2022版高考英语一轮基础习选题Unit3Inventorsandinventions含解析新人教版选修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions李仕才一、阅读理解。Beesplayavitalroleintheworld.Unfortunately，beesaredyingbythesecond.Themainpurposeofbeesistomakehoney.Honey,shockingly，doesnotexistforhumanconsumption；itisessentialtotheinsects.Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives(蜂箱)inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod.Theycollectpollen(花粉)whichsuppliesproteinforyoungbeestogrow.AccordingtoNationalHoneyBoard，theincreasedproductionandqualityofagriculturalcropsasaresultofhoneybeepollinationarevaluedatmorethan$14.6billionperyear.Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee,beans，andbroccoli.Soiftheyaresovaluabletoagriculture，whydotheykeepdyingoff？Akeysuspectseemstobepesticides(农药)．Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticidesresultinthedamagetotheirneurological(神经系统的)functions,specificallymemoryorbehavior.Andthat'swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappearandleavebehindaqueen，plentyoffoodandafewnursebeestocarefortheremainingimmaturebeesandthequeen.Thereareseveralothercausesofthedeclineofbees，includingthedestructionofnaturalhabitats，likewoodlands，forests，andotherhabitatsforbees.Climatechangeisalsoafactorinthedeclineofthewildbeepopulation.Actually，thereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendlyplants.Pesticidesareusedinbothindustrialpracticesandeveninyourhome，soitisbesttofindorganicseedsandweedkillers.1．Whydohoneybeesstorehoneyintheirhives?A．Toprovideenoughhoneyforhumanstoconsume.B．Todrawproteinoutofhoneyforyoungbees.C．Tohelpattractotherinsectsandmakehivesstronger.D．Tostrengthenbeemusclesandheathivesinwinter.2．Applesandbeansarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshowthat________.A．beessupplyhumanbeingswithbasicfood9\nB．beesmainlyliveontheseagriculturalcropsC．beesareofgreatimportancetofruitsandvegetablesD．beescanbringinmoremoneyforfarmerseveryyear3．Whatismostlikelytocausetheworkerbeestoleavetheirhivesbehind?A．Thelackoffood.B．Theabuseofpesticides.C．Thefightingamongbees.D．Thedestructionofthehabitats.4．Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Anotherwaytosavebees.B．Othertipsforchoosingseeds.C．Moremethodstoplantgreenorganicfruits.D．Causesofthedeclineinthewildbeepopulation.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用，但是由于农药的滥用，蜜蜂正在大批死亡。本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议。【难句分析】Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee，beans,andbroccoli.分析：本句为主从复合句，句中weeattoday为省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词thefruitsandvegetables。译文：这些昆虫对我们如今所食用的超过70种的水果和蔬菜负责，包括苹果、葡萄、咖啡、豆类和西兰花。1．D　考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives(蜂箱)inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod”可知，蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量，在冬天为蜂箱加热，故D项正确。2．C　考查细节理解。根据第三段的“Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattoday，includingapples，grapes，coffee，beans，andbroccoli”可知，该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用，故C项正确。3．B　考查细节理解。根据第四段的“Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticides...Andthat'swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappear”可知，农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱，故B项正确。4．A　考查推理判断。根据第五段的第一、二句“Actually，thereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendly9\nplants”可知，该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一：种植对蜜蜂无害的植物。据此可以推断，下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法，故A项正确。二、单句语法填空1．Somepeoplesaythatclassicalmusic________(associate)onlywitholdpeople.答案：isassociated　beassociatedwith...“与……有关”。2．Thoughwearelivingabetterlife,Ican'tbear________(see)foodthrownaway.答案：seeing　can'tbeardoing...“不能忍受做某事”。3．Whatwasitthatdistinguishedher________herclassmates?答案：from　distinguish...from...“把……与……区分/辨别开”。4．Wemustalwaysbearinmind________Chinaisabigcountrywithahugepopulation.答案：that　bearinmindthat...“记住……”。5．Theserviceoffersyoungpeople________(practice)adviceonfindingajob.答案：practical　此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词advice。practical“实用的；实际的；实践的”。6．Weallhavean________(expect)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.答案：expectation　由空前的冠词可知应填名词。7．Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyand________(seize)opportunitiescanonesucceed.答案：seizing　该句为“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装的句式。face与seize为and连接的两个并列成分，且均作by的宾语，故由facing可知应填seizing。8．Itwasnotuntilshegothome________Jenniferrealizedshehadlostherkeys.答案：that　该句为含有notuntil的强调句。由该句型“Itis/was＋notuntil...＋that＋其他”可知，应填that。9．She________(tap)meontheshoulderbutIdidn'tfeelit.答案：tapped　由but连接并列成分可知，设空处动词在句中作谓语；且后面并列句的谓语为didn't...，所以空格处也应用一般过去时，应填tapped。10．Pricesofdailygoods________(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.9\n答案：bought　过去分词短语在句中作后置定语修饰goods。三、完形填空。Notmanypeoplecansaythey'vebeenhitbyavehicle,butIcan.Irodemybiketomydaily.__1__practiceinagymlastsummer.Icrossedthestreetasthelight__2__;however,ayoungwoman__3__mewithherfancyracingcar.LikeJamesBondinavery__4__situation,Irolledacrossthehood(引擎盖)ontotheothersideofthecar.Youmaywonder__5__awomandrivercouldbesocareless.Thetruthisthatthewomanwasonherphonewhiledriving,soher__6__wasclearlydrawnawayfromdriving,whichcausedtheaccident.Afterassessingmy__7__andbelievingthatallmyboneswereundamagedinanyway,I__8__andtalkedtothewomandriver.Icouldtellshewasobviouslyquite__9__.SowasI.Afterassuringherofmywellbeing,we__10__ways.__11__mysurprisinglyshabbybicycle,Iwentonmyway.Irodeintothe__12__20minuteslate.Uponmyarrival,mytenniscoachandfriendsaskedmewhyIwaslate.Nervously,I__13__thecaraccident.Everyoneseemedtobefarmore__14__thanIwas.Infact,I__15__joked,sayingthatnowIknowhowthesquirrelsfeelafteraniceescape.Afterthis__16__，Irealizetheimportanceofbikelanesandwatchingoutforpedestrians.NowasIdrive,Ialways__17__forpeopleonbikessothattheydonot__18__thesamefate(命运)thatIdid.__19__，forallthebikersandrunnersoutthere,watchoutforcars,asonesmallmistakecould__20__anunforgivablemistake.【文章大意】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”在骑车去体育馆参加网球训练的途中，被一辆跑车撞到，幸运的是“我”的骨头没有受伤。通过这起事故，“我”意识到了自行车车道和注意行人的重要性。1．A.footballB．tennisC．volleyballD．badminton答案与解析：B　根据第三段第三句中的“mytenniscoach”可以判断，“我”骑自行车到体育馆参加网球训练，故B项正确。2．A.permittedB．brokeC．appearedD．exploded答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“Icrossedthestreet”可知，“我”穿过了街道；根据常识可以判断，此举是在信号灯的允许(permitted)下进行的，故A项符合语境。9\n3．A.passedB．greetedC．hitD．met答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“ayoungwoman__3__mewithherfancyracingcar”，并结合第一段第一句中的“beenhitbyavehicle”可知，一位年轻的女士开着跑车撞到了“我”。C项意为“撞击，击中”，符合语境。4．A.romanticB．humorousC．awkwardD．dangerous答案与解析：D　根据该句“LikeJamesBondinavery__4__situation,Irolledacrossthehood(引擎盖)ontotheothersideofthecar.”可知，就像詹姆斯·邦德在非常危险的(dangerous)情况下那样，“我”从引擎盖上滚到了车的另一边。5．A.howB．ifC．whenD．where答案与解析：A　分析该句结构可知，空处在宾语从句中作状语；结合该句“Youmaywonder__5__awomandrivercouldbesocareless.”及语境可知，你可能想知道，一个女司机怎么会如此粗心？how表示“怎么，如何”，故选A。6．A.passionB．attentionC．interestD．excitement答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“Thetruthisthatthewomanwasonherphonewhiledriving”可知，这位女士在开车时打电话。据此可以判断，她的注意力(attention)不在开车上。7．A.needsB．behaviorsC．injuriesD．conclusions答案与解析：C　根据该句中的“believingthatallmyboneswereundamagedinanyway”可以判断，这是在对“我”的伤势进行评定。C项意为“损伤”，符合语境，故C项正确。A项意为“需要”；B项意为“行为”；D项意为“结论”。8．A.stoodupB．walkedawayC．laydownD．blewup答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“believingthatallmyboneswereundamaged”可知，“我”的骨头都没有受伤；据此可以判断，“我”站起身和那位女司机说话。A项意为“站起身”，符合语境，故A项正确。B项意为“走开”；C项意为“躺下”；D项意为“爆炸，爆发”。9．A.rudeB．cautiousC．forgetfulD．scared9\n答案与解析：D　根据上文可知，“我”被这位女司机开的跑车撞到；据此可以判断，这位女司机很害怕(scared)，故D项正确。A项意为“粗鲁的”；B项意为“谨慎的”；C项意为“健忘的”。10．A.partedB．clearedC．exploredD．changed答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“Afterassuringherofmywellbeing”可以判断，在让她确信“我”身体没事以后，我们就分开(parted)了。11．A.TurninginB．PickingupC．PuttingasideD．Givingaway答案与解析：B　根据上文可知，“我”被女司机驾驶的跑车撞到；据此可以判断，“我”扶起(Pickingup)了“我”的破烂的自行车就上路了。A项意为“交还”；C项意为“把……放在一边，撇开”；D项意为“泄露”。12．A.garageB．parkinglotC．gymD．bikestore答案与解析：C　根据第一段第二句中的“gym”可知，“我”骑车进了体育馆(gym)，故选C。13．A.avoidedB．ignoredC．preventedD．mentioned答案与解析：D　根据该段最后一句中的“sayingthatnowIknowhowthesquirrelsfeelafteraniceescape”，并结合该句“Nervously,I__13__thecaraccident”可知，紧张之余，“我”提到(mentioned)了这起事故。14．A.gratefulB．inspiredC．anxiousD．curious答案与解析：C　根据前一句可知，“我”提到了这起事故；结合该句“Everyoneseemedtobefarmore__14__thanIwas.”可以判断，他们似乎比“我”更加担心(anxious)。A项意为“感激的”；B项意为“能力卓越的”；D项意为“好奇的”。15．A.stillB．evenC．justD．yet答案与解析：B　根据该句中的“joked,sayingthatnowIknowhowthesquirrelsfeelafteraniceescape”，并结合前一句他们似乎比“我”更加担心的描述可知，事实上，“我”甚至(even)开起了玩笑。16．A.attemptB．sacrificeC．explorationD．accident答案与解析：D　根据上下文可知，在这起事故(accident)之后，“我”意识到了自行车车道和密切注意行人的重要性。A项意为“尝试”；B项意为“牺牲”；C项意为“探索”。9\n17．A.lookoutB．workoutC．comeoutD．setout答案与解析：A　根据该句中的“sothattheydonot__18__thesamefate(命运)thatIdid”可知，现在“我”开车时总要密切注意(lookout)骑自行车的人，这样他们就不会遭受(suffer)与“我”同样的命运。B项意为“锻炼”；C项意为“公开表明”；D项意为“出发”。18．A.acceptB．deserveC．sufferD．escape答案与解析：C　参见上题解析。A项意为“接受”；B项意为“应得”；D项意为“逃跑”。19．A.ThusB．HoweverC．OtherwiseD．Also答案与解析：D　根据语境可知，“我”现在开车总要密切注意骑自行车的人，同样(Also)，对于所有的骑自行车的人和跑步者，他们应当注意来往车辆，因为一个小错误可能会导致(cause)一个不可原谅的错误。20．A.repeatB．causeC．correctD．realize答案与解析：B　参见上题解析。四、单句改错1．Thesoundofseagullscalledonhappymemoriesofhischildhoodholidays._____________________________________________________答案：on→up　callup“使回忆起；给……打电话”。2．Thetelephoneisoutoftheorder;therefore,wecannotgetintouchwiththeboss._____________________________________________________答案：去掉第二个the　outoforder“发生故障；次序颠倒”。3．Afterashortwhile,theboyssetoutdoingtheirhomework._____________________________________________________答案：out→about或doing→todo　setaboutdoing...＝setouttodo...“着手/开始做……”。4．Theboyknockdownbythecarwasimmediatelytakentothenearbyhospital.___________________________________________________9\n答案：knock→knocked　过去分词短语在句中作后置定语，修饰theboy,表被动，故应把knock改为knocked。5．Theteacher'sabruptlyendingspeakingcanmakesomestudentsfocustheirattentionontheirlistening.____________________________________________________答案：abruptly→abrupt　修饰动名词短语endingspeaking应用形容词，故将abruptly改为abrupt。五、七选五Agardenthat’sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts?　1　.Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.●　2　 Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).　3　.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.●Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad’svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat’snotwhat’simportant.　4　—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.　5　.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.A.KnowwhyyougardenB.FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters9\nD.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE.StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF.Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,tooG.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave【语篇解读】本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的具体建议。1.F【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据文章首句及下文的＂Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident＂可知，这里是在讲＂你是否曾去过一个花园……但是它不是偶然发生的＂。故F项＂Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden,too＂符合语境。 3.E【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂Somepeoplemaythink...＂和＂Othersareconcernedabout...＂可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的＂Stillothersmaysimplyenjoy...＂与上下文衔接自然，故选E项。4.C【解析】考查上下文的衔接。根据上文的＂...butthat’snotwhat’simportant＂和下文中的＂howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel＂可知此处讲的应是什么是重要的，故C项符合语境。5.G【解析】考查上下文的衔接。上文的＂thegardensofyouryouth＂以及下文的＂yourchildhoodmemories＂与G项中的＂thosegardens＂和＂thestrongestmemoryyouhave＂相呼应，故选G项。9