2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit4Pygmalion含解析新人教版选修8

Unit4Pygmalion李仕才一、阅读理解。FansofthemovieFindingNemomayremembertheterrifyingfishthatscaresDoryandMarlinatthebottomofatrench.Butinrealitythis“monster”，ablackseadevil，isonlyabout9cmlong，whichwouldmakeitaboutathirdofthesizeofDoryandpotentiallysmallerthanMarlinorNemo.Whilethisinaccuracymayseemharmless，itcouldcauseproblemsforfutureconservationefforts，aspeoplearemorelikelytosupportconservationofadorableratherthanscarylookinganimals.Theblackseadevilisjustoneofthemysterious“monsters”.From2000to2022，scientistsdescribedabout1，200newspeciesintheCensusofMarineLife.Whilethisfiguremayseemastonishing，afurther5，000individualdeadcreaturesareinspecimen（标本）jars，waitingtobedescribed.Specimensmustbemethodicallycollected，identified，andthentheidentityofnewdeepwaterspeciesmustbeconfirmed.Ifwecallunusualdeepseaanimalsmonsters，thenwemayharmtheirconservationaspeopleareunlikelytobeconnectedwiththemorcareaboutsavingthem.Ontheotherhand，theirrarityclearlymakesthempopularonsocialmediasites.Forotherspecies，thishasalreadyresultedinincreasesinillegaltradingforunusualpets.Deepseaspeciesmaypotentiallybecomeillegallyobtainedspecimensorfood.Humansmayendupeatingtheseanimalsofthedeepseatoextinctionbeforetheirspeciesareevenknowntoscience.Everyhabitatonearthisinterconnected，andwhateverweashumansdohasaninfluenceonmarineecosystems.Inreality，about80%ofouroxygenisproducedbymicroorganisms（微生物）intheoceans.Thismakesouroceansboththelungsandlifebloodofourplanetandwemustalltryhardertosavethem.【解题导语】　本文主要从电影里对深海物种的不准确认识，谈到了保护深海物种的重要性。1.Whatcanweknowabouttheblackseadevilinreality？A.Peoplebenefitgreatlyfromtheoxygenproducedbyit.B.ItsbodysizeisabigthreattofishlikeDoryandNemo.8\nC.Itsscaryappearancewillcauseproblemsforconservation.D.Peopledidn’tknowmuchaboutitwhenfilmingFindingNemo.D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“theterrifyingfishthatscaresDoryandMarlin”并结合第二段的整体内容可知，拍摄这部电影时，人们对这种物种了解很少，故选D。2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprogressofdescribingnewspecies？A.Acceptable.　　　　　　B．Surprising.C.Unsatisfying.D．Hopeless.C　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段的最后一句可推知，作者认为科学家对海洋新物种的研究不能令人满意，故选C。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph7probablyreferto？A.Theirpopularityonsocialmediasites.B.Theirrarityamongseacreatures.C.Theirconservationbeingharmed.D.Theirimportancebeingignored.A　解析：代词指代题。根据第七段的第一句可推知，此处的this指代上文稀有物种在社交媒体网站上受青睐的状况，故选A。4.Whatcanweinferaboutthoseunusualseaanimals？A.Theyarethelungsandlifebloodofourplanet.B.Confirmingtheiridentityisveryurgentforprotection.C.Mostofthemarebecomingillegallyobtainedspecimens.D.Adorableonesaremorelikelytobepostedonsocialmediasites.B　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可推知，科学地认知稀有物种对于对这些物种的保护很紧迫，故选B。二、单句语法填空1．Wehadno________(hesitate)inhelpingthesuffererswhentheterribleearthquakehitthecountry.答案：hesitation　havenohesitationindoing...“毫不犹豫地做……”。2．________(classify)somanybooksinlibrariesusuallytakesthemlotsoftime.答案：Classifying　句子中缺少主语，且指一般性情况，故应填动名词classifying，在句中作主语。3．Generally________(speak),youthsofeighteenaretooyoungforsuchwork.8\n答案：speaking　generallyspeaking“一般来说”。4．Whatyousaidhasledtothe________(mistake)beliefthatsmokingisnotharmful.答案：mistaken　修饰名词belief应用形容词，故填mistaken“错误的”。5．Theschoolmakesitclearthatessaysfromonlineshouldnotbepassedoff________beingwrittenbythestudents.答案：as　pass...offas...“把……看作或冒充成……”。6．________ifweinvitedthemtocomehereforapartyinstead?答案：What　固定句式whatif“倘使/如果……将会怎样？”。7．Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentobehave________(proper)inpublic.答案：properly　此处应用副词来修饰动词behave,故填properly。8．Theymaderude________(remark)aboutherappearance.答案：remarks　makeremarks/aremarkabout...“对……发表评论”。9．Theinformationyougatheredis________greathelptome.答案：of　“of＋抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词，ofgreathelp＝veryhelpful“非常有帮助”。10．________(take)accordingtotheinstructions,themedicinehasnosideeffect.答案：Taken　所给动词与其逻辑主语medicine之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OnthenightofOctober16th，comingupatteno'clock,mymotherpreparedwhatwouldbemyfather'slastmeal.Thatweekheworked__1__shifts.Hestartedatmidnight.Justafter2am，thegroupwentforcoffee.Therewasa__2__thatalwayshadtobeoperatedandhesaid，“It'sokay.Youguysall__3__andI'llworkit.”Themachinewould__4__quickly，occasionally，foronemomentDadmadea__5__—hedidn'tpayattention,andhisheadwasstuckinthemachine.Inpanic，theworkers__6__backandcutthebaseofthemachineandtransporteditwithhimintheambulance.Motherwas__7__thattherewasanaccidentandtomeetatthe__8__.MyoldestbrotherKen，thensixteen,__9__motherthere，andmyotherbrotherBob，then8\nfourteen，stayedwithmeathome.Fatherdiedontheroad.Whenwewereovercomewiththe__10__，aspokespersonforthehospital__11__mymotheriftheycouldtakeoneofmyfather'seyes—theyhadaperson__12__it.Mymotherreplied，“Yes！”Yearslater，inthelatesummer，IwasattheWoodlawnCemeterywheremyfather'sbodyrests.AsIfinished__13__andstood，amanfrombehindmesaid，“Howareyounow，Frank？”Knowingonlythe__14__，andhisfriendsandcoworkerscalledhim“Frank”，I__15__thoughtthatthismanmusthave__16__him.AsIturnedtofacehim，Ireplied，“He'smyfather.”Thisman，FrankBazylak，asIwouldlearnlater，replied,“I__17__withyourfatherforashorttime，justoverayear，buthemadeanimpactonmylife.Hewassopowerful，so__18__andsogiving.Youknow，hewasn'tmeanttobetherethatday.ButthatwasFrank.”Almostfourdecadeslaterandfroma__19__，thereinthecemetery.I'dheard__20__storiesaboutmyfather.1．A.morningB．noonC．nightD．afternoon2．A.dutyB．jobC．truckD．machine3．A.stayB．goC．hideD．watch4．A.moveB．breakC．changeD．fly5．A.decisionB．differenceC．lifeD．mistake6．A.walkedB．rushedC．lookedD．turned7．A.warnedB．mindedC．informedD．threatened8．A.factoryB．officeC．hospitalD．workplace9．A.comfortedB．urgedC．calmedD．drove8\n10．A.sorrowB．incidentC．troubleD．treatment11．A.suggestedB．askedC．puzzledD．embarrassed12．A.caringaboutB．sufferingfromC．turningtoD．waitingfor13．A.blessingB．missingC．prayingD．chatting14．A.familyB．doctorsC．companyD．policemen15．A.slowlyB．quicklyC．nervouslyD．carefully16．A.respectedB．lovedC．recognizedD．known17．A.discussedB．quarreledC．workedD．agreed18．A.cleverB．considerateC．modestD．strict19．A.strangerB．friendC．colleagueD．brother20．A.wonderfulB．cheerfulC．sadD．false【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸在工厂发生事故后去世，妈妈在医院同意捐献他的一只眼睛。最后通过与一位陌生人的对话说明了父亲的美德。【核心词汇】shiftn．轮班　operatev．操作，动手术　occasionallyadv.偶尔，间或　stuckadj.卡住的，无法移动的　panicn．恐慌　transportv．运输　overcomevt.克服，控制　coworkern．同事　impactn．作用，影响　decaden．十年1．C　根据第一段第一句中的“Onthenight”和空后的“Hestartedatmidnight”可知，爸爸应该是上夜班。所以选C。2．D　根据空后的“hadtobeoperated”和“I'llworkit”可知，此处应是一台机器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“Themachinewould__4__quickly”也是提示。3．B　根据第二段第一句中的“thegroupwentforcoffee”以及最后一句中的“I'llworkit”可推断，此处指离开(去喝咖啡)，故选B项。8\n4．A　根据语境可知，此处是指这台机器运转(move)很快。5．D　根据空后内容可知，此处指爸爸犯了一个错误。6．B　根据上文可知，其他人都去喝咖啡了，所以爸爸的头卡在机器里时，他们应该是快速赶(rushed)回。7．C　根据常识可知，爸爸发生事故，这时应是通知妈妈到医院去，所以选C。warn“警告，提醒”；mind“介意”；inform“告知，通知”；threaten“威胁，恐吓”。8．C　参见上题解析。9．D　根据语境并结合选项可知，妈妈要到医院去，所以哥哥开车送妈妈去那里。comfort“安慰”；urge“催促”；calm“使平静”；drive“驾车送(人)”。10．A　根据上文可知，父亲的去世使我们处于悲痛之中。beovercomewith...“受到……的极大影响”。11．B　根据空后内容可知，此处应是询问(asked)妈妈的意见。puzzle“使困惑”；embarrass“使窘迫”。12．D　根据语境可以推断，此处是指一个病人(一直)在等待(waitingfor)(有人捐献)眼睛来治疗(自己的眼睛)。careabout“关心”；sufferfrom“遭受”；turnto“转向，求助于”。13．C　根据空前的“attheWoodlawnCemetery”并结合生活常识可知，“我”在墓地完成祷告(praying)。bless“祝福，保佑”。14．A　根据空后内容并结合语境可知，“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以选项A符合语境。company“同伴”。15．B　根据上文内容可知，“我”应是迅速地(quickly)认为这个人一定是认识(known)爸爸的。nervously“神经紧张地”。16．D　参见上题解析。17．C　根据空后的“forashorttime，justoverayear,buthemadeanimpactonmylife”和下文中的“hewasn'tmeanttobetherethatday”可推知，这个人应该是爸爸的同事，所以空处应指与爸爸一起工作过。quarrel“吵架”。18．B　根据空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同时结合上文已经介绍的爸爸让所有的同事去喝咖啡，自己一个人留下操作机器以及倒数第二段最后一句可知，爸爸也是一个体贴的(considerate)人。modest“谦虚的”。19．A　根据文章倒数第二至三段可知，“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。colleague“同事”。20．A　本段是结尾段，也是全文的总结性段落，根据倒数第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了爸爸的优秀品质。故此处应指“我”听到了令人惊叹的故事。wonderful“令人惊叹的”符合语境。四、单句改错。8\n1．Themistakesinyourhomeworkshouldn'tbeoverlooking,oryou'llkeepthemforever.____________________________________________________答案：overlooking→overlooked　overlook与mistakes之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。2．Intermofeducation,Ifirstthankallmyteacherswhohavedevotedthemselvestotheirprofession._____________________________________________________答案：term→terms　intermsof“就……来说；从……角度”。3．Fortunate,thefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted._____________________________________________________答案：Fortunate→Fortunately　副词作状语修饰整个句子，故应将fortunate改为fortunately。4．TheSeptember11attackhascondemnedbytheentireinternationalcommunity._____________________________________________________答案：has后加been　现在完成时的被动语态的构成：havebeen＋过去分词。9.11恐怖袭击应是“被谴责”，故应在has后加been。5．Whentheinterviewwasfinished,Iwasshownin._____________________________________________________答案：in→out　showsb.in“带某人进来”；showsb.out“带某人出去”。由句意可知后一短语符合语境。五、短文改错Susan’sfamilywasterriblepoor.OneChristmasEve,Susan’sfathersawthatSusanhadusedpieceofgoldwrappingpapertodecorateashoebox,wherewassoprecioustotheirfamily,andsheputitundertheChristmastree.Thenextmorning,Susantakestheboxtoherdadandsaid,“Thisisforyou,Dad！”Butifheopenedit,hefounditwasempty.“Whydoyougivemeanemptyboxes?Don’tyouknowthegoldwrappingpaperissuchexpensivetous？”Herdadsaidangrily.Susancried,said,“Dad,itisn’tempty.Iblewkissesintoituntilitwasallfull.”Hearingofthis,thedadfeltregretful,heheldSusaninhisarmsbutsaid,“Sorry,mydear,Iloveyou！”答案：Susan’sfamilywaspoor.OneChristmasEve,Susan’sfathersawthatSusanhadusedpieceofgoldwrappingpapertodecorateashoebox,was8\nsoprecioustotheirfamily,andsheputitundertheChristmastree.Thenextmorning,Susantheboxtoherdadandsaid,“Thisisforyou,Dad！”Butheopenedit,hefounditwasempty.“Whydoyougivemeanempty？Don’tyouknowthegoldwrappingpaperisexpensivetous？”Herdadsaidangrily.Susancried,/，“Dad,itisn’tempty.Iblewkissesintoituntilitwasallfull.”Hearingthis,thedadfeltregretful,heheldSusaninhisarmssaid,“Sorry,mydear,Iloveyou！”8