2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit2Cloning含解析新人教版选修8

Unit2Cloning李仕才***阅读理解。SusanBrownellAnthonywasaladyaheadofhertime.Shefoughtforwomen’srightslongbeforetheybecameapopularissue.SusanwasbornonFebruary15,1820,inAdams，Massachusetts.Atthattime,womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.Attheageof15,Susanbecameaschoolteacher.Shetaughtfor15years.Thenshebeganorganizingwomen’sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.Shehelpedgainbettereducationalrightsforwomen.Shehelpedgivemarriedwomenpossessionoftheirearnings.AftertheCivilWar,Susanbecameveryinvolvedinthewomen’ssuffragemovement.Afteryearsoflecturing,writing,andappealingbySusanandotherwomen,somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote.ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming’sdecision.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheU．S.Constitutionwaschangedtogiveallwomenvotingrights.SusanBrownellAnthonydiedin1906attheageof86.ShewaselectedtotheHallofFameforGreatAmericansin1950.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantohavealikeness(肖像)ofherfaceonacoin.Itwasthe1979SusanBrownellAnthonydollar.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。1．WhatwasthesituationofAmericanwomenlikewhenSusanwasborn?A．Theyhadlowsocialstatus.B．Theycouldvoteaftergettingmarried.C．Theymanagedmoneyfortheirhusbands.D．Theywereresponsiblefordecisionmaking.9\nA　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Atthattime,womenhadfewrights...Womencouldnotvote”．可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。2．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Susan’steachingexperiences.B．Susan’seducationalbackground.C．Susan’seffortstoabolishslavery.D．Susan’sfightingforwomen’scauses.D　解析：段落大意题。通读第三段尤其是“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen’sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.”可知，本段主要讲述SusanBrownellAnthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decision”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Promotingthesocialmovement.B．ChangingtheU．S.Constitution.C．Givingwomenvotingrights.D．Unitingotherareasandstates.C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote”可知，在SusanBrownellAnthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheFirstAmericanWomantoInventCoinsB．TheProblemofWomen’sRightsintheU．S.C．TheMostPopularWomenOrganizationsD．APioneerinFightingforWomen’sRightsD　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。***语法填空。9\nThetruth__1__treesarevitaltoourlifeisnotasecret.Theyprovideuswithfood,woodandmost__2__(important),oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—blockingoutharmfulbacteriafromwater.Thediscovery__3__(make)byateamconsistingofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudents__4__wereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesindevelopingcountriesthatdonothave__5__(accessible)tomodernwaterfiltersystems.The__6__(research),ledbyProfessorRohitKarnik,decidedtoturntotreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquidtoflowthrough,whileblockingoutairbubbles.Theybeganbycutting1.5－inch－widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeoplerelatedthentestedthewood'sfilteringabilityby__7__(pour)watercontainingreddyeparticlesofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheir__8__(amaze),theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.__9__(encourage),theteamconducted__10__experiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________　6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。树木对人类至关重要，本文通过两个实验证明了树木除了能够提供食物、木材、氧气等作用外，还能够隔离细菌。1．that考查同位语从句的连接词。第1空后的内容解释说明名词truth的内容，因此设空处引导同位语从句，只起连接作用，不作成分。故填that。2．Importantly考查词性转换。此处表示“最重要的是”，应用副词形式，构成固定短语mostimportantly，故填importantly。3．wasmade考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处动词在句中作谓语。根据全文主体时态为一般过去时可知，该句也应用一般过去时；make与discovery之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态。4．who/that考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是scientistsandhighschoolstudents，指人，故用who或that引导。5．access考查词性转换。haveaccessto为固定短语，意为“有使用……的机会”。6．researchers考查词性转换及名词的数。根据本句中的decidedto可知，设空处应填名词作句子主语，指“研究人员”，且由从句中的they可知，故应用复数形式researchers。9\n7．pouring考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词pour，空前为介词by，其后应用动名词。故填pouring。8．amazement考查固定用法。“toone's＋名词”为固定用法，意为“令某人……的是”，故填amazement。9．Encouraged考查非谓语动词。encourage与主语theteam之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式，在句中作原因状语。10．another考查限定词。根据第10空后的内容可知，这个小组又做了另外一个实验，故填another，意为“另一个”。***完形填空。WhenLisaWelch，fromJimboomba，Queensland，wasstrugglingwithwhattogifthersonforhisupcoming10thbirthday，shewasbeaten.HerlittleboyJorgehasa__1__，who，bornwithCorticolDysplasia，isunabletospeakandhisbrain__2__asan18monthsold.Lisahadnoticedthatduringthedrivetoschooleachweekdaymorning，Jorgealmostjumpedoutofhisseat__3__everytimetheypassedabigtruck.ThiswaswhatgavehertheideatoputapostonthelocalFacebookSellItpage,__4__apersonwithatrucktovisittheirhomeforanhourand__5__takeJorgeforaride.Withinminutes，MelissaWhelan，whosehusbandTomdrivesabigtruck，__6__tobeonlineandcontacted(联系)Lisa,Jorge'sbirthday__7__hadbeenorganized.Butthestorydoesn't__8__there.Theoffersoftrucksandtimekeptpouringin.ItwasatthispointthatGavin，anothertrucker，steppedinand__9__.Afterwards，hesetupa__10__page“JimboombaJorge”__11__everyonecouldkeeppacewithwhatwasunfolding.The__12__ofthebirthdaysurprisespread，andenthusiasmandlocalcommunityspirit__13__.Within5days，Gavinhadorganizedaconvoy(车队)of214trucks,with__14__comingfromacrossthecountry.Hespokewithradiostations4BCaboutJorgeandtheconvoy.Channel9Australiawascontactedandtheytoomadearrangementstobe__15__ontheday.Saturdaythe15thDecember__16__brightandsunny，whichturnedoutthebesteverbirthdayforJorge.Thecommunityalso__17__atotalof$1700towardJorge'songoing__18__costsand__19__thebirthdaypresentswasthedonationofatabletPCfromthelocalTelstrashop.LisaisexcitedthatthiscanbeusedtoaidJorgewithhis__20__.1．A.toyB．disability9\nC．situationD．habit2．A.treatsB．considersC．functionsD．describes3．A.casuallyB．calmlyC．excitedlyD．violently4．A.askingforB．dependingonC．sendingforD．bringingup5．A.frequentlyB．graduallyC．deliberatelyD．possibly6．A.hesitatedB．happenedC．intendedD．pretended7．A.surpriseB．invitationsC．eveningD．dance8．A.endB．beginC．turnD．mean9．A.pulledoverB．handedoverC．tookoverD．thoughtover10．A.normalB．frequentC．usualD．special11．A.incaseB．evenifC．aslongasD．sothat12．A.timeB．placeC．ruleD．message13．A.grewB．sankC．lostD．fell14．A.doctorsB．driversC．clerksD．patients15．A.offB．outC．awayD．there16．A.showedB．wipedC．dawnedD．varied17．A.raisedB．earnedC．wastedD．spent18．A.generalB．medical9\nC．livingD．travelling19．A.betweenB．atC．amongD．against20．A.decisionB．communicationC．driveD．relationship【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了母亲Lisa为她患病的儿子准备生日惊喜的故事。在很多人的帮助下，她的儿子Jorge度过了一个完美的生日，同时，Jorge还收到了很多生日礼物以及好心人的捐款。1．B　考查名词辨析。A项意为“玩具”；B项意为“缺陷，障碍”；C项意为“情况”；D项意为“习惯”。根据空格后的“who,bornwithCorticolDysplasia,isunabletospeakandhisbrain________asan18monthsold”可判断出，Jorge生来身体上就有缺陷。故选B。2．C　考查动词辨析。A项意为“对待”；B项意为“考虑”；C项意为“正常工作，运转”；D项意为“描述”。根据“isunabletospeak”可判断出，Jorge大脑的运转水平大约和18月大的孩子一样。故选C。3．C　考查副词辨析。A项意为“不经意地”；B项意为“镇静地”；C项意为“兴奋地”；D项意为“强烈地”。根据上文中的“jumpedoutofhisseat”可判断出，此处指Jorge每次看到有大卡车经过时都会从座位上兴奋地跳起来。故选C。4．A　考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“请求”；B项意为“依赖”；C项意为“派人去请”；D项意为“提出，养育”。根据空格后的“apersonwithatrucktovisittheirhomeforanhour”可判断出，此处指Lisa是想请求一位有卡车的人来她家。故选A。5．D　考查副词辨析。A项意为“频繁地”；B项意为“逐渐地”；C项意为“故意地”；D项意为“可能，也许”。根据语境可知，Lisa希望如果有可能的话，卡车司机可以载Jorge一程。故选D。6．B　考查动词辨析。A项意为“犹豫”；B项意为“发生”；C项意为“打算”；D项意为“假装”。此处指丈夫是卡车司机的MelissaWhelan碰巧在线并联系了Lisa。happentodo意为“碰巧发生”。故选B。7．A　考查名词辨析。A项意为“惊喜”；B项意为“邀请”；C项意为“晚上”；D项意为“舞蹈”。根据第三段第五句中的“thebirthdaysurprisespread”可知，此处指Lisa做这一切是想给儿子一个生日惊喜。故选A。8．A　考查动词辨析。A项意为“结束”；B项意为“开始”；C项意为“转动”；D项意为“意思是”。根据下文内容可知，这个故事并没有到此结束。故选A。9．C　考查动词短语辨析。A项意为“靠边停车”；B项意为“移交”；C项意为“接替，接任”；D项意为“仔细考虑”。根据下文中的“hesetupa________page‘Jimboomba9\nJorge'”可知，另一位卡车司机介入并接替了这件事情。故选C。10．D　考查形容词辨析。A项意为“正常的”；B项意为“频繁的”；C项意为“通常的”；D项意为“特别的”。根据下文内容可知，这是一张特别的“page”。故选D。11．D　考查连词短语辨析。A项意为“万一，假使”；B项意为“即使”；C项意为“只要”；D项意为“以便”。此处指Gavin建立一个写有“JimboombaJorge”的页面以便每个人都能知道这件事情的进展。空格后面的状语从句表示的是结果，能引导结果状语从句的只有sothat。故选D。12．D　考查名词辨析。A项意为“时间”；B项意为“地点”；C项意为“规则”；D项意为“消息”。根据语境可知，生日惊喜的消息很快就传播开了。故选D。13．A　考查动词辨析。A项意为“增长”；B项意为“下沉”；C项意为“丢失”；D项意为“落下”。根据下文内容可知，生日惊喜的消息很快就传播开来，热情和当地社区人们的情绪高涨。故选A。14．B　考查名词辨析。A项意为“医生”；B项意为“司机”；C项意为“职员”；D项意为“病人”。根据上文中的“Gavinhadorganizedaconvoy(车队)of214trucks”可知，Gavin组织了一个由来自全国各地的司机组成的卡车车队。故选B。15．D　考查副词辨析。句意为：有人联系了澳大利亚的Channel9，他们也做出了安排，那天会在那里(进行报道)。故选D。16．C　考查动词辨析。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“擦”；C项意为“天亮，破晓”；D项意为“变化”。根据“brightandsunny”可判断出，天亮之后才能阳光明媚。故选C。17．A　考查动词辨析。A项意为“筹集”；B项意为“赚得”；C项意为“浪费”；D项意为“花费”。根据空格后的“atotalof$1700”可知，社区也为Jorge筹集了1700美元。故选A。18．B　考查形容词辨析。A项意为“全体的，普遍的”；B项意为“医疗的”；C项意为“活着的”；D项意为“旅行的”。因为Jorge是一个患病的孩子，根据空格前后的“Jorge'songoing”和“costs”可知，这些钱是用来支付Jorge的医疗费用的。故选B。19．C　考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，Jorge的生日礼物很多，amongthebirthdaypresents表示“在这些礼物当中”，符合语境。故选C。20．B　考查名词辨析。A项意为“决定”；B项意为“交流”；C项意为“驾车路程”；D项意为“关系”。根据第一段中的“isunabletospeak”和本段中的“atabletPCfromthelocalTelstrashop”可知，当地的Telstra商店送给Jorge一个平板电脑，Lisa认为这对Jorge的交流会有所帮助。故选B。亮点句积累：Theoffersoftrucksandtimekeptpouringin.(第三段第二句)译文：可供使用的卡车和时间段不断涌来。词汇积累：pourv．不断涌向　organizev．组织9\nkeeppacewith保持同步，并驾齐驱***短文改错。Thisismyfifthdayatthesummercamp.Lifeisn'texactwhatIexpected.WehavetogetupearlytomakeourbedsbeforeourteacherMissLicometoinspect.Afterbreakfast,wehavesomeoffreetime.YesterdaymorningIwentfishing,buttheonlythingIcatchwasatreebranch.Intheafternoon,therearedifferentactivitylikehorsebackridingandhiking.They'refun,sonothingnewforme.Intheevening,everyoneisassignedadifferenttasktogetdinnerready.Yesterday,Iwasinchargeofpreparethehotdogs,butIaccidentallydroppeditinthefire.Thebestpartofcampisatnight,wherewesitaroundacampfireandtellstories.答案：Thisismyfifthdayatthesummercamp.Lifeisn'twhatIexpected.WehavetogetupearlytomakeourbedsbeforeourteacherMissLitoinspect.Afterbreakfast,wehavesomefreetime.YesterdaymorningIwentfishing,buttheonlythingIwasatreebranch.Intheafternoon,therearedifferentlikehorsebackridingandhiking.They'refun,nothingnewforme.Intheevening,everyoneisassignedadifferenttasktogetdinnerready.Yesterday,Iwasinchargeofthehotdogs,butIaccidentallydroppedinthefire.Thebestpartofcampisatnight,wesitaroundacampfireandtellstories.难项分析：第一处：exact→exactly　考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词应用副词。第六处：so→but　考查连词。前后两分句之间为转折关系，故用but。第十处：where→when　考查定语从句的引导词。此处先行词为atnight，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导。***9\n9