2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit5Meetingyourancestors含解析新人教版选修8

Unit5Meetingyourancestors李仕才一、阅读理解。Fouryearsago，weaskedourselves：Whatifwecouldcreateashoppingexperiencewithnowaitinginlineandnocheckout?Orcouldwecreateaphysicalstorewherecustomerscouldsimplytakewhattheywantandgo?OuranswertothosequestionsisAmazonGo，whereyoucouldexperiencetheideaof“justwalkoutshopping”．AmazonGoisanewkindofstorewithnocheckoutrequired.Wecreatedtheworld'smostadvancedshoppingtechnology，soyouneverhavetowaitinline.Withour“justwalkoutshopping”experience，simplyusetheAmazonGoapptoenterthestore，taketheproductsyouwant，andgo！Nolines，nocheckout.Ourcheckoutfreeshoppingexperienceismadepossiblebythesametypesoftechnologiesusedinselfdrivingcars：computervision，sensorfusion，anddeeplearning.Our“justwalkouttechnology”automaticallydetectswhenproductsaretakenfromorreturnedtotheshelvesandkeepstrackoftheminyourvirtualcart.Whenyou'redoneshopping，youcanjustleavethestore.Shortlyafter，we'llchargeyourAmazonaccountandsendyouareceipt.Weofferdeliciousreadytoeatbreakfast，lunch，dinner，andsnackoptionsmadefresheverydaybyouronsitechefsandfavoritelocalkitchensandbakeries.Ourselectionoffoodstuffrangesfrombreadandmilktocheesesandlocallymadechocolates.You'llfindwellknownbrandswelove，plusspecialfindswe'reexcitedtointroducetocustomers.Foraquickhomecookeddinner，pickuponeofourchefdesignedAmazonMealKits，andyoucanmakeamealfortwoinabout30minutes.Ourroughly1,800squarefootshoppingspaceisconvenientlycompact(紧凑的)，sobusycustomerscangetinandoutfast.Itislocatedat2131,7thAve，Seattle，WA，onthecornerof7thAvenueandBlanchardStreet.AllyouneedisanAmazonaccount，asupportedsmartphone，andthefreeAmazonGoapp.AmazonGoiscurrentlyonlyopentoAmazonemployeesinourtestingprogram，andwillbeopentothepublicsoon.1．Fromthepassage，wecanlearnthatAmazonGo________.A．isacheckoutfreestore9\nB．sellsallkindsofgoodsC．isopentothepublicD．usesunknowntechnologies2．WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph3?A．WhenAmazonGocharges.B．HowAmazonGoworks.C．WhereAmazonGolies.D．WhatAmazonGosells.3．CustomerspayfortheproductsfromAmazonGoby________.A．payingcashatthecounterB．walkingoutofthestoreC．usingtheirAmazonaccountsD．scanningsmartphoneswhenleaving4．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．encouragepeopletoshoponlineB．advisepeopletoworkforAmazonC．informpeopleofanewconceptstoreD．tellpeopleoftheshoppingexperience【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了有关AmazonGo便利店的一些信息。【难句分析】Orcouldwecreateaphysicalstorewherecustomerscouldsimplytakewhattheywantandgo?分析：该句为主从复合句。句中wherecustomerscouldsimplytakewhattheywantandgo为where引导的地点状语从句，修饰先行词store；其中take后接what引导的宾语从句whattheywantandgo。译文：或者我们能不能创建一家实体店，在那里顾客只要拿走他们想要的东西然后离开？1．A　考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“AmazonGoisanewkindofstorewithnocheckoutrequired”可知，AmazonGo便利店无需在收银台结账，故A项正确。B项文中没有提及；根据文章最后一句“AmazonGoiscurrentlyonlyopentoAmazonemployeesinourtestingprogram，andwillbeopentothepublicsoon”可知，AmazonGo目前仅处于试营业阶段，仅对亚马逊员工开放，故C项错误；根据第三段第一句“Ourcheckoutfreeshoppingexperienceismadepossiblebythesametypesoftechnologiesusedinselfdrivingcars：computervision，sensorfusion，anddeeplearning”可知，AmazonGo使用的技术类似于无人驾驶汽车的技术，故D项错误。29\n．B　考查段落大意。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了无人收银的技术原理，即类似于无人驾驶汽车的技术；还介绍了顾客付款的技术原理。据此可知，该段主要介绍AmazonGo便利店的运作原理，故B项正确。3．C　考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“Shortlyafter，we'llchargeyourAmazonaccountandsendyouareceipt”可知，在顾客离开后，AmazonGo会通过亚马逊账户收取顾客的费用，故C项正确。4．C　考查写作意图。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新形式的零售便利店AmazonGo，介绍了该便利店的运作过程、技术原理、地理位置、即食食品服务等。故C项正确。二、单句语法填空。1．They________(interrupt)byasuddenandurgentknockatthedoor.答案：wereinterrupted　表示过去发生的动作，且主语they与interrupt之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，填wereinterrupted。2．Wehavenoalternativebut________(sell)ourhousetopaythedebt.答案：tosell　havenoalternativebuttodo...“除……之外别无选择，只能做……”。3．Itisgenerally________(assume)thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.答案：assumed　Itisassumedthat...“普遍认为……”。4．Weshouldbearinmindthatteamworkisofgreat________(significant)tobothoursocietyandourselves.答案：significance　ofgreatsignificance＝verysignificant“意义重大/非常重要”。5．Once________(arrest),hewaslikelytobetrayeverythingtothepolice.答案：arrested　arrest与其逻辑主语he之间为被动关系，故用过去分词在句中作状语。6．IfonlyI________(look)aheadafewdaysago!ThenIwouldn'thavebeenfeelingsoworriednow.答案：hadlooked　由语境和句子结构可判断ifonly后应用虚拟语气；由时间状语afewdaysago可知表示与过去事实相反，故应填hadlooked。lookahead“向前看；为将来打算”。7．Thisisahistoricbuilding________(date)backtothe17thcentury.答案：dating　datebackto＝datefrom表示“追溯到……”，无进行时，无被动语态，句中已有谓语动词is，且building和datebackto存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故应填现在分词dating作后置定语。8．Iamfedup________thisweather;it'stimewehadsome9\nsunshine.答案：with　befedupwith“受够了；厌烦……”。9．Sometimeswewentaheadanddidit,regardless________theconsequences.答案：of　regardlessof“不管；不顾”。10．Whileworkingouttheproblem,youshouldpaymoreattentiontothe________(accurate)．答案：accuracy　由空格前的冠词the可知，此处填名词形式。三、完形填空。“God，giveusthankfulheartsfortheseandforallourmanyblessings.”Thatwasthe____1.C____myfather，anEastTexasfarmer，saidovereverymeal.Papassedawaylongago，butItryto____2.A____hisexampleeveryday.TheyearwespentThanksgivingatourhomeonLakeTawakoniwassucha____3.D____.Iwaspreparingadinnerpartyfortheday.Iopenedtheoven，putinourhuge____4.B____andtriedtoturnontheoldoven.Ittookjustafewminutesformeto____5.A____thattheheatinghadfailed.Ionlyhadafewhours____6.B____familymembersandspecialfriendsweregoingtoarrivewithsidedishes，soIcalledmyneighborLoisandexplainedmyproblem.Loisjust____7.A____andsaid：“Honey，youbringthatturkeytomyhouse.We'llhaveitcookedinnotime.”Withasighof____8.C____，Iputtheroastingpanintothecarand____9.D____acrosstheroad.LoisbabysatthebigbirdwhileIreturnedtothelakehouseand____10.C____afestivetable.Whiletheturkeywascookedinheroven,Igavespecial____11.D____tothekindneighbor.Myfamilyandfriendsarrived.We____12.A____beforeourmeal，stoodina____13.B____andprayed.Somepeoplementionedthingsforwhichtheywere____14.C____thankfulandothersstoodin____15.C____silence.Thetissueboxmadeitswayaroundthecircleassomeofusbeganto____16.A____—asignofjoyratherthansorrow.Whenthelastofthefoodwas____17.D____offthetable,Itookadeepbreath.AThanksgivingprayeriseasyformewhenthingsaregoingwell，butsometimesit____18.B____extracouragetogivethankswhenIamsadorwhensomethingunforeseen____19.B____myplans—evenabrokenoven.ThenIstoppedto____20.D____PaandthemanytimesIheardhim9\nsay，“God，giveusthankfulheartsfortheseandforallourmanyblessings.”Iwantthattobemyprayer，too.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。通过“我”的父亲每天在饭前向上帝祈祷这件事，“我”明白了父亲祈祷的真意：事情顺利时，表达感谢是很容易的；但是当悲伤或计划被破坏时，表达感谢需要勇气。[段意梳理]第一段：介绍“我”的父亲每天吃饭前要祷告的内容。第二段：“我”在为庆祝感恩节作准备时发现烤箱坏了，无法烤火鸡。第三段：Lois告诉“我”她可以立即帮“我”烤火鸡。第四段：“我”顺利地招待了家人和朋友，向邻居Lois表达了特别的感谢。第五段：事情顺利时，表达感谢是很容易的；但是当悲伤或计划被破坏时，表达感谢需要勇气。第六段：“我”回想起了父亲的祷告，决定像他那样每天祈祷。核心词汇babysitv．代人临时照看小孩festiveadj.节日的，欢乐的，喜庆的❶　A．complaintB．wishC．prayerD．dream解析：根据上文中的“God，giveusthankfulheartsfortheseandforallourmanyblessings”可知，这是父亲向上帝祷告的话。C项意为“祷告”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“抱怨”；B项意为“心愿”；D项意为“梦想”，都与语境不符。❷　A．followB．copyC．setD．contain解析：根据该句中的“hisexampleeveryday”，并结合第一段中父亲向上帝祷告的描述可知，“我”也以他为榜样每天祷告。A项意为“跟随，以……为榜样”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“复制”；C项意为“设置”；D项意为“包含”，都与语境不符。❸　A．dinnerB．partyC．processD．time解析：根据下文内容可知，这里指“今年过的感恩节就是这样的(祷告)时间(time)”，故D项正确。A项意为“晚餐”；B项意为“聚会”；C项意为“过程”，都与语境不符。❹　A．mealB．turkeyC．roastD．beef9\n解析：根据空前的“Thanksgiving”和下文第三段中的“turkey”并结合常识可知，在感恩节那天，“我”将火鸡放进烤箱。B项意为“火鸡”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“饭”；C项意为“烤肉”；D项意为“牛肉”，都与语境不符。❺　A．realizeB．predictC．admitD．assume解析：根据语境可知，“我”在数分钟之内意识到(realize)烤箱的加热系统坏了。A项意为“意识到”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“预测”；C项意为“承认”；D项意为“假设”，都与语境不符。❻　A．untilB．beforeC．sinceD．after解析：根据语境可知，在家人和特别要好的朋友到来之前，“我”只有几个小时的时间。B项意为“在……之前”，符合语境，故B项正确。❼　A．laughedB．yelledC．screamedD．nodded解析：根据Lois所说的话可知，Lois认为她可以立刻烤好；据此可以判断，她是笑着对“我”说的。A项意为“笑”，符合语境，故C项正确。B项意为“叫喊”；C项意为“惊奇”，D项意为“怀疑”，都与语境不符。❽　A．beliefB．surpriseC．reliefD．doubt解析：根据Lois所说的“We'llhaveitcookedinnotime”可知，“我”感到宽慰，松了一口气。C项意为“宽慰”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“信念”；B项意为“惊奇”，D项意为“怀疑”，都与语境不符。❾　A．walkedB．movedC．touredD．drove解析：根据语境可知，“我”将烤盘放进汽车，驾车(drove)穿过公路，故D项正确。A项意为“行走”；B项意为“移动”；C项意为“旅游”，都与语境不符。　A．paintedB．boughtC．preparedD．borrowed解析：根据语境可知，在Lois照看火鸡时，“我”返回去准备节日的饭桌。C项意为“准备”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“绘，画”；B项意为“购买”；D项意为“借用”，都与语境不符。　A．tasksB．dishesC．prizesD．thanks解析：根据语境可知，邻居帮“我”烤了火鸡，“我”向她表示感谢(thanks)，故D项正确。A项意为“任务”；B项意为“菜肴”；C项意为“奖赏，奖金”，都与语境不符。9\n　A．pausedB．discussedC．hesitatedD．quarreled解析：根据该句中的“stoodina____13____andprayed”可知，我们在饭前停了一会儿，围成一圈开始祷告。A项意为“暂停”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“讨论”；C项意为“犹豫”；D项意为“争吵”，都与语境不符。　A．lineB．circleC．rowD．room解析：根据该段最后一句中的“circle”可知，我们在饭前停了一会儿，围成一圈开始祷告。　A．hardlyB．seriouslyC．particularlyD．casually解析：根据语境可知，有些人提到了他们要特别感谢的事情。C项意为“尤其，特别”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“几乎不”；B项意为“严重地”；D项意为“随意地”，都与语境不符。　A．joyfulB．carefulC．respectfulD．sorrowful解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，有些人提到了他们要特别感谢的事情，其他人则尊敬地保持沉默。C项意为“尊敬的”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“欢乐的”；B项意为“细心的”；D项意为“悲伤的”，都与语境不符。　A．cryB．smileC．cheerD．sing解析：根据语境可知，有些人开始哭泣，这是一种快乐的标志，而不是悲伤的标志。A项意为“哭泣”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“微笑”；C项意为“欢呼”；D项意为“歌唱”，都与语境不符。　A．knockedB．droppedC．kickedD．swept解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“当桌子上最后的食物被扫除一空时”，sweepoff为固定搭配，意为“扫去”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“撞，击”；B项意为“落下”；C项意为“踢”，都与语境不符。　A．needsB．takesC．wantsD．loses9\n解析：根据语境可知，有时表达感谢需要勇气，尤其是在悲伤时。B项意为“花费”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“需要”；C项意为“想要”；D项意为“失去”，都与语境不符。　A．monitorsB．ruinsC．adjuststoD．keepsto解析：根据语境可知，在悲伤或是未曾料想到的事情破坏(ruins)了计划时，表达感谢需要勇气。B项意为“毁坏”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“监视”；C项意为“调节”；D项意为“保持”，都与语境不符。　A．callupB．turntoC．bringbackD．reflecton解析：根据语境可知，“我”回忆起了父亲和他的祷告。D项意为“认真思考，沉思”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“给……打电话”；B项意为“求助于”；C项意为“带回来”，都与语境不符。四、单句改错。1．Assumedthattheweatherisfavorable,farmerswillhaveagoodharvest._________________________________________________答案：Assumed→Assuming　Assumingthat...“假定/假设……”，常位于句首作状语。2．Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butanyhowhefellbehind.__________________________________________________答案：anyhow→somehow　somehow“不知怎么地；以某种方式”。anyhow＝anyway“尽管如此”。3．I'mverysorrytointerruptwithyou,butIhavesomethingimportanttotellyou._________________________________________________答案：去掉with　interrupt为及物动词，interruptsb./sth.“打断某人/某事”。4．Wehadbeenwaitingforyouforanhour;wedon'twanttowaitanylonger.__________________________________________________答案：had→have　由语境可知，“等待”这个动作应是持续到现在，故应用现在完成进行时。5．Whichismentionedabove,theyhavesucceededinsolvingmanyproblemswith9\nthenewtheory.___________________________________________________答案：Which→As　该句中从句为as引导的非限制性定语从句。which引导的非限制性定语从句不能置于句首。Asismentionedabove“正如上面所提到的那样”。9