2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit4Pygmalion含解析新人教版选修8

Unit4Pygmalion李仕才一、阅读理解。VitaminBcouldhelpreducetheeffectsofthemostdangeroustypeofairpollution,accordingtoanewstudypublishedonMonday.Inthefirststudyofitskind,ateamofinternationalresearcherslookedintothedamagecausedbyoneofthepollutantsthathavetheseverestimpactonhealth—PM2.5.TheyfoundthatVitaminBsupplementcouldeffectivelyreducetheimpactofthetinyparticles(颗粒)onthehumanbody,althoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystages.AccordingtotheWHO,92%oftheworld’speoplearelivinginplaceswherethePM2.5levelgoesbeyondtherecommendedlevel.Soit’surgenttofindasolutiontotheproblem.Accordingtothisstudy,publishedinthePNAS,10volunteerswereinitiallyexposedtocleanairandgivenaplacebo(安慰剂)tochecktheirbaselineresponses.ThegroupthenkeptontakingplacebosforfourweeksbeforebeingexposedtoheavilypollutedairfromdowntownToronto,whereanestimated1,000carspassedeveryhour.Thebadairwasdeliveredtothevolunteersthroughan“oxygentype”facemask.Theexperimentwasthenrepeated,witheachvolunteertakingaVitaminBsupplementdaily,madeupof2.5mgoffolicacid,50mgofVitaminB6,and1mgofVitaminB12.VitaminB6canbefoundinliver,chicken,nutsandotherthings,andVitaminB12infish,meat,eggs,milkandsomecereals.TheresearchersfoundthatfourweeksofVitaminBsupplementsreducedthedamageofPM2.5effectsby28-76%.TheresultsemphasizedhowpreventionatanindividuallevelcouldbeusedtofightagainstthedamageofPM2.5,theresearcherssaid.【文章大意】本文主要通过一些实验告诉我们维生素B对减轻PM2.5对身体的伤害有什么样的功效。1.What’sthenewlydiscoveredeffectofVitaminBinParagraph1?A.Itcanbeusedtoreplaceothervitaminsinourdailylife.B.Itcanhelplowertheairpollutionlevelintheopenair.7\nC.ItcanreducetheimpactofPM2.5onhumanbodies.D.Itcangetridofthepollutantsremaininginourbodies.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段“VitaminBcouldhelpreducetheeffectsofthemostdangeroustypeofairpollution,accordingtoanewstudypublishedonMonday.”,可知维生素B可以减少造成空气污染的危险物质的影响,而后一句又提到了对健康危害最大的危险物质是PM2.5,故选C。2.Whatcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraph?A.FurtherstudyabouttheeffectofVitaminBneedstobedone.B.VitaminBisthemostimportanttohuman’shealth.C.ThetinyparticlesintheairaremadeupofPM2.5.D.92%oftheworld’speopleareaffectedbyPM2.5.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“...althoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystages.”可知关于维生素B的功效的研究还处于初期阶段,所以仍需进一步的研究探索。3.HowdidresearchersdrawthenewconclusionaboutVitaminB?A.Byreferringtoajournal.B.Byperformingexperiments.C.Byinterviewingscientists.D.Bycomparingvitamins.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theexperimentwasthenrepeated,witheachvolunteertakingaVitaminBsupplementdaily,madeupof2.5mgoffolicacid,50mgofVitaminB6,and1mgofVitaminB12.”,中的experiment表明研究者是通过做实验得出新的结论的。4.Youmayreadthepassageonawebsiteabout________.A.environment　　　　　B.medicineC.educationD.health【解析】选D。推理判断题。本文主要通过一系列实验告诉我们维生素B可以减轻PM2.5对我们身体的伤害,主题围绕着健康展开,故选D。二、单句语法填空7\n1．Wehadno________(hesitate)inhelpingthesuffererswhentheterribleearthquakehitthecountry.答案：hesitation　havenohesitationindoing...“毫不犹豫地做……”。2．________(classify)somanybooksinlibrariesusuallytakesthemlotsoftime.答案：Classifying　句子中缺少主语，且指一般性情况，故应填动名词classifying，在句中作主语。3．Generally________(speak),youthsofeighteenaretooyoungforsuchwork.答案：speaking　generallyspeaking“一般来说”。4．Whatyousaidhasledtothe________(mistake)beliefthatsmokingisnotharmful.答案：mistaken　修饰名词belief应用形容词，故填mistaken“错误的”。5．Theschoolmakesitclearthatessaysfromonlineshouldnotbepassedoff________beingwrittenbythestudents.答案：as　pass...offas...“把……看作或冒充成……”。6．________ifweinvitedthemtocomehereforapartyinstead?答案：What　固定句式whatif“倘使/如果……将会怎样？”。7．Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentobehave________(proper)inpublic.答案：properly　此处应用副词来修饰动词behave,故填properly。8．Theymaderude________(remark)aboutherappearance.答案：remarks　makeremarks/aremarkabout...“对……发表评论”。9．Theinformationyougatheredis________greathelptome.答案：of　“of＋抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词，ofgreathelp＝veryhelpful“非常有帮助”。10．________(take)accordingtotheinstructions,themedicinehasnosideeffect.答案：Taken　所给动词与其逻辑主语medicine之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。三、完形填空。IwassurprisedwhenIreceivedashortmessagefrommyfatherwishingmeahappybirthday.Ihad__1__tohearfrommymother,mygrandmotherandmyotherrelatives—__2__neverfrommyfather.Lyinginbed,__3__ofmyfatherfloodedback.7\nWhenIwasalittleboy,Iregardedmyfatherasa(n)__4__abletodoanything.__5__，thingsslowlybeganto__6__.ThemoreIlearned,themoreIdoubtedwhathesaid.Thegapbetweenusgrewand,atlast,Ididn't__7__likecommunicatingwithhim.Myfather,inmymind,hadno__8__intalkingwithme.Dinnerwastheonlytimeweweretogether.HehadnotimetowatchTVwithme.Hewouldtellmetoaskmymother__9__Ineededsomething.Heevenrefusedtoanswermy__10__whenIphonedfromschool.I__11__thechanges.Ithoughtthatperhapsmyfathernolonger__12__me.Overtime,however,Ibegantowonderwhethermy__13__wasright.Oneday,mymothertoldmethateachtimeIcalled,fatherwas__14__listeningbesideher.Suddenly,Ihatedmyselfformy__15__behaviortowardhim.Iplannedthousandsoftimesto__16__myfather.Intheend,however,IwasalwaystooembarrassedaboutwhatIhaddone.ButthatSaturday,Iwasso__17__byhisshortmessage.Irealizedthenthatmyfather'sloveformehadneverdisappeared!Idecidedtosenda__18__：“Thankyou,mydearfather.”Twodayslater,whenIreturnedhome,mymothertoldmethatmyfatherhadbeenso__19__whenhereceivedmyreply.Shesaidhehad__20__frommorningtillnight.Atthatmoment,Ifelttrulyhappy.【文章大意】　作者回忆了自己与父亲关系的变化，体会到了父亲对他的爱从未消失过。1．A.expectedB．intendedC．plannedD．wanted答案与解析：A　根据第一段“IwassurprisedwhenIreceivedashortmessagefrommyfather...”及下文对自己与父亲之间关系的描述可知，作者预想到会收到母亲、外婆和其他亲属的来信，但从未期待过会收到来自父亲的问候。expect意为“期待”，故选A项。intend意为“想要；打算”；plan意为“计划”；want意为“想要”。2．A.andB．soC．butD．or答案与解析：C'根据设空后的“neverfrommyfather”可知，作者从未期待过收到来自父亲的问候，上下文之间为转折关系，故用but连接。3．A.opinionsB．memoriesC．thoughtsD．responses答案与解析：B'根据空后的“floodedback”及下一段中“WhenIwasalittle7\nboy...”可知，关于父亲的记忆(memories)涌入脑海中。故选B项。opinion意为“意见；看法”；thought意为“想法”；response意为“反应；答复”。4．A.angelB．teacherC．heroD．friend答案与解析：C　根据空后的“abletodoanything”可知，作者小时候认为父亲是一个无所不能的英雄(hero)。故选C项。5．A.HoweverB．OtherwiseC．ThereforeD．Besides答案与解析：A　作者小时候认为父亲是英雄，后来学到的东西越多，作者越怀疑父亲说的话，上下文之间为转折关系，故选A项。6．A.improveB．changeC．developD．appear答案与解析：B　句意为：然而，情况慢慢开始发生了变化(change)。故选B项。7．A.stillB．everC．yetD．even答案与解析：D　随着年龄的增长，作者与父亲之间的隔阂越来越深，甚至不喜欢与父亲交流。设空处用even表递进关系，故选D项。8．A.interestB．timeC．chanceD．courage答案与解析：A　根据下文可知，作者的父亲不会和他一起看电视甚至有时候会拒接电话，因此，作者认为父亲没有兴趣(interest)与他聊天。故选A项。9．A.incaseB．ifC．evenifD．after答案与解析：B　如果作者需要什么东西，父亲会让他问母亲。根据语境可知选B项，if引导条件状语从句。10．A.lettersB．emailsC．questionsD．calls答案与解析：D'根据下文“whenIphonedfromschool”可知，作者从学校打来电话，父亲甚至会拒接。故选D项。11．A.gotfondofB．gottiredofC．gotfamiliarwithD．gotaccustomedto答案与解析：D'上文作者回忆了很多事，写出与父亲前后关系的变化，随着时间的推移，作者习惯了(gotaccustomedto)这些变化。根据语境可知选D项。getfondof意为“喜欢上……”；gettiredof意为“对……厌倦”；getfamiliarwith意为“对……熟悉”。7\n12．A.helpedB．supportedC．lovedD．missed答案与解析：C'根据上文可知，作者认为父亲没有兴趣和他聊天，拒接电话，对他漠不关心，因此觉得父亲或许不再爱(loved)他。故选C项。help意为“帮助”；support意为“支持；拥护”；miss意为“想念；错失”。13．A.behaviorB．attitudeC．mannerD．action答案与解析：A'根据本段最后一句“Ihatedmyselfformy________behavior...”可知，本空是原词复现。随着时间的推移，作者开始思考自己的行为(behavior)是否正确。故选A项。attitude意为“态度”；manner意为“举止；方式”；action意为“行动”。14．A.oftenB．alwaysC．seldomD．never答案与解析：B'有一天母亲告诉作者每次他打电话，父亲总是(always)在旁边听着。故选B项。15．A.casualB．rudeC．coldD．cruel答案与解析：C'听了母亲的话，作者开始讨厌自己对父亲冷漠的(cold)行为。故选C项。casual意为“随便的”；rude意为“粗鲁的”；cruel意为“残忍的”。16．A.apologisetoB．writetoC．talkwithD．consultwith答案与解析：A'根据前文可知，作者已经意识到自己的行为有错，故想要找机会道歉，apologiseto意为“向……道歉”，故选A项。consultwith意为“请教；商讨”。17．A.excitedB．confusedC．touchedD．pleased答案与解析：C'根据下文“Irealizedthenthatmyfather'sloveformehadneverdisappeared.”可知，作者意识到父亲对他的爱从未消失过，因此，收到父亲的短信他非常感动(touched)。结合语境及后面的by可知选C项。excited意为“兴奋的”；confused意为“困惑的”；pleased意为“高兴的”。18．A.letterB．cardC．giftD．reply答案与解析：D'根据上文可知，作者收到了父亲的短信，根据下文“Thankyou，mydearfather.”可知，作者回复了短信。故选D项。根据第'19'空后的whenhereceivedmyreply也可得出答案。19．A.upsetB．happy7\nC．sadD．nervous答案与解析：B'根据下文“...frommorningtillnight.”可知，父亲收到作者的回复后，非常开心(happy)。根据语境可知选B项。20.A．waitedB．signedC．hesitatedD．smiled答案与解析：D'根据前文可知，父亲收到作者的回复很开心，所以从早上笑(smiled)到晚上。故选D项。四、单句改错。1．Themistakesinyourhomeworkshouldn'tbeoverlooking,oryou'llkeepthemforever.____________________________________________________答案：overlooking→overlooked　overlook与mistakes之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。2．Intermofeducation,Ifirstthankallmyteacherswhohavedevotedthemselvestotheirprofession._____________________________________________________答案：term→terms　intermsof“就……来说；从……角度”。3．Fortunate,thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted._____________________________________________________答案：Fortunate→Fortunately　副词作状语修饰整个句子，故应将fortunate改为fortunately。4．TheSeptember11attackhascondemnedbytheentireinternationalcommunity._____________________________________________________答案：has后加been　现在完成时的被动语态的构成：havebeen＋过去分词。9.11恐怖袭击应是“被谴责”，故应在has后加been。5．Whentheinterviewwasfinished,Iwasshownin._____________________________________________________答案：in→out　showsb.in“带某人进来”；showsb.out“带某人出去”。由句意可知后一短语符合语境。7