2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit1Alandofdiversity含解析新人教版选修8

Unit1Alandofdiversity李仕才一、阅读理解。“Hergradesarefine；I'mnotworriedaboutthat，butshejustdoesn'tseemtolovelearninganymore，”Alice'smumsaid.She'sabsolutelyright.I'dnoticedthesamethingaboutherdaughterovertheprevioustwoorthreeyearswhenI'dbeenAlice'smiddleschoolEnglish，Latin，andwritingteacher，andIhaveananswer，rightthereonthetipofmytongue，towhathasgonewrong.YetI'mtornbetweenmyresponsibilitytohelpAliceandtheknowledgethatwhatIhavetosayisatruthI'mnotsurethismotherisreadytohear.Thetruthforthisparentandsomanyothersisthis：Herchildhassacrificedhernaturalcuriosityandloveoflearningatthealtar(圣坛)ofachievement，andit'sourfault.Alice'sparents，herteachers，societyatlarge—weareallsupposedtobeblamedinthiscrimeagainstlearning.Fromherfirstdayofschool，wepointedhertowardthataltarandtrainedhertomeasureherprogressbymeansofpoints，scores，andawards.WetaughtAlicethatherpotentialistiedtoherintellect(智力)，andthatherintellectismoreimportantthanhercharacter.WetaughthertocomehomeproudlybearinggradeAs，championshipprizes，andcollegeacceptance，andnotonpurpose，wetaughtherthatwedon'treallycarehowsheobtainsthem.Wetaughthertoprotectheracademicandextracurricularperfectionatallcostsandthatit'sbettertoquitwhenthingsgetchallengingratherthanrisklosingthatperfectrecord.Aboveallelse，wetaughthertofearfailure.Thatfeariswhathasdestroyedherloveoflearning.1．Boththemotherandtheauthorhavenoticedthat________.A．AlicehatestotellthemthetruthB．Alice'stestscoresarenotsogoodC．AlicechoosesseveralsubjectstolearnD．Alicedoesn'tenjoystudyinganymore2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torn”meaninthepassage?A．painedtochoose　　　B．guiltytoquitC．tiredtomanageD．certaintodecide3．Whatdoestheteacherthinkofthegirl?A．Heracademicperfectionresultsfromhercharacter.B．Sheisagiftedgirlwithspiritsofchallenging.9\nC．Sheisperfectinhercharacterdevelopment.D．Heracademicperformanceisgreat.4．Whatleadstothegirl'schange?A．Afewfailureexperiences.B．Fearoffailingtogetgoodgrades.C．Hermother'soverprotection.D．Hernotbeingacceptedbycolleges.【解题导语】本文通过Alice的例子说明了父母、老师和社会有时会扼杀孩子的好奇心和对学习的热爱。【难句分析】WetaughtAlicethatherpotentialistiedtoherintellect(智力)，andthatherintellectismoreimportantthanhercharacter.分析：这是一个复合句，含有两个that引导的宾语从句。We是主语，taught是谓语，两个that在从句中均不充当成分。译文：我们教给Alice的是她的潜力和她的智力是联系在一起的，并且她的智力比她的性格更重要。1．D　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“butshejustdoesn'tseemtolovelearninganymore”和第二段中的“I'dnoticedthesamethingaboutherdaughter”可知，Alice的妈妈和作者都注意到Alice不再喜欢学习。A项和C项文中没有提到；根据第一段中的“Hergradesarefine”可知，B项错误。2．A　考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“betweenmyresponsibility...andtheknowledgethatwhatIhavetosayisatruth”可知，作者在两者之间很难选择。3．D　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Wetaughthertoprotectheracademicandextracurricularperfectionatallcosts”可知，Alice的学业表现很好。根据第三段的“WetaughtAlicethatherpotentialistiedtoherintellect(智力)，andthatherintellectismoreimportantthanhercharacter”可知A项错误；根据第三段倒数第三句中的“thatit'sbettertoquitwhenthingsgetchallengingratherthanrisklosingthatperfectrecord”可知B项错误；根据第三段的倒数第二句“Aboveallelse，wetaughthertofearfailure”可知C项错误。4．B　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Wetaughthertoprotect...Thatfeariswhathasdestroyedherloveoflearning”可知，害怕失败毁掉了Alice对学习的热爱。二、单句语法填空1．Theyarelikely________(fire)bythecompanyjustbecauseoftheirfault.9\n答案：tobefired　Sb.belikelytodosth.“某人可能做某事”。主语they与fire之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。2．Themajorityoftheinterviewees________(prefer)watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.答案：prefer　themajorityof...作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。由interviewees可知谓语动词应用复数形式。3．Itsuddenlyoccurred________himthatheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.答案：to　It(suddenly)occurred/occurstosb.that...“某人突然想起某事”。4．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceive________(punish)．答案：punishment　句中动词receive后缺宾语，故应填名词punishment作宾语。5．Weshouldnothave________(race)discrimination.答案：racial　句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词discrimination,故填racial“种族的”。6．Shebecamethefirstblackwoman________(elect)totheSenate.答案：tobeelected　当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且elect与blackwoman之间为被动关系，故填tobeelected。7．Hecouldn'texpresshimselfcorrectly________meansofwords.答案：by　bymeansof...“借助于；用……；通过……方法”。8．She________(slip)outofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.答案：slipped　句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态were可知，应用一般过去时。9．________(hire)acar,youmustproduceapassportandacurrentdrivinglicense.答案：Tohire　句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。10．Bythetimesheknewthenews,John________(fly)toAmerica.答案：hadflown　由Bythetime引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，故应填hadflown。三、完形填空。BrianTagalogwasbornwithoutarms.Butthatdidn't__1__himfromleadinganormallife.The__2__youngmanbelievesheistheonlycertifiedtattoo(文身)artistwithoutarmsintheworld.A__3__ofHonolulu,TagalogmovedwithhisfamilytoTucson.Hehadalwaysshown9\naninterestindrawing,andsethismindonbecominga__4__tattooartist.Notmanypeoplegavehimachance,buthe__5__improvedhisfootdrawingskillsandoperatedthetattoogunwithhis__6__.Brian'smotheradmitsthat__7__himwasnoteasy,butshealwaysmadeita(n)__8__tolethimexplorehisoptions.“ThedayIgavebirthtohim,well,Iwasshocked,butweneverhidhim.Ididn't__9__himinanyway.”Andperhapsthat'swhatgavehimthe__10__toachievehisdreams,__11__theveryobviousabsenceoftwolimbs.“Iwasbornwithoutarms，”hesaid.“Butthathasnot__12__medowntopursuemydream.”Atfirst,findingashopthatwould__13__himprovedaverydifficultthing.He__14__manytattooshopsandgotnocallsback.Hedidn'tgiveup;__15__，Brianfinallyrunshisownshop.Brianusesa(n)__16__techniquetotattoo—hedrawsthedesignonclients'skinwithonefoot,__17__usingtheothertostretchtheskin.Andeventuallyhistattoosalwaysturnouttogethisclients'__18__.Brianhopeshissuccesswill__19__otherstofollowtheirdreamsbravely.Wordsandphotosjustdon'tdoBrianTagalogjustice.Youneedtoseehim__20__towitnesshowheworksonlywithhisfeet.【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了生来没有胳膊的BrianTagalog通过自己的不懈努力最终成为一名成功的文身艺术家的故事。1．A.promoteB．preserveC．protectD．prevent答案与解析：D'但是那没有阻止他过正常的生活。preventsb.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人做某事”。2．A.wiseB．ambitiousC．promisingD．handsome答案与解析：B'这个有抱负的年轻人相信他是这个世界上唯一一个有资格证的无臂文身艺术家。wise“睿智的”；ambitious“有雄心的，有抱负的”；promising“有前途的”；handsome“英俊的”。3．A.visitorB．foreignerC．strangerD．native答案与解析：D'根据后文的“movedwithhisfamilytoTucson”可知，此处指Tagalog是一个火奴鲁鲁的当地人。foreigner“外国人”；stranger“陌生人”；native“当地人，本地人”。4．A.professionalB．normal9\nC．temporaryD．conservative答案与解析：A'他总是表现出在绘画方面的兴趣，并且下决心成为一名专业的文身艺术家。professional“专业的，职业的”；normal“正常的”；temporary“暂时的”；conservative“保守的”。5．A.steadilyB．occasionallyC．effectivelyD．frequently答案与解析：A　并不是很多人给他机会，但是他不断地磨炼自己的脚部绘画技巧并且用自己的脚趾操作文身枪。steadily“持续地，不断地”；occasionally“偶尔，偶然”；effectively“高效地”；frequently“经常地，频繁地”。6．A.fingersB．toesC．mouthD．jaw答案与解析：B'参见上题解析。7．A.comfortingB．educatingC．raisingD．accompanying答案与解析：C'Brian的母亲承认抚养他长大不是一件容易的事儿。comfort“安慰”；educate“教育”；raise“养育，抚养”；accompany“陪伴”。8．A.failureB．pointC．adventureD．destination答案与解析：B'但她总是特别注意让他探究自己的选择。makeitapointto“对……特别注意，努力做到”，是固定短语，符合语境。failure“失败”；adventure“冒险”；destination“目的地”。9．A.defendB．blameC．abandonD．shelter答案与解析：D'根据上文的“butweneverhidhim”可知，此处应是指Brian的母亲不以任何形式庇护他。defend“保护”；blame“责备”；abandon“遗弃”；shelter“庇护，遮蔽”。10．A.confidenceB．determinationC．freedomD．enthusiasm答案与解析：A'根据上下文语境，此处应是表示尽管他没有胳膊，但是Brian的家人所采取的更为积极的让Brian成长的方式或许正是给予他实现梦想的自信心的东西。confidence“自信心”；determination“决心”；freedom“自由”；enthusiasm“热情”。11．A.apartfromB．inC．regardlessofD．despite答案与解析：D'参见上题解析。apartfrom“除了”；regardless9\nof“不管，不顾”；despite“尽管”。12．A.turnedB．calmedC．slowedD．tracked答案与解析：C'他说：“我生来没有胳膊，但是那并没有让我放慢追求自己梦想的速度。”turnsb.down“拒绝某人”；calmsb.down“使某人镇静下来”；slowsb.down“使某人慢下来”；tracksb.down“追查到，追踪到”。13．A.hireB．supportC．serveD．fund答案与解析：A'根据下文中的“...gotnocallsback”“Hedidn'tgiveup；'15'，Brianfinallyrunshisownshop.”可知，此处应是指起初，找到一个愿意雇用他的店铺被证实是一件非常困难的事情。hire“雇用”；support“支持”；serve“为……服务”；fund“资助”。14．A.adaptedtoB．appealedtoC．attachedtoD．appliedto答案与解析：D'根据上下文的内容可知，此处表示他应聘了好多家店。但是没有得到回信。applyto“向……申请”符合语境。adaptto“适应”；appealto“对……有吸引力”；attachto“与……有联系，与……有关联”。15．A.otherwiseB．insteadC．stillD．however答案与解析：B'他没有放弃，反而(instead)最后开了自己的店。otherwise“否则”；instead“反而”；still“仍然”；however“然而”。16．A.uniqueB．funnyC．powerfulD．attractive答案与解析：A'根据下文的内容可知，此处指Brian使用了一种独特的文身技巧。unique“独特的”；funny“有趣的”；powerful“强有力的”；attractive“吸引人的”。17．A.beforeB．ifC．whileD．unless答案与解析：C'当他用另一只脚将皮肤抻平时，他用一只脚在顾客的皮肤上绘制图案。while“当……时”符合语境。before“在……之前”；if“如果”；unless“除非”。18．A.instructionB．admirationC．doubtD．complaint答案与解析：B'而且最后他的文身总是会得到顾客的赞赏。instruction“指导”；admiration“赞赏”；doubt“怀疑”；complaint“投诉”。19．A.inspireB．urge9\nC．requestD．advise答案与解析：A'Brian希望他的成功能激励他人勇敢地追求梦想。inspiresb.todosth.“激励某人去做某事”。urge“敦促”；request“要求”；advise“建议”。20．A.inresponseB．inadvanceC．inactionD．inturn答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，此处表示你需要见证在工作状态中的Brian。inaction“在活动中，在运转”，在此引申为“处于工作状态中”。inresponse“作为回应”；inadvance“提前”；inturn“反过来”。四、单句改错1．Thisisbelievedthathardworkcanleadtosuccess.______________________________________________________答案：This→It　Itisbelievedthat...“人们相信……”，其中it为形式主语。2．AnideaoccurredmewhenIwaswalkinginthepark.______________________________________________________答案：occurred后加to　sth.occurs/occurredtosb.“某人突然想起某事”。3．AgreatmanyofpeoplegainagreatdealofinformationfromtheInternet.______________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个of　agreat/goodmany直接修饰可数名词复数，只有当名词前有限定词the/these/those/one's等时，才用agreat/goodmanyof短语。4．Weregrettoinformyouthatourcompanyhashiredonanothergirlforthejobofsecretary.______________________________________________________答案：去掉on　hire“雇用；租用”，为及物动词，后面不需加介词。5．Theywillcarryouttheplaninthismeans.______________________________________________________答案：in→by　bythismeans“用这种方法”。五、七选五Inourfastworldofphones，faxmachinesandcomputers，theoldfashionedartofletterwritingisatriskofdisappearingaltogether.1Thereistheexcitementofitsarrival，thepleasureofseeingwhoitisfromand，finally，theenjoymentofthecontents.LetterwritinghasbeenpartofmylifeforaslongasIcanremember.Itprobably9\nbeganwiththelittlenotesIwouldwritetomymother.Mymother，also，alwaysinsistedIwritemyownthankyoulettersforChristmasandbirthdaypresents.2WhenIlefthomeat18totrainasadoctorinLondon，Iwouldwriteonceaweek，andsowouldmymother.Occasionallymyfatherwouldwriteanditwasalwaysajoytoreceivehislong，amusingletters.3Ofcourse，wealsomadephonecallsbutitisthelettersthatIremembermost.Therewerealsolettersfrommyboyfriends.InmyyouthIseemedtoattractpeoplewhohadtoworkorstudyawayatsometimeandwewereonlyabletostayintouchbyletter.4IfoundthatIcouldoftenexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinwritingthanbytalking.IlovethelettersthatcomewithbirthdayorChristmascards.Notesareappreciated，buthowmuchbettertohaveayear'ssupplyofnews！Andit'sbetterstillwhenit'sanairmailenvelopewithbeautifulstamps.5Likemymotherbeforeme，Iinsisttheywritetheirownthankyouletters.Mydaughterwritestomelittleletters，justasIdidtomymother.Istronglyurgereadersnottoallowletterwritingtobecomeanother“lostart”．A．Poorhandwritingcanspoil(破坏)yourenjoymentofaletter.B．Wehadbeencorresponding(通信)for29yearsbuthadnevermet.C．Iampleasedthatmychildrenarecarryingonthetradition.D．Itdidn'tmatterhowshortoruntidytheywereaslongastheywereletters.E．Butinsteadofharmingtherelationships，letterwritingseemedtoimprovethem.F．Yet，tome，receivingalettercannotbematchedbyanyotherformofcommunication.G．Thelettersfromhomecontainedjusteverydayeventsconcerningmyparentsandtheirfriends.【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了作者对书信这种沟通方式的青睐和对书信艺术逐渐消失的担忧。1．F　[根据下句“Thereistheexcitementofitsarrival，thepleasureofseeingwhoitisfromand，finally，theenjoymentofthecontents.”可推知，9\n收到信对作者来讲是一件无比愉悦的事情，所以选F项。]2．D　[根据本段第一句“LetterwritinghasbeenpartofmylifeforaslongasIcanremember.”可知，书信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，对她来说，只要是信就好，无论多短或多不整洁，所以选D项。]3．G　[根据上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，这些信都是关于父母的一些生活琐事以及他们的朋友的状况的，所以选G项。]4．E　[根据下句“IfoundthatIcouldoftenexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinwritingthanbytalking.”可推知，此处应描述书信沟通的优势，与上文的“InmyyouthIseemedtoattractpeoplewhohadtoworkorstudyawayatsometimeandwewereonlyabletostayintouchbyletter.”呼应，所以选E项。]5．C　[根据下文的“Mydaughterwritestomelittleletters，justasIdidtomymother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一样继承了写信的传统，所以选C项。]9