2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit2Cloning含解析新人教版选修8

Unit2Cloning李仕才一、阅读理解。Kandareallydoesn’tliketowalkalone.Thescientistfromaresearchinstituteofintelligentrobotsfindstheexperiencesoboringthathe’dratherdrive—eventhoughhelivesclosetohislabandknowsthatwalkingishealthy.“Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone，likewithmywife，withmydaughter，”Kandasaid.“Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.”SoKanda，whospecializesinhumanlikebots，developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings，which，hehopes，mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.Thebotrestsonaperson’sshoulderlikeaboxyparrot.Itweighsaboutapoundandahalfandsitsroughly8.5incheshigh，andis3.5incheswideand10incheslong.Amicrophone，aspeaker，andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.It’sevenequippedwithasmile.Kandaandhisteamcollectedvideofromfivedifferentlocations，includingagardenandashoppingmall，andcreatedadatasetofsmalltalktopicsrelatedtoeachlocation.Thentheyprogrammedtherobottoassociatevisualcueswithspecifictopics.Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars，forexample，itmightsay，“Inabigparkinglot，sometimesIforgetwhereIparked.”Theytestedtheroboton15volunteers，10malesand5females，whowerepaidandaveragedabout26yearsold.“Haveyoueverblownapuffofdandelion（蒲公英）seedsintotheair？”Therobotaskedaparticipant，whosmiledandresponded，“Yes，IoftendidthatwhenIwasachild.”Althoughseveralparticipantsnotedtherobot’sweight，Kandawassurprisedthatnooneconsideredtheexperiencestrangeorfunny.“Iguesspeopleenjoynewtechnologies，”hesaid.Justlikeahumanpartner，Kanda’sbotisn’tperfect.It’snotabletogoforwalksinheavyrainand，whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions，itcan’treallyhold8\naconversation，aboutwhichKandaismostworried.Despiteitslimits，Kandawascomfortedbythebot’spresence.“Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone，”hesaid，“particularlywhenitspoke.”【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了新研发的陪人散步的机器人。1.WhydoesKandahavetheideaofdevelopingaroboticwalkingpartner？A.Becausehewantssomeonetoaccompanyhimwhilewalking.B.Becausehehasneverdevelopedarobotlikeaparrot.C.Becausehisfamilyareunwillingtowalkwithhim.D.Becauseheiscrazyaboutdevelopingrobots.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“‘Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone，likewithmywife，withmydaughter，’Kandasaid.‘Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.’”可知，Kanda发明陪人散步的机器人的原因是想找个人在他散步时陪他，故选A。2.Whatcharacteristicdoestherobothave？A.Itcan“speak”and“see”.B.Itcanwalklikeahumanbeing.C.Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.D.Itismuchmorehumorousthanarealperson.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句以及第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...withavoice.”可推知，这种机器人可以说话还可以看，故选A。3.Whatisnecessaryfortherobottofunction？A.Asmallsize.　　　B．Aboxyshape.C.Ahumanpartner.D．Aspeechsoftware.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句和第三段的“Thentheyprogrammed...Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.”可知，这种机器人是要配备麦克风、扬声器、内置摄像头以及特殊的语音软件的，故选D。4.WhatisKandamostlikelytodoabouthisrobotnext？A.Tomakeitmoreconvenienttocarry.B.Toimproveitsconversationalskills.C.Toenableittowalkinheavyrain.D.Tobetteritssoundsystem.B　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句的“itcan’treallyholdaconversation，aboutwhichKandaismostworried”并结合全文的内容可推知，接下来Kanda将要改善的是机器人的交流技能，故选B。8\n二、单句语法填空1．Shewasforced________(retire)earlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.答案：toretire　beforcedtodo...“被迫做……”；retire“退休”。2．Manylocalpeople________(object)tothebuildingofthenewairport.答案：objected　objectto...“反对……”。3．Itwon'tmakemuch________(differ)whetheryougotodayortomorrow.答案：difference　由空前的much可知应填名词difference。makea/no/some/muchdifference表示“有/没有/有些/有很大影响/作用/关系”。4．Heoweshissuccessmore________luckthan________ability.答案：to;to　owe...to...“把……归功于……”。5．Alcoholactsonthebrain,sodriversareforbidden________(drink)itwhentheydriveacar.答案：todrink　beforbiddentodo...“被禁止做某事”。6．________(strike)bystrongsnowstorms,theareafacedaseverewaterandelectricityshortage.答案：Struck　过去分词短语在该句中作原因状语。7．Thequestion________willtakehisplaceisstillnotclear.答案：who　who引导同位语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的人”，从句说明question的内容。8．Theadvantageis________thecostofthismethodislow.答案：that　设空处引导表语从句在从句中不作成分，无语义，只起连接作用，故填that。9．Ican't________(undertake)thatyouwillwinintheelection.答案：undertake　由空前的情态动词can可知应填动词原形。Ican'tundertakethat...“我无法承诺……”。10．Youcanusemycomputeroncondition________youreturnittomorrow.答案：that　onconditionthat...“条件是……；只要……”。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。OneSaturdayafternoon，mymotherwasdrivinghome.Onthehalfway，after__1__hercreditcardtobuysomethingatthestorenearthegasstation，sheputherwalletonthetopofhercarjustforamomentto__2__myphonecall.Andthen__3__，she8\nforgotanddroveoff.Whenarrivinghome，sherealizedthatandthoughtthatthe__4__ofgettingitagainwassmall.Shewasso__5__surprisedwhenshefounda__6__onherdoorfromapersonwhosaidheandhisfriendfoundherwalletafewhoursearlier.PatrickandCatherinesawthewalletinthemiddleoftheroadafew__7__fromthegasstation.Theystoppedtheircarto__8__.Itwasfilledwithallthethingsoneusuallykeptinawallet，includingsome__9__andothercash，however，nophonenumber.__10__this，theymanagedtogeta(n)__11__frommymother'sdrivinglicence,andwithouthesitation，theydecidedtodrivetoourhometo__12__it.Whenmymotherwenttogetherwallet，shewasso__13__andgrateful.She__14__togivethemsomemoneyasa(n)__15__ofgratitude，buttheyrefused，sayingthattheywerejustgladto__16__mymotherhelp.Theywerenaturally__17__，andtheyhadfirm__18__intheGoldenRuleaswell.Theydrovetoourhomebecausetheyrealizedtheunpleasantandupsetexperiencethelossofawalletandallitscontentscould__19__.Ithinktheywerereally__20__andhelpful.1．A.pullingoutB．applyingforC．payingforD．makingout2．A.makeB．answerC．hearD．send3．A.carefullyB．ridiculouslyC．obviouslyD．deliberately4．A.amountB．expectationC．thoughtD．chance5．A.curiouslyB．joyfullyC．willinglyD．strangely6．A.signB．signalC．noteD．postcard7．A.stopsB．hoursC．squaresD．blocks8．A.pickitupB．lookitupC．takeitoutD．putitout9．A.picturesB．envelopesC．billsD．napkins8\n10．A.InsteadofB．DespiteC．WithoutD．Beneath11．A.numberB．photographC．addressD．index12．A.getB．checkC．exchangeD．return13．A.upsetB．relievedC．fortunateD．warmhearted14．A.intendedB．advisedC．demandedD．instructed15．A.feelingB．moodC．presentD．expression16．A.offerB．shareC．trustD．seek17．A.honestB．selfishC．frankD．creative18．A.courageB．faithC．supportD．devotion19．A.fulfillB．ignoreC．valueD．cause20．A.ambitiousB．civilizedC．politeD．considerate【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的母亲丢失了钱包，两位好心人拾到了钱包，并将它归还给母亲的故事。【核心词汇】pullout取出，拉出　obviouslyadv.明显地　chancen．机会，可能性　intendvt.打算　considerateadj.考虑周到的1．A　根据下文的“sheputherwalletonthetopofhercarjustforamoment”的提示可知，此处指母亲取出她的信用卡去购买一些东西。pullout“取出，拉出”；applyfor“申请”；payfor“支付”；makeout“理解”。2．B　为了接听作者的电话，作者的母亲把钱包放在车顶一会儿。answer“回答，接听”。3．C　根据下文的“sheforgotanddroveoff.Whenarrivinghome,sherealized”的提示可知，此处指“明显地”。carefully“仔细地”；ridiculously“荒谬地”；obviously“明显地”；deliberately“故意地”。8\n4．D　当母亲到家的时候，她意识到了这件事，并且认为再次得到它的可能性很小。amount“数量”；expectation“期望”；thought“想法”；chance“机会，可能性”。5．B　根据空后的“whenshefounda__6__onherdoorfromapersonwhosaidheandhisfriendfoundherwalletafewhoursearlier”的提示可知，母亲感到既高兴又惊奇。curiously“好奇地”；joyfully“高兴地”；willingly“乐意地”；strangely“奇怪地”。6．C　母亲发现门上有一个便条。sign“迹象”；signal“信号”；note“便条”；postcard“明信片”。7．D　根据“PatrickandCatherinesaw...Theystoppedtheircarto__8__”的提示可知，Patrick和Catherine在离加油站几个街区远的路中间发现了这个钱包，他们停下车捡起了它。stop“车站”；hour“小时”；square“广场”；block“街区”。8．A　参见上题解析。picksth.up“捡起某物”符合语境。9．C　根据上文的“Itwasfilledwithallthethingsoneusuallykeptinawallet”的提示以及常识可知，钱包里有一些账单和其他的现金。picture“画，照片”；envelope“信封”；bill“账单”；napkin“餐巾”。10．B　根据“however,nophonenumber.__10__this,theymanagedtogeta(n)__11__frommymother'sdrivinglicence”的提示可知，钱包里面没有电话号码，尽管如此，他们还是从母亲的驾照上得到了一个地址。insteadof“代替”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”；beneath“在……下面”。11．C　参见上题解析。number“数字”；photograph“相片”；address“地址”；index“索引”。12．D　他们毫不犹豫地开车来到我们家把钱包归还给了母亲。get“得到”；check“检查”；exchange“交换”；return“归还”。13．B　当母亲去拿钱包的时候，她感到非常宽慰和感激。upset“沮丧的”；relieved“宽慰的”；fortunate“幸运的”；warmhearted“热心的”。14．A　根据上文的“Whenmymotherwenttogetherwallet，shewasso__13__andgrateful”的提示可知，母亲打算给他们一些钱来表示感谢。intend“打算”；advise“建议”；demand“要求”；instruct“指导，说明”。15．D　参见上题解析。feeling“感觉”；mood“情绪，心情”；present“礼物”；expression“表达，表示”。16．A　但是他们拒绝了，他们说他们很乐意给母亲提供帮助。offersb.sth.“提供某人某物”。17．A　他们表现自然，很诚实。honest“诚实的”；selfish“自私的”；frank“坦率的”；creative“有创造力的”。18．B　而且他们对于黄金规则也有着坚定的信心。havefaithin8\nsb./sth.意为“对某人或某物有信心”。19．D　根据空前的“becausetheyrealizedtheunpleasantandupsetexperiencethelossofawalletandallitscontentscould”的提示可知，他们意识到了失去钱包和钱包里的所有东西可能会引起的令人不愉快和烦恼的经历。fulfill“实现”；ignore“忽视”；value“重视”；cause“引起”。20．D　根据“Theydrovetoourhome...itscontentscould__19__...andhelpful”的提示可知，作者认为他们真的是考虑周到而且乐于助人的。ambitious“有野心的”；civilized“文明的”；polite“有礼貌的”；considerate“考虑周到的”。四、单句改错1．Thestoryhetoldthepolicedifferedintheonehetoldhismother.____________________________________________________答案：in→from　differfrom...“和……不同”。2．Owedtoherassistance,wesucceededinstartingtheengine._____________________________________________________答案：Owed→Owing　owingto...“因为……；由于……”，为固定用法。3．Itsuddenlystrucktomethatweshouldmakeanewplan._____________________________________________________答案：去掉to　Itstrikessb.that...“某人突然想起……”。4．MymothermakesapromiseifIpassedtheexam,shewouldbuymeawatch.____________________________________________________答案：promise后加that　该句为that引导的同位语从句，that虽不作成分，但也不能省略。5．Encouragingbythespeech,theyoungmanmadeuphismindtotakeupthestruggle.____________________________________________________答案：Encouraging→Encouraged　主语theyoungman与encourage之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语。五、短文改错Asisknowntoweall,America’snationalpastimeisbaseball.Ithasplayedinthiscountrysincethefirstsettlersarrive.ItwasanationalballwhatwaslikedbymanyAmericansatthattime.AlthoughbaseballpossiblydevelopedfromanEnglishgame,itisnowthoughtoflikeanAmericansport.FromtheLittleLeaguetotheMajorLeague,playerofallskilllevelsenjoytestingtheirpoweronthe“FieldofDreams”.Famousplayers,excitingmusicbutthestandardstadiumfoodofhotdogs,popcornandpeanutsarepopularlyamongAmericans.Inafact,AmericansmakegotothebaseballgameafavoritesummeroutingformanyAmericansnowadays.8\n答案：Asisknowntoall,America’snationalpastimeisbaseball.Ithasplayedinthiscountrysincethefirstsettlers.ItwasanationalballwaslikedbymanyAmericansatthattime.AlthoughbaseballpossiblydevelopedfromanEnglishgame,itisnowthoughtofanAmericansport.FromtheLittleLeaguetotheMajorLeague,ofallskilllevelsenjoytestingtheirpoweronthe“FieldofDreams”.Famousplayers,excitingmusicthestandardstadiumfoodofhotdogs,popcornandpeanutsareamongAmericans.Infact,AmericansmaketothebaseballgameafavoritesummeroutingformanyAmericansnowadays.8