2022版高考英语一轮巩固达标练Unit1Alandofdiversity含解析新人教版选修8

Alandofdiversity李仕才***阅读理解。FidelCastrowasbornathisfather’sfarmonAugust13,1926.Hisfather,AngelCastro,wasamigranttoCubafromGalicia,NorthwestSpain.HehadbecomefinanciallysuccessfulbygrowingsugarcaneatLasManacasfarminBiran,OrienteProvince.Agedsix,CastrowassenttolivewithhisteacherinSantiagobeCuba,beforebeingbaptized(洗礼)intotheRomanCatholicChurchattheageofeight.BeingbaptizedenabledCastrotoattendthelaSalleboardingschoolinSantiago,whereheregularlymisbehaved,sohewassenttotheprivatelyfundedDoloresSchoolinSantiago.In1945hetransferredtoamorefamousschool,DeBeleninHavana.AlthoughCastrotookaninterestinhistory,geographyanddebatingatBelen,hedidnotexcelacademically,insteaddevotingmuchofhistimetoplayingsport.In1945,CastrobeganstudyinglawattheUniversityofHavana,wherehebecameinvolvedinstudentactivism,andtheviolentgangsterismculturewithintheuniversity.Passionateaboutanti-imperialismandopposingU.S.interferenceintheCaribbean,heunsuccessfullycampaignedforthepresidencyoftheFederationofUniversityStudentsonaplatformof“honesty,decencyandjustice”.CastrobecamecriticalofthecorruptionandviolenceofPresidentRamonGrau’sgovernment,deliveringapublicspeechonthesubjectinNovember1946thatreceivedcoverageonthefrontpageofseveralnewspapers.In1947,CastrojoinedthePartyoftheCubanPeople,foundedbyEduardoChibas.Chibasadvocatedsocialjustice,honestgovernment,andpoliticalfreedom,whilehispartyexposedcorruptionanddemandedreform.ThoughChibaslosttheelection,Castroremaineddevotedtoworkingonhisbehalf.Socialsituationbecomingworse,Castorsoonreceivedadeaththreaturginghimtoleavetheuniversity;refusing,hebegancarryingagunandsurroundinghimselfwitharmedfriends.1.Fromparagraph2,weknowthatFidelCastro_______.A.hadnointerestinhistory9\nB.performedverywellatschoolC.spendmuchtimeplayingsportD.attendedtheLaSalleboardingschoolbefore82.WhatistherightorderofthefollowingeventsrelatedtoFidelCastro?a.deliveredapublicspeechb.enteredtheUniversityofHavanac.joinedthePartyoftheCubanPeopled.transferredtofamousschool,DeBelenA.dbacB.abcdC.dabcD.acdb3.FidelCastrocarriedagunatuniversity_________A.tocatchpeople’sattentionB.tohangoutwithfriendforfunC.togetinvolvedinthepoliticalactivitiesD.todefendhimselfagainstthedeaththreat4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.thePartyoftheCubanPeopleB.FidelCastro’smisbehavioratschoolC.Cuba’spoliticalsituationsinthe1940sD.FidelCastro’searlylifeandpoliticalactivities【文章大意】本文介绍了古巴革命领袖FidelCastro的早期生活和政治活动。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句话“In1945hetransferredtoamorefamousschool,DeBeleninHavana.”可知d的时间为1945年；根据第三段第一句话中的“In1945,CastrobeganstudyinglawattheUniversityofHavana”可知b的时间为1945年，且在d之后发生；根据第三段最后一句话中的“…,deliveringapublicspeechonthesubjectinNovember1946”9\n可知a发生于1946年；根据最后一段第一句话中的“In1947,CastrojoinedthePartyoftheCubanPeople”可知c发生于1947年。正确顺序为dbac，故选A。4.D【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文介绍了古巴革命领袖FidelCastro的早期生活和政治活动，故选D。***语法填空。Creativityisamysteriousidea.Weseem__1__(feel)thatsomepeoplearenaturallycreative,butwedon'tknowhowtheygotthatway.Iscreativityanaturalgift,oris__2__somethingthatcan__3__(acquire)?Perhapsifweanalyzethecreativeprocess__4__(careful),wemightgetsomeinsight(洞察力)intowhatitisand__5__itmightworkinourlives.Thecreativeprocesshasalwaysbeenacceptedasthesourceofallimportantworkinthearts,butweshouldnotthinkthecreativityplaysapartonlyinthearts.Everymajorscientificdiscoverybeganwithsomeone__6__(imagine)theworlddifferentlyfromthewayotherssawit.Andthisis__7__creativityisallabout.Anddespitewhatyoumaybelieveaboutthelimitsofyourowncreativeimagination,weallhavethepotentialtoimaginetheworldin__8__absolutelynewway.Infact,youareborn__9__it.Andwhat'smore,youuseiteveryday.It'syourcreativemind__10__getsmeaningfromchaosofexperiencesandbringsordertoyourworld.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以获得？本文就这一话题展开了讨论。1．tofeel考查非谓语动词。我们感觉似乎某些人天生具有创造力。seemtodosth.“似乎要做某事”。2．it考查代词。创造力是天生的才华，还是后天也可以习得的？这里用it指代creativity。3．beacquired考查被动语态。先行词something和acquire之间是被动关系，又因为情态动词can后要用动词原形，故此空填beacquired。9\n4．carefully考查词性转换。也许如果我们仔细分析创造的过程，我们就会洞察到什么是创造力，它是如何在我们的生活中起作用的。这里用副词修饰动词analyze。5．how考查特殊疑问词。此处表述创造力是如何在我们生活中起作用的。由语义可知填how。6．imagining考查with的复合结构。每次重大的科学发现都以某个人以不同于其他人的方式看待这个世界开始。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此空填imagining。7．what考查名词性从句的连接词。创造力就是用一种新的方式想象世界。空格处引导表语从句并在从句中作介词about的宾语，故填连接代词what。8．an考查冠词。我们都有这种潜能，用一种全新的方式想象这个世界。absolutely的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an，表泛指。9．with考查介词。事实上，你天生具有创造力。bebornwith“生而具有”。10．that考查强调句。正是创造性思维使得你从混乱的经历中找到意义，给你的世界带来秩序。由强调句基本结构“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分”可确定答案。***完形填空。IwasdrivingtothegrocerystoreonawarmmorninginMay.IsmiledasIwatchedthegoldensunshine__1__offtheleaves.Itwassucha__2__andheavenlytime.Mycalmwasbroken，__3__，asIroundedacurve(拐弯处)．AhugeUHaultruckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline.IswervedasfarontothesideoftheroadasIcouldto__4__it.ItwasfollowedbynotonebuttwootherUHaultrucksjustas__5__.Iwonderedifallthestuffinsideofthem__6__thesameperson.Isloweddownmycarandwaitedformyheartrateto__7__.ItwasthenthatI__8__aselfstoragebusinessalongthesideofthehighway，buildingnewunitsforallthepeoplewhocouldn'tfittheir__9__intotheirhouses.Isawa(n)__10__couplecarryingboxesintooneoftheunits.Itseemed__11__thatacouplejustoutoftheirteenscouldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff.Ilostmyown__12__forowningstuffwhenahousefireinthemiddleofthenightdestroyedeverythingmyfamilyowned.TheonlythingIhadleftwastheunderwearIwaswearing.Yet，ourwholefamilyhadawakened__13__toescape.Intheweeksthatfollowedfriendsandfamilygaveusalotofstufftogetusbackonourfeet，butnoneofitseemedas__14__anymore.WhatwasimportantwasseeingMom'ssmile，givingNanaahugandakiss，andwatchingDadsnooze(打盹)inhischair__15__9\nahardday'swork.Whatwasimportantwasthestuffof__16__，notthestuffofthisworld.SincethenIhavetriedtolimitthethingsIwould__17__.Ididn'twanttoomuchstuffto__18__mylife.IwantedtoonlybuywhatIneededandtospendmydaysinlearning，growing，and__19__myfamilyandothers.IassumedthatonlybydoingsocouldImakemy__20__.1．A.appreciating　　　B．reflectingC．admiringD．releasing2．A.refreshingB．delightfulC．peacefulD．dynamic3．A.thoughB．tooC．anywayD．instead4．A.missB．rejectC．ignoreD．desert5．A.usefulB．largeC．newD．good6．A.turnedtoB．referredtoC．reactedtoD．belongedto7．A.beatB．pulseC．accelerateD．follow8．A.noticedB．thoughtC．didD．established9．A.furnitureB．boxesC．possessionsD．materials10．A.oldB．youngC．middleagedD．small11．A.curiousB．apparentC．certainD．obvious12．A.hopeB．talentC．faithD．taste13．A.inreturnB．inturnC．intimeD．invain14．A.affordableB．significantC．beneficialD．practical15．A.beforeB．in9\nC．afterD．during16．A.mindB．handC．headD．soul17．A.purchaseB．donateC．wasteD．need18．A.putupB．crowdupC．bringupD．setup19．A.helpingB．abusingC．lovingD．affecting20．A.nameB．dayC．worldD．way【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，并联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。1．B　根据“thegoldensunshine__1__offtheleaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光”。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；release“释放，发行”。2．C　根据空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故peaceful符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平静的，宁静的”；dynamic“动力的，有活力的”。3．A　根据空前的“Mycalmwasbroken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎样，无论如何”；instead“相反”。4．A　根据空前一句中的“truckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)”；reject“排斥，丢掉”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；desert“遗弃，丢弃”。5．B　根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选B。6．D　根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belongedto)同一个人。belongto“属于”；turnto“转向，求助于”；referto“参考，提到”；reactto“对……作出反应”。7．D　根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打”；pulse“跳动，搏动”；accelerate“加速，增加”。9\n8．A　该句中的Itwasthenthat是强调句型，意思是“就在那时”。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，创办”。9．C　根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备”；material“材料”。10．B　根据空后一句中的“acouplejustoutoftheirteens”可知，此处young“年轻的”符合语境。middleaged“中年的”。11．A　根据该句中的“couldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff(可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明显的，显然的”。12．D　根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望”；talent“才能，天资”；faith“信仰，信念”。13．C　根据空前的“hadawakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(intime)醒来逃了出去。inreturn“作为回报”；inturn“反过来，轮流”；invain“徒劳”。14．B　根据空后的“Whatwasimportantwas”和空前的“noneofit”可知，空处所填词与important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“实用的”。15．C　根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后(after)。16．D　根据空前的“Whatwasimportantwasthestuffof”及空后的“notthestuffofthisworld”可知，空处所填词与“thisworld”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力”。17．A　根据上文中的“notthestuffofthisworld”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选A。donate“捐赠”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。18．B　根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowdup符合语境。putup“张贴，搭建”；bringup“抚养，养育，提出”；setup“建立”。19．C　根据空后的“myfamilyandothers”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和他人”，故选C。abuse“滥用”；affect“影响”。20．B　根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。makesb.'sday为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴”。***短文改错。9\nDearJack，I'msorrytohearthatyoufailedinthelastfinalmathexam,butwhichworriesmemostisthatyouareinlowspiritwhenfacingfailure.Asseniorthreestudents,weallhadtakenexaminationsofdifferenttypesandexperiencedfailureaswellassuccess.Itisnodoubtthatweshouldtakepositiveattitudestowardsoursetbacks.Weshouldsparenoefforttoanalyzingthecauseoffailure,whichcanhelpusescaperepeatingthesimilarmistakes.Onlywhenwefigureoutwhywefailcanwemakeaprogressinourstudy.Asforyouranxiety,Ithinkdoingsomesportscandogoodforyou.Itcangiveyousometimetoberefreshinginnotonlythebodybutalsothemindsothatwecangoonwithyourlearningenergeticallyandefficiently.Ihopealloftheabovecanhelpyoualot.Let'sworkhardlytogetherandturnourdreamintoreality.Yours，LiHua答案：DearJack，I'msorrytohearthatyoufailedinthelastfinalmathexam,butworriesmemostisthatyouareinlowwhenfacingfailure.Asseniorthreestudents,wealltakenexaminationsofdifferenttypesandexperiencedfailureaswellassuccess.isnodoubtthatweshouldtakepositiveattitudestowardsoursetbacks.Weshouldsparenoefforttothecauseoffailure,whichcanhelpusescaperepeatingthesimilarmistakes.Onlywhenwefigureoutwhywefailcanwemakeprogressinourstudy.Asforyouranxiety,Ithinkdoingsomesportscandogoodyou.Itcangiveyousometimetobeinnotonlythebodybutalsothemindsothatcangoonwithyourlearningenergeticallyandefficiently.9\nIhopealloftheabovecanhelpyoualot.Let'sworktogetherandturnourdreamintoreality.Yours，LiHua难项分析：第一处：which→what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从句，表示“所……的事”，故用what。第二处：spirit→spirits　考查名词的数。inlowspirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。第四处：It→There　考查固定句式。Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问，……”，是固定句型。***9