2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit4Globalwarming含解析新人教版选修6

Globalwarming李仕才一、阅读理解。Robotsindustryisdevelopingsorapidlythatthereisnodenyingthatwemayonedayfindourselvessurroundedbyrobots.Thehumanoid(humanlike)robotswithtwolegssuchasHondaMotorCo.Ltd’sASIMOwouldlikelyhaveaneasiertimeclimbingupstairsinsidehomesthanarobotthatmovesonwheels,developerssay.Butitwillbesometimebeforesuchdevicesmaketheirwayintopeople’shomes.“Theymaylooksmart,buttheyarestillquitestupid,”Shimoyamasaid.“Idon’tthinktheywilleverbeassmartashumans.”Whilesafetyisanobviousconcern,robotsalsoneedtobesensitivetopeople’sneeds.ResearchersatFujitsuFrontechLtdandFujitsuLaboratoriesresponsiblefordeveloping“Enon”,aguideandpatrol(巡逻)robotdesignedforuseinshoppingmallsandcorporatefacilities(公共场所),areworkingonthis.Enon,whichhasahumanoidupperbodybutnolegs,isequippedwithatouchscreenonitschestandspaceinitsstomachtocarryloadsweightingupto10kg.Inguidemode,itwillcheckanewcomerandapproachthepersonwithanodandagreeting:“Areyouavisitor?Hello.”Visitorsrequiringdirectionscanpointtoicons(图标)displayedonEnon’schestscreen.Iftherestroomiconispressed,thescreenwilldisplayamapthatshowstheway.Therobotwillthenfaceandpointinthedirectionoftherestroom,althoughitwon’tactuallywalkthevisitorthere.EnonisnowinuseatfourlocationsinJapan,includingashoppingmallnearTokyo.Themaingoalistomakeitmorehelpfulfortheelderly.“Peoplewhoworkinthetransportationsectoroftenaskwhetherwecanbuildarobotthatwillfindelderlypeoplewholooklostintrainstations,andaskthemiftheyareallright,”saidToshihidoMarita,directorofFujitsuLaboratories8\nLtd’sautonomoussystemlaboratory.“Actuallythatishardtodo,veryhard,”hesaid.【文章大意】机器人产业发展得如此迅速,在本文中作者介绍了名叫“Enon”的机器人,它被广泛应用在商场、医院等公众场所。1.Whatcanweknowaboutrobotsaccordingtothetext?A.Theywillreplacehumanoneday.B.Theyaredifficulttocontrol.C.Theycandowhateverhumansdo.D.Theywillbewidelyusedinourlife.【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章首段提出“Robotsindustryisdevelopingsorapidlythatthereisnodenyingthatwemayonedayfindourselvessurroundedbyrobots.”然后在下文详细介绍了几种机器人,由此判断选D。2.WhatdoesShimoyamathinkofrobots?A.Safe.　　B.Friendly.　　C.Stupid.　　D.Kind-hearted.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theymaylooksmart,buttheyarestillquitestupid,”可知他认为机器人很愚笨,故选C。3.Whatispeople’sconcernaboutrobots?A.Safety.　B.Appearance.　C.Weight.　　D.Size.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段中“Whilesafetyisanobviousconcern,robotsalsoneedtobesensitivetopeople’sneeds.”可以判断安全是人们关注的一个问题,故选A。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Thedisadvantagesofrobots.B.Thedevelopmentanduseofrobots.C.Thebenefitsthatrobotsbring.D.Thehistoryofrobots.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了机器人的迅速发展,然后介绍了几种用来帮助人们的机器人,由此判断文章主要介绍机器人的发展和使用,故选B。8\n二、单句语法填空1．Fatherisstronglyopposedto________(go)shoppingonSundaybecausethestreetsandsupermarketsarefullofpeople.答案：going　beopposedto...“反对……”，其中to为介词，其后应接名词、动名词作宾语。2．Thepricesofthiskindofwineranged________tenyuan________100yuanperbottle.答案：from;to　rangefrom...to...“在某范围内变化”。3．Thoughheislessthanoneyearold,heisstrongenoughtowalk________(steady)．答案：steadily　副词作状语，在句中修饰动词walk。4．Doyouknowhowtheaccidentcame________?答案：about　comeabout“发生”。5．WithSpringFestivalapproaching,pricesoffruitandvegetables________(go)up.答案：havegone　goup“上升；增长；升起”。6．Quantitiesofmoney________(spend)inbringingupthechildrensincetheyweremarried.答案：havebeenspent　“aquantityof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致；而“quantitiesof＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。且由since可知应用现在完成时，再根据money与spend之间的被动关系，故填havebeenspent。7．Howmanytimesdoyoudineoutperweek________average?答案：on　onaverage“平均起来；平均来说”。句意：你平均每周在外用餐多少次？8．Underthese________(circumstance),whatmattersmostisnotonlyourpersistencebutalsoourattitude.答案：circumstances　underthesecircumstances“在这些情况下”。9．Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorhasa________(tend)tobecomewiderandwider.答案：tendency　由设空前的a可知，应填名词形式，tendency“趋势；倾向”。10．Theheavysnowcaneasilyresult________manyaccidentsinwinter.答案：in　resultin“导致”。三、完形填空。WhenIwasyoung,likeyou,Ihadadream.Butmydreamwasn'tlikethatof8\nan__1__kid.Itwastobethebesttennisplayer__2__simplythebest“female”oneintheworld.__3__，Ihadafamilyencouragingmetofollowmydream.Ilearnedhowimportantitisto__4__adreamandtodreambig.MyfightbeganwhenIwasthreeandIhaven'ttakena__5__since.Buttoooften,mostwomenarenotsupportedorare__6__fromchoosingtheirpath.Ihopeitcouldbechanged.Forme,itwasa__7__ofresilience(坚忍).Whatothersmarkedas__8__aboutme—myrace,mygender—Iacceptedasfuelformysuccess.Ineverletanythingoranyone__9__me.Icontrolledmyfuture.Whenitcomestoequalpay,itfrustratesme__10__Iknowfirsthandthatgenderdifferencesexist.Iwould__11__wantmydaughtertobepaidlessthanmysonforthesamework.Womenhaveto__12__manybarrierstosuccess.Oneisthatweareconstantly__13__wearenotmen.Peoplecallmeoneofthe“world'sgreatestfemaleathletes”.Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes?Weshouldneverletthisgo__14__.Weshouldbejudgedbyourachievementsbutnot__15__.ForeverythingIhaveachieved,Iam__16__tohaveexperiencedthehighsandlowsthatcome__17__success.Ihopemystorywillbea(n)__18__forwomentofightfortheirdreams.Wemust__19__todreambig,andindoingso,weenablethenextgenerationofwomentobe__20__intheirpursuit.【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者以自己的事为例呼吁全体女性勇敢追求成功，为争取性别平等而不懈努力。1．A.ambitiousB．excellentC．averageD．energetic答案与解析：C　根据第一段第三句“Itwastobethebesttennisplayer”以及倒数第二段“Peoplecallme...Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmaleathletes？”可知，此处指作者说自己小时候的理想与普通孩子的是不同的，故选average“普通的，一般的”。ambitious“有野心的，有雄心的”；excellent“优秀的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。2．A.insteadofB．regardlessofC．otherthanD．morethan答案与解析：A　结合本文主旨以及倒数第二段中的“Peoplecallmeoneofthe‘world'sgreatestfemaleathletes’.Whydon'ttheysayLeBronisoneoftheworld'sbestmale8\nathletes？”可知，作者希望男女平等，所以作者在此强调的是自己的理想是做世界上最好的网球运动员，而不是最好的女网球运动员。insteadof“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顾”；otherthan“除了”；morethan“多于，超出”。3．A.HopefullyB．FortunatelyC．ObviouslyD．Generally答案与解析：B'幸运的是(Fortunately)，作者有鼓励她追寻自己的梦想的家人。此处亦与第三段中的“Buttoooften，mostwomenarenotsupported...”形成对比。hopefully“有希望地”；obviously“明显地”；generally“普遍地”。4．A.makeupB．setupC．careforD．pushfor答案与解析：D'根据下文中的“Myfightbeganwhen...”“fightfortheirdreams”可知，这里指作者知道了为梦想而努力是多么重要。pushfor“为……而努力，力争”。makeup“编造，构成”；setup“设立，建立”；carefor“照顾”。5．A.riskB．leaveC．breakD．chance答案与解析：C'作者从三岁时就开始为理想奋斗，自此一直从未间断。break“暂停，中断”，符合语境。6．A.defendedB．excusedC．discouragedD．dismissed答案与解析：C'但是通常，大多数女性不被支持，或者被阻止去选择自己的道路。discourage“阻止，阻挠”，符合语境。defend“保卫，保护”；excuse“同意免除”；dismiss“去除，摒除”。7．A.thoughtB．questionC．momentD．bonus答案与解析：B'作者希望这种境况可以改变，在作者看来，这是有关“坚忍”的问题(question)。thought“想法”；moment“时刻”；bonus“意外收获，奖金”。8．A.disadvantagesB．concernsC．qualificationsD．personalities答案与解析：A'根据下文中的“myrace,mygender”“Iacceptedasfuelformysuccess”可知，此处指被别人列为作者的劣势(disadvantages)的东西，比如她的种族，她的性别，作者将它们视为追求成功的动力。concern“担忧”；qualification“资格”；personality“个性”。9．A.ignoreB．attackC．comfortD．limit答案与解析：D'根据下文中的“Icontrolledmy8\nfuture.”可知，作者从不让任何事或任何人来限制自己，而是自己主宰自己的未来。limit“限制”，符合语境。10．A.althoughB．becauseC．unlessD．if答案与解析：B'当谈起同工同酬问题时，作者感到懊恼，因为她自己亲身体验到性别差异的存在。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是因果关系，且前面是果，后面是因。故用because。11．A.everB．evenC．neverD．just答案与解析：C'根据语境可知，作者永远不希望看到干了同样的工作，女儿得到的报酬却比儿子的少。never“从不，绝不”。12．A.breakdownB．takeafterC．layasideD．putaway答案与解析：A'为了获取成功，女性不得不打破许多障碍。breakdown“打破，消除”，符合语境。takeafter“追赶，跟踪”；layaside“留存备用，把……放在一边”；putaway“猛吃，积蓄，把……收起来”。13．A.informedB．remindedC．assuredD．criticized答案与解析：B'其中一个障碍就是总有人提醒我们不是男性。remind“提醒，使想起”，符合语境。inform“通知，告知”；assure“使确信”；criticize“批判”。14．A.unchallengedB．unpunishedC．uncompletedD．uncontrolled答案与解析：A'根据语境可知，作者在此想表达的是女性不能对此置之不理，而要敢于质疑。unchallenged“不被怀疑的，完全接受的，没有异议的”，符合语境。unpunished“未受惩罚的”；uncompleted“未完成的”；uncontrolled“未受控制的，不加约束的”。15．A.appearanceB．positionC．backgroundD．gender答案与解析：D'对我们的评价应该依据我们的成就而不是我们的性别。gender“性别”，符合语境。appearance“外貌”；position“职位”；background“出身背景，学历”。16．A.superiorB．gratefulC．indifferentD．preferable答案与解析：B'作者从心底里感谢已经经历过的伴随成功而来的起起伏伏。grateful“感激的，表示感谢的”，符合语境。superior“更好的，占优势”；indifferent“不感兴趣，漠不关心”；preferable“更可取的，更合适的”。17．A.withB．throughC．fromD．beyond8\n答案与解析：A'参见上题解析。with“和，随着”，符合语境。18．A.intentionB．inspirationC．solutionD．expectation答案与解析：B'作者希望她的故事可以激励女性为她们的梦想而奋斗。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)”，符合语境。intention“意图”；solution“解决方法”；expectation“期待”。19．A.pauseB．agreeC．promiseD．continue答案与解析：D'女性必须继续心怀远大的理想，这样做的话，我们就给予下一代女性力量，给予她们追求成功的勇气。下文中的“thenextgeneration”是暗示。continue“继续”，符合语境。20．A.expertB．enthusiasticC．braveD．learned答案与解析：C'参见上题解析。expert“内行的，经验丰富的”；enthusiastic“热情的”；brave“勇敢的”；learned“有学问的，博学的”。四、单句改错1．Thedoctortreatedaverageof20patientsperday.______________________________________________________答案：average前加an　anaverageof...“平均有……”。2．Italwaystakemetwohourstofinishmyhomework.______________________________________________________答案：take→takes　Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.“某人花费……时间做某事”，本句描述一般事实。3．Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,resultedinanincreaseinproduction.______________________________________________________答案：resulted→resulting　句中已有谓语动词wereintroduced且两句间无连词，故此处应用result的现在分词形式作结果状语。4．Inthecitycenter,wehavetoputupnoise.______________________________________________________答案：up后加with　putupwith“忍受”。5．Asaresultthepilots'strike,alltheflightshadtobecancelled.______________________________________________________8\n答案：result后加of　asaresultof...“由于……”，后接名词或名词短语。8