2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit1Culturalrelics含解析新人教版必修2

Culturalrelics李仕才一、阅读理解Somepigstendtobeoptimisticwhileothersarepessimistic，accordingtoanewresearchthatismeaningfultoanimalwelfare.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalBiologyLetters，isthefirsttoshowthatmoodandpersonalityinteractinananimal，influencingjudgment.Asher，aresearcherattheUniversityofNewcastle'sInstituteofNeuroscience，andherteamhousedgroupsofpigsintwotypesofenvironment.Onereflectedstandardcommercialconditionsandtheotherwascushierwithmorespaceandplentyofsoft，deepstraw.Afterthepigsgotaccustomedtothesenewhomesoverafewweeks，theresearcherspicked18pigsfromeachtypetotrainandtesttheirjudgment.“Todothis，wetrainedeachpig.Inonecornerofatrainingroomtherewouldbeabowlwithchocolatesweets—pigslovethem—andattheoppositesideoftheroomtherewouldbeabowlcontainingcoffeebeans，whichpigsfindbittertasting，”aresearchersaid.Overanumberoftrainingtrials，pigslearnedtogotothebowlreliablywhenitwasinthecornerwheretheyhadfiguredouttoexpectchocolatesweets.Onthecontrary，theyquicklylearnedtoavoidthebowlwhenitwasinthecornerwheretheywouldexpecttofindthecoffeebeans.Theresearchersnextplacedanunfamiliarbowlindifferentlocations，toseehowthepigswouldreact.Somegailydashedtothebowlnomatterwhatwasinside，showingoptimismthatitwouldcontaintheirfavoritesweets.Others，however，behavedasthoughtheyexpectedittocontaincoffeebeans，displayingpessimism.Thefindingssuggestthataonesizefitsallanswertoanimalwelfareissuesdoesnotexist.Evenifpigsarejustequaltobaconorothermeatforsomepeople，thereisstillcauseforconcern.Studieshavesuggestedthathowananimalistreatedduringitslifetimecandirectlyaffectmeatqualityandtaste.1．Whatwasthestudytryingtofigureout?A．Howtomakepigshappier.B．Thesimilaritiesbetweenhumansandpigs.C．Howlivingenvironmentaffectedpigs'mood.D．Howpigs'moodandpersonalityaffectedtheirjudgment.9\n2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cushier”inParagraph2mean?A．Simple.B．Morecomfortable.C．Unpractical.D．Lessfree.3．Whichbowlcantestwhetherapigisoptimisticorpessimistic?A．Thebowlwithchocolatesweets.B．Thebowlcontainingcoffeebeans.C．Thebowlfullofbothsweetsandbeans.D．Thebowlunfamiliartotwotypesofpigs.4．Whatdothefindingsofthenewresearchimply?A．Peopleshouldtreatpigsequally.B．People'shealthreliesonmeatquality.C．Peopleshouldmeetpigs'variousneeds.D．People'sattitudetowardpigsistotallywrong.【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。【段意梳理】第一段：概述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用，这些相互作用会影响它们的判断。第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究团队把猪分成两组进行实验的过程。第六段：根据实验结果，研究人员进行分析和总结。1．D　考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第二句“Thestudy，publishedinthejournalBiologyLetters，isthefirsttoshowthatmoodandpersonalityinteractinananimal,influencingjudgment”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。所以选项D正确。2．B　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“morespaceandplentyofsoft,deepstraw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。所以选项B正确。3．D　考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“Theresearchersnextplacedanunfamiliarbowlindifferentlocations,toseehowthepigswouldreact”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与第五段内容一致。所以选项D正确。4．C　考查推理判断。根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。所以选项C正确。二、单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.答案：that　分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是thelittleproblems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。9\n2．(2022·天津高考)Myeldestson,________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.答案：whose　分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后名词存在所属关系，故应用whose。3．MrReed________(select)torepresentusinthemeetinghasbeensenttohaveatalkwiththem.答案：selected　由句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。select与其所修饰的MrReed之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此填selected。4．Itwasclearly________(evidence)thatthecompanywasingreatdifficulties.答案：evident　Itis/wasevidentthat...是常用句型，意为“很明显……”。5．Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishow________(survive)withoutfriendsinlife.答案：tosurvive　“疑问词＋动词不定式”在本句中作表语，howtosurvive“怎么生存”。6．Idon'treallyfancy________(do)businesswithhim.答案：doing　fancydoing...“想要做……”。7．Hewasseverelycriticizedand________(remove)fromhispost.答案：removed　removesb.fromhispost“开除某人”，此处是被动语态，因此填removed。8．ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplayingcards________(design)forentertainmentandeducation.答案：weredesigned　bedesignedfor“为……而设计”。9．We________(face)thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn'tyoutellme?答案：couldhavefaced　由后一分句可知，前一分句谓语应用couldhavedone结构，表示“过去我们本来可以共同面对困难”。10．Alltheworkers________(belong)tothefactorymustobeytherule.答案：belonging　由句子结构可知，此处应填belong的非谓语动词形式，workers与belongto之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。故用现在分词belongingto作后置定语。belongto无被动语态。三、完形填空“Guys,getoutofthemud!HowmanytimesdoIhavetotellyou?”I　1　thewordsangrily.Ifeltmyselfrecreatingthe　2　wordsmyparentshadsaidto9\nmesomanytimesinthepast,andIfeltpowerlesstochangemykids’actions.A(n)　3　thoughtcametome,onethatcomestomost　4　atsomepoint:“AmIbecomingmyfather?”Wewereonashortvacation,andmydaughterandsonwereplayinginthemud,splashing(溅)itwiththeirboots,and　5　thefeeling.Youknow,oneofthosefeelingsthatweadultsarefartoo　6　toenjoyanymore.Itwasthethirdandlastdayofourtrip,andI’dbeenwiththekidsonasolomissiontonorthernMinnesota.Mywifehadstayedhometoenjoysome　7　timetorest.Takingcareofkidsalonewas　8　noeasytask.Andwhilewe’d　9　somegreattimeonthetrip,itdidn’tfeeltoogreatatthemoment.Iwas　10　withsomethingmanyfathersdidwith:asenseof　11　withmykids,andafeelingIshouldcontroltheir　12　.Mysonturnedaroundtomeandsaid,“Dad,relax!It’sOK!”I　13　backathim,realizinghewasright.　14　,themudcouldbewashedoff.Noliveswerein　15　.Theonly　16　herewasmydesiretocontrolthem.Iwantedtothankhimforhis　17　.It’susefultorememberthatourkidsarenottobecontrolled.Theyshouldbeguidedandled,butnotcontrolled.Thisdesiretocontrolcanleadmanyfatherstoanemotional　18　withtheirkids.Andwhilemanyfathersareclearly　19　ofthisproblem,theyconvincethemselvesthatitcan’tbehelped.Thetruthisthatitcanbehelped,andfatherscan　20　therelationshiptheyhavewiththeirkids.语篇解读：作者无意中因为一件小事对孩子发脾气，事后作者开始反思自己对孩子教育的方式，最后意识到对孩子的教育不是控制而是需要引导。1.A.pickedoutB.figuredoutC.spilledoutD.complainedabout【答案】C9\n【解析】从下文中的angrily可知，此处指作者恼怒地脱口而出。spillout在这里表示突然说出，脱口而出。2.A.valuableB.powerfulC.unforgettableD.same【答案】D【解析】由空前的recreating和空后的myparentshadsaidtomesomanytimesinthepast可知，此处表示作者发现自己在重复过去父母对自己说过的相同的(same)话。3.A.alarmingB.inspiringC.amusingD.interesting【答案】A4.A.educatorsB.travelersC.fathersD.drivers【答案】C【解析】由下文中多次出现的father和fathers可知，此处应填fathers。5.A.expressingB.enjoyingC.exploringD.describing【答案】B【解析】根据上下文语境可知，此处表示孩子们享受(enjoying)这种感觉。6.A.familiarB.skilledC.matureD.corrupted【答案】C【解析】此处表示大人由于过于成熟，没有了童心，因此享受不到这种快乐。7.A.relaxedB.preciousC.meaningfulD.remaining【答案】A【解析】根据上下文语境可知，作者一个人带着两个孩子，妻子在家享受休息时光，故这里用relaxed最合适。8.A.absolutelyB.similarlyC.additionallyD.gradually【答案】A【解析】一个人带孩子绝对不是件容易的事。从下文的didn’tfeeltoogreat可知，9\n空处用来加强语气，故选absolutely。9.A.sufferedB.experiencedC.encounteredD.counted【答案】B【解析】尽管我们已经经历了(experienced)一些美好的时光，但此时此刻作者感觉并不美好。10.A.agreeingB.combiningC.comparingD.struggling【答案】D【解析】这里表示作者正如许多父亲一样在努力应付一件事情。struggle在此处表示作出极大的努力。11.A.impatienceB.embarrassmentC.satisfactionD.expression【答案】A【解析】对应上文中的angrily及作者对孩子说的话，此处表示作者对孩子缺乏耐心(impatience)。12.A.behaviorB.directionC.routineD.emotion【答案】A【解析】作者觉得自己应该控制孩子们的行为(behavior)，即约束孩子们不要在泥中玩耍。13.A.shoutedB.glaredC.dashedD.looked【答案】D14.A.HoweverB.IndeedC.ThereforeD.Otherwise【答案】B【解析】根据上下文语境，此处表示作者意识到泥的确(Indeed)可以被洗掉，且在泥中玩耍并没有生命危险。15.A.vainB.doubtC.dangerD.shape9\n【答案】C【解析】参见上题解析。indanger意为处于危险之中。16.A.chanceB.problemC.methodD.choice【答案】B【解析】此处表示孩子们的行为没有问题，唯一的问题(problem)是作者想要控制孩子们的行为的这种欲望。17.A.confidenceB.responseC.educationD.concern【答案】B【解析】是孩子的回答(response)提醒了自己，因此作者很感激孩子。18.A.associationB.argumentC.communicationD.disconnection【答案】D【解析】控制孩子的欲望会导致父亲与孩子之间的疏远。disconnection分离，疏远。19.A.afraidB.ashamedC.awareD.careful【答案】C【解析】尽管许多父亲清楚地意识到(aware)这一点，但他们却说服自己这是没办法的。20.A.buildB.destroyC.changeD.protect【答案】C四、单句改错1．Theboy'sbehaviorwashighthoughtofbyallthepeoplepresent.________________________________________________________答案：high→highly　thinkhighlyof...“高度评价……”。2．Whatcanwedofortheminreturnallthehelptheyhavegivenus?________________________________________________________答案：return后加for　inreturnfor...“作为对……的回报”。3．Itisveryworthmakinganefforttopromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.________________________________________________________答案：very→well　bewellworthdoing...“非常值得做……”。9\n4．Therescueworkersremovedthestonesinsearchforanysurvivor.________________________________________________________答案：for→of　insearchof...“寻找……”。5．Thereisnodoubtwhatacleanerdoesishardercomparedwithanyotherjobinthesociety.________________________________________________________答案：doubt后加that　Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”。五、七选五TraditionalChineseCultureChinesecultureisover5，000yearsold.1.___________ThespiritoftheteaceremonyXihuLongjing（WestLakeDragonWell）andYunnanPu’erhavelongbeenworldfamous.2.___________ThespiritoftheChineseteaceremonycapturestheChineseattitudetowardslifeandspirituality.Thesearethethingsthatpeopleallovertheworldcanbenefitfrom.Ahandfulofgoodtealeaveswithsomeboilingwaterandasetoflovelyteawarearetheperfectwaytospendasunnyafternoonandgainsomeinsightsintothewisdomofthatancientcivilization.3.___________Duringthe5，000yearsofChinesecivilization，manydifferentflavors，styles，andcuisines（烹饪）havedeveloped，basedontraditionalphilosophyandculture.ThisancientfoodculturehashadadirectimpactonthecountriessuchasJapan，Mongolia，SouthKorea，Thailand，andSingapore.IthasbenefitedbillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldthroughinnovationssuchasChinesevegetarianculture，teaculture，vinegar，pasta，medicinaldiets，ceramictableware，andtheuseofsoybeansinthediet.ConfucianismConfucianismemphasizespeacefulnessandharmonybetweenheavenandhumanity，throughpursuingthe“Tao”，whichistheharmonizationbetweennatureandmankind.Itadvocatesharmonyandmoderation，includingtheharmonybetweenindividuals，aswellastheharmonybetweenamanandhisinnerself.Confucianismhasflourishedduringthelast2，500yearsofChina’s5，000yearhistory.4.___________Thisschoolofthoughthashadthemostprofoundand9\nlonglastinginfluenceinChina’shistory.SeventyfourNobelPrizewinnersandmanyotherhighlyrespectedscholarshavestatedthatforthebenefitofmankind’slivelihoodanddevelopmentintothenextcentury，theseteachingsshouldbepromotedandadoptedworldwide.5.___________A.ChinesecuisineB.TraditionalChinesecultureC.Ithasbeenthemainstayofthatancientcivilization.D.Theyareprettypopularduetotheirsuperiorcolorandflavor.E.ThefollowingthreeitemsoftraditionalChineseculturehavehadaworldwideimpact.F.ThiswonderfullyrichfoodculturehasalsohadanimpactonEurope，AmericaandOceania.G.Thiswouldprovidelonglastingbenefitsforman，helpingtoensureapeacefulandhappylife.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了中国特色传统文化。1.E　解析：承接上文“Chinesecultureisover5，000yearsold.”并与下文介绍的三个传统文化的代表呼应，此处起承上启下的作用，导入本文所要介绍的主题：中国富有特色的传统文化。所以选E项。2.D　解析：承接上文“XihuLongjing（WestLakeDragonWell）andYunnanPu’erhavelongbeenworldfamous.”，空处解释了茶文化流行的原因，所以选D项。3.A　解析：空处是本段的小标题，由下文的“Duringthe5，000yearsofChinesecivilization，manydifferentflavors，styles，andcuisines（烹饪）havedeveloped，basedontraditionalphilosophyandculture.”可推知，本段主要讲的是中国的烹饪文化，所以选A项。4.C　解析：根据上文的“Confucianismhasflourishedduringthelast2，500yearsofChina’s5，000yearhistory.”可推知，空处讲的是儒家思想在中国的重要地位，故选C项。5.G　解析：根据上文的“SeventyfourNobelPrizewinnersandmanyotherhighlyrespectedscholarshavestatedthatforthebenefitofmankind’slivelihoodanddevelopmentintothenextcentury”可知，儒家思想会给人类带来福祉，所以选G项。9