2023高考英语统考一轮复习训练模块五Unit3阅读理解题组_练速度含解析牛津译林版202303181248

高考题型·组合规范练15模块五　Unit3阅读理解题组——练速度(35mins)Ⅰ.阅读理解AOxfordandCambridgeTourwithFreeLunchPackWhatIncluded:WalkingtourofOxfordandCambridgeVisittoChristChurchFreelunchpackProfessionalguidesLuxuryair-conditionedbusesPleaseNote:Youmustbringthee-ticketprovidedtogainentrytothistour.Bookingsmadeaftermidnightforthesamedaywillnotreceiveafreelunchpack.Duringpeakperiods,additionalvehicleswithoutWi-Fimaybeused.WalkingTourofOxfordFollowinthefootstepsofOxford’sfamousstudents,fromC.S.LewistoBillClinton,asyouwalkthroughtheattractivecollegecourtyardsofthishistoricuniversitytown.SeetheBodleianLibrary—oneoftheoldestlibrariesinEuropeonyourvisit.You’llbeattractedbytheancientsquaresofthisnaturallybeautifultown.ChristChurchChristChurchisrecognisableasoneofthemajorlocationsfortheHarryPotterfilms!Marvelatthemagicalgrandeur(壮观)oftheGreatHall,usedasthesettingforHogwarts.SenateHouseOnceyou’veleftOxford,you’llmakeyourwaytothebeautifulcityofCambridge.It’sherethatyouwillvisitSenateHouseattheworld-famousUniversityofCambridge.UsedbytheCounciloftheSenateforimportantmeetingsbefore,itisnowthechosenlocationforstudents’degreeceremonies.You’llgettoexplorethisspeciallocationanddiscoveritsimportanthistory.Daysofdeparture:Tuesdays,ThursdaysandSaturdaysCheck-in:8:00amDeparture:8:30amReturn:7:00pmDeparturepoint:GoldentoursVictoriaVisitorCentre4FountainSquare,123-151BuckinghamPalaceRoad,LondonSW1W9SH1.Whichofthefollowingisincludedinthetour?A.Freemealspack.B.BusestravelinginOxford.C.Air-conditionedbuses.\nD.Professors’introduction.2.Whatwillhappenifyoubookthetripforthesameday?A.Youwon’tgetfreelunch.B.You’llpaymoreforthetrip.C.Youdon’tneedtobringe-ticket.D.You’lltakebuseswithoutWi-Fi.3.WhatisChristChurchfamousfor?A.TheplacethatBillClintononcevisited.B.FootstepsofOxford’sfamousstudents.C.Manyancientbeautifulsquares.D.AmajorsettingfortheHarryPotterfilms.BWhenshewasstudyingtobecomeascientist,MeganStraussrodeinasmallairplanetostudygiraffes.WhileapilotflewovertheSerengetiinTanzania,Africa,theresearcherslookeddowncarefullyandcountedgiraffes.“Iamalwaysamazedhoweasilywecanspotwarthogsandothersmallanimals,yetwesometimeshavetroubleseeinggiraffes.Giraffesareslenderinshape,andtheymaynotthrowagoodshadow,”saysDr.Strauss,whohassincebecomeawildlifescientist.TheSerengetiisaboutthesizeofVermont,astateinthenortheasternUS,sothescientistscouldnotstudytheentirearea.Instead,theysurveyedthreeareaswheregiraffeswerestudiedinthe1970s.Astheyexpected,theysawfarfeweroftheseanimals.Tofindoutiflionshadbeenkillingmoregiraffesinrecentyears,theteamlookedatthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.Lionskillmoreyounggiraffesthanadults,buttheteamfoundnodecreaseinyounggiraffes’survivalaftertheyareborn,comparedwiththe1970s.Theteamthenlookedatwhethertoomanygiraffeswerebeingkilledbyparasites(寄生虫).Theresearcherscountedparasiteeggsingiraffedroppings,andtheyfoundtoofewtoharmthegiraffepopulation.Theylookedintowhetherpoachers(盗猎者)werekillingtoomanygiraffes.Twooftheareastheystudiedarewheregiraffemeatissometimessoldinlocalmarkets.Poacherscatchmoreadultmalesthanothergiraffes.Researchersspottedtoofewmalescomparedwithfemalesinthosetwoareas,asignofpoaching.Whenthefoodsupplyisshort,theenvironmentsupportsfewergiraffesandthefemaleshavefeweryounggiraffes.AlotofnewtreeshavegrownintheSerengeti,butmanyareatypethatgiraffesdonotliketoeat.Theresearchersfoundfeweryounggiraffestodaythaninthe1970scomparedwiththenumberofadultfemales,asignthatfoodwasinshortsupply.Dr.StraussisworkingonanenvironmentaleducationprogramforTanzaniaincludingbooksforstudents.ThesematerialswilleducateTanzaniansandhelpthemtohelpgiraffes.Asknowledgegrowsandchangesaremade,theyhopethegiraffepopulationwillincrease.4.WhatdidDr.StraussfindwhilestudyinggiraffesintheSerengeti?\nA.Itwastoocostlytostudygiraffes.B.Itwashardtospotgiraffesfromtheair.C.Thenumberofgiraffeshadincreasedslowly.D.Giraffeslivedinsmallerareasthaninthe1970s.5.Howdidtheteamstudythelion-girafferelationship?A.Byanalyzinggiraffedroppings.B.Bycomparingyounggiraffeswithadults.C.Bycomparingmalegiraffesandfemales.D.Bysurveyingthesurvivalofyounggiraffes.6.WhatisDr.Straussdoingtohelpgiraffes?A.SheisfoundinganationalparkinTanzania.B.SheiscountinggiraffesintheentireSerengeti.C.Sheiseducatingstudentstowriteaboutgiraffes.D.Sheisraisingenvironmentalawarenessinlocalpeople.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Seriesofstudiesaboutgiraffes.B.Waysofbecomingascientist.C.Protectingtheenvironment.D.Anenvironmentalprogram.CRememberVitaminwater’s“freeofrollingscreenforayear”challengethatdaredpeopletobefreefromsmartphonesforawholeyearwillwin$100,000?Well,ElanaMugdan,aNewYorkwoman,hasbeenintoitforeightmonths,andjustfourmonthsawayfromclaiminggrandprize.VitaminwatermadenewsheadlineslastDecemberwhenitannounceditsuniquechallenge.Thousandsofpeopleappliedtobechosenastheperfectcandidatetospendayearwithouttouchingtheirsmartphones,butintheend,theonlypersonwhogottotryandsurviveforanentireyearwithoutahandheldsmartphonewasElanaMugdan,a29-year-oldfictionwriterfromQueens,NewYork.Eightmonthsintothechallenge,sheclaimsithasbeenafreeandeye-openingexperiencethatshowsherjusthowdependentshebecomesonhersmartphone.Eventhoughtherearetimeswhenshemissesherhandheldsmartphone,sheplanstogoonlivingwithoutitevenafterthechallengeends,becauseshereallydoesn’twanttogobacktodayswhensheabusedit,wastedtime,stayedupallhoursofthenightonit,andwasobsessedwithsocialmedia. Butnothavingaccesstohersmartphonereallymadecertainsituationsalotharderthanshecouldhaveimaginedthembefore.“Manypeopledidmeafavor.However,once,Ialmostgotstranded(滞留)intheSeaTacairportbecausethephonenumberI’dwrittendownwaswrong,andIhadnowayofreferringtotherightone,nowayofcallingacab,andnooneinthestatewhocouldhelpme,”theyoungwritersaid.Anothertime,hercar’s“checkengine”lightturnedonwhileshewasdrivinginanunfamiliarareaatnight.Shecouldn’tuseherphone’sGPSlocationfeature,orevencheckwhatthelightmeantonGoogleorfindanearbycarrepairshop.Still,she\nlearnedtoovercomethesesituations.Andnowsheclaimsthelasteightmonthsofphone-freelifehavebeenoneofthebestadventuresofherlifeandthatshe’llkeepitforanotherfourmonths.8.What’sthechallenge“freeofrollingscreenforayear”?A.Peoplefreefromsmartphonescanlivearicherlife.B.Peoplelivingatelephone-freelifecanbeawardedeveryyear.C.Peoplelivingwithoutcomputersforayearwillwingrandprize.D.Peoplespendingayearfreefromsmartphoneswillgetareward.9.Whichphrasecanreplacetheunderlinedpart“obsessedwith”inParagraph2?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Satisfiedwith.B.Accustomedto.C.Addictedto.D.Popularwith.10.WhatdoesElanaMugdanmainlywanttoexpressinParagraph3?A.It’sfantastictohavesomeonetohelpheralltheway.B.It’sunimaginabletoloseherphonenumberontheway.C.It’sunnecessarytorefertoinformationwithasmartphone.D.It’sdifficulttogetoutofthetroublewithoutasmartphone.11.WhatcanwelearnaboutElanaMugdan?A.Shecouldn’tlivewithoutasmartphone.B.Shefindsnoonecanhelpherintheadventure.C.Shehasnotwonthe$100,000prizeyet.D.Sheusedtousehersmartphonetowritefiction.DFortwocenturies,thefamousUniversityofCambridgedebatingsocietyhashostedmanyprominentfigures,fromworldleaderstoscientiststocomedians.OnNov21,theCambridgeUnionhosteditsfirst-evernon-humanguest.DesignedbyIBM,ProjectDebaterisamachinethatusesArtificialIntelligence(AI)toformaspokenargument.Itcanevenlistenandanswertoopposingstatements,muchlikearealperson.SpeakingwithavoicesimilartoSiri,ProjectDebaterusesAItosearchjournals,newspapersandotherinformationsources.Itthenfiltersout(过滤)uselessinformation,picksthestrongestarguments,andarrangesthemintoapersuasiveargument.IntheCambridgetestdebate,itarguedthetopic:AIwillultimatelydomoreharmthangood.AccordingtoIBM,itisthefirstmachinethatcandebatecomplicatedtopicswithhumans.Beforethedebate,morethan1,100argumentsforthepositivesandnegativesofAIweresubmittedtotheIBMwebsite.Themachinethenanalyzedthesesourcesandformedthebasisofitsargumentsinminutes.ProjectDebaterthenshowedoffitsAIbyarguingforbothsidesofthedebate.Overafour-minutespeech,itarguedfirstthat,“AIcanonlymakedecisionsthatithasbeenprogrammedtosolve,whilehumanscanbeprogrammedforallplots,possibleevents.”\nInsupportofAI,itthenarguedthatAIwouldcreatenewjobsand“bringalotmoreefficiency”totheworkplace.Thisisn’tthefirsttestforProjectDebater.InJune2018,themachinewentback-and-forthfor20minutesagainstchampiondebaterHarishNatarajan.AccordingtoNewScientist,onbothoccasions,ProjectDebaterrepeatedpointsanddidn’talwayssufficientlysupportthem.SpeakingtoCambridgeIndependent,NoamSlonim,theproject’sleadengineer,said,“TheAIisnotperfect,butit’sgoingintherightdirection.”TheteamhopestoimprovetheAIbyresearchingwhyhumansfindcertainargumentsmorepersuasivethanothers.12.InwhichwaydoesProjectDebaterbehavelikearealperson?A.Itcanlistenandanswertoopposingstatements.B.ItcanspeakwithavoicesimilartoSiri.C.Itcancreatevarioususefulsources.D.Itcandealwithanysituation.13.WhatwerepreparedforthemachinebeforetheCambridgetestdebate?A.Analyzedsources.B.Uselessmessages.C.Materialsforarguments.D.Itemsabouthumandebaters.14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.AIdidbetterthanhumansinarguments.B.AIhadrichideastosupportitspoints.C.AIbeatHarishNatarajaninthefirsttest.D.AIneedsmorepersuasiveargumentsindebates.15.WhatisNoamSlonim’sattitudetotheAI?A.Supportive.B.Unconfident.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowtobecomeascientistBecurious.Scientistschoosetobecomescientistsbecausetheyarecuriousabouttheworldaroundthemandhowthethingsinitwork.Thiscuriosityleadsthemtoinvestigatethehowandwhybehindwhattheysee.　1　Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.Thereareveryfewcareersthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenwhenyou’redoingwithyoureducation,youstillhavetogetresearchunderyourbelt.Ifyou’reaninstant-gratification(即时满足)typeofperson,thismaynotbetherightcareerforyou. Bediligentandpersevere.It’sbeensaidthatjobsinsciencearethelowestpaidintheUS.Whatthisisgettingatisthatbecauseofthelongpathtosuccess,forawhileyouwon’tbelivinglavishly(丰富地).　2　 Havetheneedtoalwayskeeplearning.　3　Whetherit’sreadingpeer-reviewedjournals,attendingseminars,orworkingtowardgettingyourselfpublished,you’llalwaysbelearning. \n　4　Inthoseyearsofwaitingforresults,youneedtoconstantlybelookingforthesmallestchangesinwhatyouexpecttosee.Youreyeneedstobefocusedandreadyatalltimes. Thinkdifferently.ThinkbacktoNewton’sapplefallingonhisheadorArchimedes’jumpingintohistubanddisplacingwater.Mostpeoplewouldthinknothingoftheseevents,butthesemensawsomethingelse,somethingnooneelsewasseeingatthetime.　5　 A.Observationskillsarealsonecessary.B.Bepatientinclimbingthecareerladder.C.Thingsaregoingtobetoughforawhile.D.Thenyou’reprobablymadeoftherightstuff.E.Asthesayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”F.Actuallywhateveryscientistdoesisseekoutknowledge.G.Tomakeprogressinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.高考题型·组合规范练15模块五　Unit3　阅读理解题组——练速度Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章的主要目的是推荐牛津和剑桥之旅。1.C　细节理解题。根据文章WhatIncluded部分的“Luxuryair-conditionedbuses”可知,旅行的交通工具是豪华空调大巴,因此C项正确。2.A　细节理解题。文章PleaseNote部分的“Bookingsmadeaftermidnightforthesamedaywillnotreceiveafreelunchpack.”可知,午夜后预订当天的票,午餐将不获赠,因此A项正确。3.D　细节理解题。根据ChristChurch部分的“ChristChurchisrecognisableasoneofthemajorlocationsfortheHarryPotterfilms!”可知,ChristChurch是《哈利·波特》电影的主要拍摄地之一。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员通过调查研究发现长颈鹿的数量在减少,并发现偷猎和缺乏食物是长颈鹿数量减少的原因。4.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Iamalwaysamazedhoweasilywecanspotwarthogsandothersmallanimals,yetwesometimeshavetroubleseeinggiraffes.Giraffesareslenderinshape,andtheymaynotthrowagoodshadow”可知,要在空中发现长颈鹿很难,因为它们身型纤细,可能不会投下好找的影子。5.D　推理判断题。根据第四段可知,研究人员是通过研究调查幼年长颈鹿的存活情况,来研究狮子和长颈鹿的关系的。6.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,Dr.Strauss通过提高当地人的环保意识来帮助长颈鹿。7.A　主旨大意题。通览全文内容可知,本文主要讲述有关长颈鹿生存状况的研究。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫ElanaMugdan的纽约人参加一项特殊挑战的故事。8.D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“RememberVitaminwater’s‘freeofrollingscreenforayear’challengethatdaredpeopletobefreefromsmartphonesforawholeyearwillwin$100,000?”可知,这个挑战是指人们如果在一年之内不用智能手机就可以获得10万美元的大奖。9.C　词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“shereallydoesn’twanttogobacktodayswhensheabusedit,wastedtime,stayedupallhours\nofthenightonit”可知,Mugdan在参加挑战之前常常滥用手机,浪费时间,整夜不睡,故推知Mugdan曾对社交媒体沉迷,故选C项。10.D　推理判断题。根据本段的主题句“Butnothavingaccesstohersmartphonereallymadecertainsituationsalotharderthanshecouldhaveimaginedthembefore.”以及她说的话可知,本段想表达没有智能手机让她很难摆脱某些困境。11.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,ElanaMugdan已经坚持了八个月不用智能手机了,再有四个月就可以获得大奖,所以她还没得到这个大奖。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。11月21日,剑桥辩论学会迎来了首位非人类嘉宾。由美国国际商用机器公司(简称IBM)设计的“ProjectDebater”是个能够使用人工智能进行辩论的机器人,它甚至能够聆听并提出反驳,就像真人一样。12.A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Itcanevenlistenandanswertoopposingstatements,muchlikearealperson.”可知,它能够聆听并提出反驳,就像真人一样,故选A项。13.C　细节理解题。第五段中提到:辩论开始前,IBM官网上收到了1100多条关于人工智能利弊的论据。这款机器人随后对这些来源进行了分析,并在数分钟内形成了其论点的基础。然后,“ProjectDebater”通过为正反两方辩论展示了其人工智能的技术,故选C项。14.D　推理判断题。最后两段提到:《新科学家》杂志认为,在这两次辩论中,“辩论家计划”的论点都有重复,其论据也并非总是充分有力。该项目的首席工程师诺姆·斯洛尼姆在接受《剑桥独立报》采访时表示:“人工智能并不完美,但它的方向是正确的。”为改进人工智能,团队对人类为何能找出更有说服力的论点进行了研究。故选D项。15.A　推理判断题。最后一段提到:为改进人工智能,团队对人类为何能找出更有说服力的论点进行了研究。可见NoamSlonim对于人工智能是支持的,故选A项。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章就如何成为科学家提供了几点建议。如:要有好奇心;要有耐心;要勤奋并持之以恒等。1.B　根据“要成为科学家需要很长的时间”可知,B项“攀登事业阶梯要有耐心”可作为本段的小标题。2.C　上文提到“这是因为在通往成功的漫长道路上,有一段时间,你不会过着奢华的生活”。由此可知,有一段时间情况可能很艰难,C项符合语境。3.F　本段的小标题是“要不断的学习”。F项“实际上每个科学家所做的都是寻找知识”与标题语意相符。4.A　根据下文的“在等待结果的那些年里,你需要不断地寻找你期望看到的最小的变化”可知,当科学家观察的技巧是必要的,所以用A项作小标题。5.G　本段的小标题是“要有不同的思维方式”。G项“要想在人类知识上取得进步,你必须有不同的思维方式”可与标题相呼应。