whatdoyouthink?1．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Thisisverytrueforcompetitions”？A．Competitionsbringpeopleluck.B．Onemustbeinacompetitiontowinit.C．Tryinggetspeopletosucceed.D．Peoplenaturallycompetewitheachother.2．Whoarecompers?A．Thosealwaysstandingoutincompetitions.B．Thoseaddictedtoenteringcompetitions.C．Thoseoftenenteringcompetitionsforprizes.D．Thosecompetingforothers'recognition.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“odds”probablymean?8\nA．Possibility.B．Investment.C．Importance.D．Advantage.4．WhatdoMartin'swordssuggest?A．Anyjobcanofferopportunities.B．Hehasattractedconsiderableattention.C．Persistenceisthekeytohissuccess.D．Hehassetagoodexampletoothers.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，阐述了一种社会现象：有些人总是热衷于参加各种形式的比赛活动，目的就是获奖。你是否有过类似的经历呢？【难句分析】Ofcoursecompetitionsthatoffermoneyprizesattractentryfrommillionsofpeople，makingtheoddsofwinningveryunlikely.分析：本句是一个复合句。thatoffermoneyprizes是定语从句，修饰先行词competitions。makingtheoddsofwinningveryunlikely是现在分词短语作结果状语。译文：当然，提供现金奖励的比赛会吸引成千上万的人参与，这就使得获胜的概率变得很小了。1．B　考查推理判断。This指的应是前面的“Ifyoudon'ttrysomething，howcanyousucceed？”，再结合第二段提到的人们参加比赛赢奖可知，此处指的是对于比赛来说，一个人必须先参与进去然后才有可能赢得比赛，故选B。2．C　考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Therearepeoplewhoregularlytakepartinallsortsofcompetitions...it’saboutbeingawinnerandbeingrewardedwithaprize”可知，compers指的是那些频繁地参加比赛以获取奖品的人。故选C。3．A　考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句“Ofcoursecompetitionsthatoffermoneyprizesattractentryfrommillionsofpeople，makingtheoddsofwinningveryunlikely”并结合常识可知，比赛的奖金是有限的，而参赛的人越多，获奖的概率就越小。由此可知，odds的意思是“概率，可能性”。故选A。4．B　考查推理判断。根据第三段的最后两句及第四段的内容尤其是“getsrespectfromothercompers”“SomepeoplehavecalledmetheMasterofComping，theKingofComping，theGuruofComping.Butit'sjustaword，justaphrase.It'sjustbecauseIfrequentlyappearedinthemedia”可知，Martin经常参加比赛，而且得到了一些大奖并赢得了其他参赛者的尊重，甚至一些人称其为“参赛大师”、“参赛之王”、“参赛专家”。由此可知，Martin得到了广泛的关注。故选B。二、单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,________easilyreach8\nthebooksonthetopshelf.答案：can　此处表示能力，要用can。2．Ithinkyoushouldapologizetoyourbrother________yourrudeness.答案：for　apologizetosb.forsth.“因为某事向某人道歉”。3．Itissurprisingthattherearestillmanypeopleintheworld________(starve)todeatheachyear.答案：starving　starvetodeath“饿死”，people和starve在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故要用starve的现在分词形式，作后置定语。4．Noofficial________(permit)hasbeengivenfortheeventtotakeplace.答案：permission　officialpermission“官方许可”，在句中是名词短语作主语。5．Forgiveothers,andyou________(forgive)．答案：willbeforgiven　本句是“祈使句，andsb.willdo...”句式，本句中forgive和you存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。6．Thestoryremindsme________anunforgettableexperienceIoncehad.答案：of　remindsb.ofsth.“使某人想到某事”。7．Contrarytothepopularbelief________classicalmusicistoocomplex,itachievesasimplicitythatonlyageniuscancreate.答案：that　句中belief为一抽象名词，其后接由that连接的同位语从句进一步解释说明belief。8．I'dliketoexpressmy________(admire)forthecourageanduncomplainingspiritofthefirefighters.答案：admiration　由空前的人称代词my可知，此处应用名词admiration“敬佩”。9．________wasobvioustoeveryonethatthechildhadbeenbadlytreated.答案：It　Itisobviousthat...“很明显……”。10．Thejudge________(award)him$1,000indamages.答案：awarded　award在句中是谓语动词，意为“裁定；判给”。三、完形填空Beforehesailedroundtheworldsingle-handed,FrancisChichesterhadalreadysurprisedhisfriendsseveraltimes.Hehadtriedto　1　roundtheworldbutfailed.Thatwasin1931.Theyearspassed.He　2　flyingandbegansailing.Heenjoyeditgreatly.Chichesterwasalready58yearsoldwhenhewonthefirstsolo　3　raceacrosstheAtlantic.His　4　dreamofgoingroundtheworldcameback,butthistimehewould8\nsail.Hisfriendsanddoctorsthoughtitwasa(n)　5　attempt,ashehadlungcancer.ButChichesterwasdeterminedto　6　hisplan.InAugust,1966,attheageofnearly65,anageatwhichmanymen　7　,hebeganhisgreatest　8　ofhislife.Chichestercovered14,100miles　9　stoppinginSydney,Australia.Thiswasmorethantwicethedistanceanyonehadpreviouslysailed　10　.Onshore,hecouldnotwalk　11　help.Everybodysaidthesamething:hehaddone　12　;hemustnotgoanyfurther.　13　hedidnotlisten.After　14　inSydneyforafewweeks,Chichestersetoffoncemoreinspiteoflotsof　15　.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemore　16　part,duringwhichhesailedroundtheriskyCapeHorn.AftersucceedinginsailingroundCapeHorn,ChichestersentthefollowingradiomessagetoLondon,“IfeelasifIhadwokenupfromanightmare.EvenawildhorsecouldnotdragmedowntoCapeHornandthatOcean　17　.” Justbefore9o’clockonSundayeveningMay28,1967,hearrived　18　inEngland,wheretensofthousandsofpeoplewerewaitingtowelcomehim.QueenElizabethⅡhonoredhimwithaveryvaluablesword.Thewholevoyagefrom　19　andbackhadcovered28,500miles.Ithadtakenhimnine　20　,ofwhichthesailingtimewas226days.Hehaddonewhathewantedtoaccomplish.【文章大意】本文是一篇故事性记叙文。主要讲述FrancisChichester喜欢环游世界。他曾试图环球飞行,但失败了;58岁时他赢得了个人帆船横渡大西洋比赛第一名;在将近65岁时他开始了一生中最了不起的航程,独自一人航海到好望角,最终伊丽莎白女王二世授予他一把非常珍贵的剑。1.A.run　　B.travel　　C.fly　　D.ride【解析】选C。单枪匹马驾船环游世界之前,FrancisChichester已经好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊。他曾试图环球飞行(fly),但失败了。第二段第二句中有提示。2.A.pickedupB.gaveupC.liftedupD.madeup【解析】选B。从上下文语境可知他环球飞行失败后开始航海了。即放弃(giveup)了飞行。3.A.sailingB.flyingC.horsingD.running8\n【解析】选A。从上文可知他开始航海了,而且后面有theAtlantic大西洋。sailing航行。4.A.newB.horribleC.ambitiousD.old【解析】选D。从句意可知他赢得横穿大西洋比赛后,他以前的(old)周游世界的梦想又回来了。old旧的,老的,以前的。old符合题意。5.A.crazyB.reasonableC.acceptableD.hopeless【解析】选A。因为他患了肺癌,所以他的医生和朋友都认为他(环球航行)疯了(crazy)。6.A.findoutB.putforwardC.carryoutD.bringout【解析】选C。但Chichester决意实施自己的计划。根据句意可知他要实施(carryout)自己的计划。7.A.settledownB.retireC.gosightseeingD.entertain【解析】选B。根据常识可知,多数人在65岁时已经退休(retire)了。8.A.workB.flightC.taskD.voyage【解析】选D。句意:他开始了他一生中最伟大的旅程。从上文可知他要航海(voyage)。9.A.afterB.beforeC.untilD.since【解析】选B。Chichester航行了14100英里才在澳大利亚的悉尼停下来。before在……之前,比……早些,多久才……。根据句意,B符合题意。10.A.togetherB.happilyC.aloneD.successfully【解析】选C。句意:这是以前独自(alone)航行的距离的两倍多。从后面的文章可知是他一人航行的。11.A.withoutB.forC.withD.beyond【解析】选A。句意:他上了岸后,如果没(without)别人帮助他连路都不能走。12.A.littleB.allC.muchD.enough【解析】选D。分析句意可知,每个人都说他已经做得非常好,足够了。enough充分,足够。8\n13.A.EventhoughB.OtherwiseC.ButD.Sothat【解析】选C。根据语境可知别人认为他做得足够了但他却不听,前后意思相反,故用表示转折关系的“但是”。14.A.planningB.workingC.restingD.sailing【解析】选C。从上文可知他是停在悉尼,在那儿休息(rest)了几周。15.A.helpB.preparationsC.discussionD.objections【解析】选D。从句意可知,Chichester再一次出发,不顾许多的反对(objection)。16.A.rainyB.dangerousC.interestingD.comfortable【解析】选B。从下文的内容“IfeelasifIhadwokenupfromanightmare”可知是更危险的(dangerous)。17.A.againB.thenC.finallyD.quickly【解析】选A。根据句意可知是说即使是一匹野马再也不能把我拖到好望角和那片海洋上。again表示“再一次”。故选A。18.A.forwardB.backC.shortlyD.opposite【解析】选B。从下文的“QueenElizabethⅡhonoredhim”可知他返回了英国。故back符合题意,故选B。19.A.EnglandB.AmericaC.FranceD.Australia【解析】选A。从上文可知,他是从英国出发的,故选A。20.A.seasonsB.weeksC.yearsD.months【解析】选D。句意:全程他花了9个月的时间,其中航行的时间是226天,通过分析可知226天是9个月中的大部分时间。因此按月计算。故选months。8\n四、单句改错1．ThefestivalofHalloweenhaditsoriginasaneventinthememoryofthedead.________________________________________________________答案：去掉memory前的the　inmemoryof“为了纪念……”。2．Don'tworry.I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturnoutsoonerorlater.________________________________________________________答案：out→up　turnup“出现；露面”。turnout“证明是；结果是”。3．It'spossibletoholdyourbreathefortwominutesinpractice.________________________________________________________答案：breathe→breath　breathe是动词，意为“呼吸”，breath是名词，holdone'sbreath意为“屏住呼吸”。4．TheInternetgivespeoplethechancetohavetheinformationtheylookforwardtodeliveringtothemquicklyandcheaply.________________________________________________________答案：delivering→delivered　句中“theylookforwardto”是定语从句，先行词是information。havetheinformationdelivered“传递/发送信息”。5．Wordcamethepresidentwouldbeshownaroundourschool.________________________________________________________答案：came后加that　Wordcamethat...“消息传来说……”。that引导的是同位语从句，虽无意义但是不能省略。五、七选五WaystoStopDoubtingYourselfWhatifIdon’tpassthistest?Aremyfriendsjusthangingoutwithmebecausetheyfeelbadforme?1.___________Stop!Theselfdoubtstopsrighthere.Herearesomewaystobeatnegativeselftalkandstartbelievinginyourself.·BeAware.Thefirststeptowardsovercominganythingistobecomeawareofit.Bybecomingawarethatwearedoubtingourselves,wecansoonerconfirmitandputastoptoit.Aswerealizeourselfdoubt,wewillgetquickeratconfirmingandstoppingit.See?2.___________·TakeaBreak.Sometimesitisourmindthatgoesagainstus.Wheneveryoufindyourselfhaving8\ndoubts,takeabreak.3.___________Askyourselfwhatmadeyougetintothisgoal.Itwillgetyoutorealizewhyyoustarteditinthefirstplace.·4.___________Toooftenwedeterminehowwefeelaboutourselvesaccordingtowhatotherpeoplefeelaboutus.Ourselfworthisjustdependentuponwhatwethinkofourselves.Sowemustbreakfreeofthechainsthattellusourselfworthisrecognizedbyotherpeople.·FindSupport.5．___________Findsupportthroughfriendsandreadotherinspirationalwebsites.Sometimesweallneedtohearsomethingthatwillgetusmovingagain.Wejustneedtoreachouttootherswhounderstandus.A．TakeItSlow.B．FreeYourself.C．Giveyourselftimetothink.D．It’snotalwayseasydoingthingsalone.E．Thisisalreadyastepintherightdirection.F．WhatifIneverfigureoutmylife’spurpose?G．Becauseonceyougiveup,noonecanhelpyou.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了停止怀疑自己的几种方法。1．F　解析：空前面是两个问句，后面是“Stop！”，所以本空也需要填一个问句，故选F项。2．E　解析：由空前的“当我们意识到自我怀疑时，我们可以及时确认并且及时制止。”可知，此处表示这已经是朝着正确方向前进的一步了，所以选E项。3．C　解析：根据前一句“Wheneveryoufindyourselfhavingdoubts，takeabreak.”即“无论你什么时候发现自己有疑问，休息一下”，可知空处应是“给自己思考的时间”，故选C项。4．B　解析：本段的最后一句说明应该“解脱自己”，所以选B项。5．D　解析：根据“Findsupportthroughfriendsandreadotherinspirationalwebsites.”可知，空处应是“独自做一些事情是不容易的”，所以选D项。8