2022版高考英语一轮基础达标选题Unit1Alandofdiversity含解析新人教版选修8

Alandofdiversity李仕才一、阅读理解。 Imaginethis.Youarevisitingabeautifulmountainsomewhereinthecountryside.Partofthetriptakesyouupasteepmountaincliff.Atthetop,visitorscanstepoutontoasee­throughwalkway.Thespecialglassfloorhangsabout1,000metersabovesealevel.   Soundsexciting,right?Butthen,partofthefloorbreaks.Thereisaloudnoise,andsomeoftheglassappearstobreakup.ThatiswhattouristsexperiencedrecentlyduringavisittoYuntaiMountaininChina'sHenanprovince.   Theglassskywalkhadonlybeenopenforafewweeks.TheYuntaiMountainGeologicalParksaidtherewasnoreasonforworryandthatthecrackshadnoimpactonsafety.Butonlinediscussionsaboutthisincidentshowsomepeoplewereofadifferentopinion.  GlassskywalkshavebecomepopularinmanyofChina'stouristareas.ButcriticssayChinahasanissuewithpoortechnologyandpoorcrowdcontrol.Peoplejokedonlinethatthesettingupoftheseglasswalkwaysandskywaysarenotclear.Othersaresayingthatthisisnothingtolaughabout.OnecommentonthesocialmediasiteWeibosaid,“Thisisnojoke.Tourismistakingyourlifeinyourownhands.Nomoreoftheseglasswalkways.Justtooscary.”   TheNewYorkTimesreportedthatastoryabouttheglasscrackingappearedonthesocialmediasiteWeibo.Atouristclaimedthatapieceofglassbrokeandpeoplebeganshouting“it'sreallybroken,reallybroken.”Thispersonthensaidpeoplebeganrunningandpushingpeopleinfrontofthem.9\n   TheYuntaiMountainofficialssaidthecrackswerenotserious.Theofficialssaidthattomakesurepeoplefeel100percentsafe,theyhavedecidedtoclosethewalkwaytemporarilyuntilrepairsaremade.1.Whatisuniqueaboutthewalkway?A.Itisstrongenoughtowalkon.B.Ithangshighaboutsealevel.C.Itlieshighonthemountain.D.Itismadeofglass.2.WhathappenedtotheglasswalkwaybuiltinYuntaiMountain?A.Somepartofitbroke.B.Itbrokeupwithaloudnoise.C.Partofthefloorfelloff.D.Ithurtsometouristsonit.3.HowdidtheYuntaiMountainGeologicalParkthinkofitspresentglasswalkway?A.Dangerous.B.Safe.C.Worrying.D.Interesting.4.Howwilltheparkdealwithitsglasswalkway?A.Rebuildit.B.Removeit.C.Haveitrepaired.D.Leaveitasitis.参考答案：1.D;2.A;3.B;4.C解析：1.[细节理解题。人行道由玻璃制造,与众不同,非常奇特。由第一段最后两句得出。]2.[推理判断题。河南云台山建的玻璃桥有部分发生破裂。由第二段得出。]3.[细节理解题。云台山地质公园认为,目前玻璃人行道是安全的。由第三段第二句得出。]4.[细节理解题。公园方面表示要修复玻璃通道。由最后一段最后一句得出。]二、单句语法填空1．Theyarelikely________(fire)bythecompanyjustbecauseoftheirfault.9\n答案：tobefired　Sb.belikelytodosth.“某人可能做某事”。主语they与fire之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。2．Themajorityoftheinterviewees________(prefer)watchingTVathometogoingtothecinema.答案：prefer　themajorityof...作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。由interviewees可知谓语动词应用复数形式。3．Itsuddenlyoccurred________himthatheshouldadoptthehomelesschild.答案：to　It(suddenly)occurred/occurstosb.that...“某人突然想起某事”。4．Whoeverbreakstheschoolruleswillsurelyreceive________(punish)．答案：punishment　句中动词receive后缺宾语，故应填名词punishment作宾语。5．Weshouldnothave________(race)discrimination.答案：racial　句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词discrimination,故填racial“种族的”。6．Shebecamethefirstblackwoman________(elect)totheSenate.答案：tobeelected　当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且elect与blackwoman之间为被动关系，故填tobeelected。7．Hecouldn'texpresshimselfcorrectly________meansofwords.答案：by　bymeansof...“借助于；用……；通过……方法”。8．She________(slip)outofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.答案：slipped　句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态were可知，应用一般过去时。9．________(hire)acar,youmustproduceapassportandacurrentdrivinglicense.答案：Tohire　句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。10．Bythetimesheknewthenews,John________(fly)toAmerica.答案：hadflown　由Bythetime引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，故应填hadflown。三、完形填空。阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。SixyearoldMatthewParkerwasinneedofakidney(肾)transplant，andhisfamilylookedalloverthecountryforasuitabledonor.Upto80peoplesignedup9\nto__1__alivingorgantothefirstgrader.Coincidentally，thepersonchosentodonateakidneytoMatthewwashis__2__，LindesyPainter.Matthewhadbeenonthetransplantmachinefora__3__timeanddevelopedantibodies(抗体)tomostkidneys，soitwas__4__tofindamatchforhim.Thedoctorhad__5__thefamilytobe“realistic”andusedtheterm“needleinahaystack”severaltimes.When__6__wereaskedtobetested，Painterwasthefirstonetosignup.__7__theteacherlearnedtheresults，shehadtogetseveral__8__done.Shewas__9__whenshegotacallbacksayingshewasa“__10__match”．Painterdidn'tmakethe__11__lightly.SheknewthatMatthewneedsakidney，andshehadpity__12__anyonegoingthroughthis.Itwasespeciallydifficultforherto__13__thecondition__14__oneofhertwosons.“Iwatchmyhealthy，__15__，loud，wildchildrenrunningaround，”shesaid.“Matthewdeservesto__16__anormal，healthy，activelifelikemyboys.”Matthewwassoexcitedto__17__thathisteacherwouldbedonatingakidneytohimthathehuggedher.Hismotherwas__18__gratefultoLindseyPainter，sayingherson'sdonorwasa“selfless”and“givingperson”for__19__herson.The__20__forthekidneydonationtookplaceinthefollowingmonth.Matthew'smothersaid，“Myson'snewkidneymeansaspecialbondbetweenstudentandteacherthatgoesfarbeyondtheclassroom.”1．A.giveupB．giveoffC．giveinD．givedown2．A.motherB．deskmateC．friendD．teacher3．A.longB．shortC．limitedD．good4．A.easyB．difficultC．convenientD．quick5．A.accusedB．stoppedC．warnedD．blamed6．A.studentsB．doctorsC．nursesD．volunteers7．A.AfterB．BeforeC．WhenD．Until9\n8．A.testsB．preparationsC．lessonsD．worries9．A.frightenedB．pleasedC．astonishedD．annoyed10．A.eagerB．rareC．commonD．perfect11．A.progressB．practiceC．mistakeD．decision12．A.forB．onC．toD．in13．A.imagineB．pretendC．supportD．waste14．A.threateningB．occurringC．affectingD．informing15．A.passiveB．activeC．tiringD．boring16．A.sufferB．surviveC．bearD．live17．A.feelB．learnC．wonderD．suppose18．A.deeplyB．crazilyC．noisilyD．quietly19．A.sharingB．beatingC．savingD．discovering20．A.operationsB．packagesC．storiesD．struggles【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。六岁的MatthewParker需要合适的肾源做肾移植手术。巧合的是，在这些愿意捐肾的志愿者当中，MatthewParker的老师是最佳人选。学生和老师被这个肾脏紧密联系在一起。1．A　考查动词短语辨析。根据文章第一句中的“inneedofakidney(肾)transplant”可知，MatthewParker需要做肾脏移植手术，因此这里指有80个人愿意捐肾。giveup意为“放弃，让与”，在此处指“捐出”，符合语境。故选A。2．D　考查名词辨析。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“histeacherwouldbedonatingakidneytohim”可知，被选定捐肾的人是MatthewParker的老师。故选D。9\n3．A　考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“developedantibodies(抗体)tomostkidneys”以及下文医生的警告可知，MatthewParker已经等了很长时间了。long意为“长的”，符合语境。故选A。4．B　考查形容词辨析。根据下一句“Thedoctorhad________thefamilytobe‘realistic’andusedtheterm‘needleinahaystack’severaltimes.”可知，很难找到合适的肾源。difficult意为“困难的”，符合语境。故选B。5．C　考查动词辨析。根据医生所说的内容可知，医生是在警告和提醒他们。warn意为“提醒，警告”，符合语境。故选C。6．D　考查名词辨析。根据第一段第二句“Upto80peoplesignedupto________alivingorgantothefirstgrader.”可知，此处指这些志愿者被要求做配型试验。volunteer意为“志愿者”，符合语境。故选D。7．B　考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指老师在得知配型试验的结果之前。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。故选B。8．A　考查名词辨析。根据第三段第一句中的“When________wereaskedtobetested”可知，老师在得知结果之前，已经做了几次配型试验。test意为“试验”，符合语境。故选A。9．C　考查形容词辨析。根据上文可知，老师之前做过配型试验，但都没有成功，因此当得知这次配型成功时，老师应该会很惊讶。astonished意为“感到惊讶的”，符合语境。故选C。10．D　考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知，做配型试验是为了找到最合适的肾源。perfect意为“最佳的，合适的”，符合语境。故选D。11．D　考查名词辨析。根据下文可知，Painter并不是轻率地就做了这个决定。makedecision意为“做决定”，符合语境。故选D。12．B　考查固定搭配。havepityon...是固定搭配，意为“同情……”。故选B。13．A　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指Painter很难想象自己的两个儿子也碰到类似的状况，因为她的孩子并没有患病。imagine意为“想象，假设”，符合语境。故选A。14．C　考查动词辨析。此处指Painter很难想象这种状况会影响自己的儿子。affect意为“影响”，符合语境。故选C。15．B　考查形容词辨析。空格处和“healthy”并列，应为褒义词。active意为“活跃的，充满活力的”，符合语境。故选B。16．D　考查动词辨析。livea．..life是固定搭配，意为“过着……的生活”。故选D。9\n17．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，当Matthew得知是自己的老师要给他捐肾时，他非常激动。learn意为“获悉，得知”，符合语境。故选B。18．A　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，Matthew的母亲非常感激Painter老师。deeply意为“很，非常”，表示程度。故选A。19．C　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，Painter老师捐出自己的肾脏，挽救了Matthew的生命。save意为“挽救”。符合语境。故选C。20．A　考查名词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指在接下来的这个月，Matthew要做肾脏移植手术。operation意为“手术”，符合语境。故选A。四、单句改错1．Thisisbelievedthathardworkcanleadtosuccess.______________________________________________________答案：This→It　Itisbelievedthat...“人们相信……”，其中it为形式主语。2．AnideaoccurredmewhenIwaswalkinginthepark.______________________________________________________答案：occurred后加to　sth.occurs/occurredtosb.“某人突然想起某事”。3．AgreatmanyofpeoplegainagreatdealofinformationfromtheInternet.______________________________________________________答案：去掉第一个of　agreat/goodmany直接修饰可数名词复数，只有当名词前有限定词the/these/those/one's等时，才用agreat/goodmanyof短语。4．Weregrettoinformyouthatourcompanyhashiredonanothergirlforthejobofsecretary.______________________________________________________答案：去掉on　hire“雇用；租用”，为及物动词，后面不需加介词。5．Theywillcarryouttheplaninthismeans.______________________________________________________答案：in→by　bythismeans“用这种方法”。五、七选五HowtoUseSocialMediaPositivelyNowadayssocommonissocialmediainoursocietythatalmosteveryoneisconnectedtosomeformofit,whetheritisTwitter,FacebookorevenPinterest.Weareinafastpaced,technologicallyevolvingsocietyandweareaddictedtosocialmedia.1.Sohowdoesoneensureapositiveonlinereputation?It’ssimple：9\nKeepitclean.Partyphotoswithalcoholareanabsolutenono.Wouldyouwanttohaveyourbossseethesephotos?2.Makesuretopostcontentsthatyoufeelpositivelyreflectyou，yourcreativityandyourskills.3．YouhaveaprivateTwitteraccountsocanyoupostanythingyouwant?Thisisdecidedlynotthecase.Privacysettingsmakeithardertoseeyourfullaccount,butit’snotimpossible.Undernocircumstanceshouldyourelyonprivacysettingsasawaytoprotectinappropriatecontents.Ensureyou’recarefulandprofessional.Keepitclassy(优等的)!Discoveryourbrand,orwhatyouwantpeopletothinkofyou.Properspellingandgrammarisalwaysaplus,butitmaynotbeyourbrand.4.Inthisway,youcanearnapproval.Followthesesimplerulesandyou’reonyourwaytobuilding,orrestoringanonlinereputation.Usingsocialmediapositivelydoesn’tmeanyoucan’thavefunanduseittoexpressyourself;however，youwanttoensurethatyou’reOKwithanyoneseeingeverythingyoupost.5.Soyourpostcangetyourfriendsactiveandhappy.Likeitornot,yoursocialnetworksreflectyou—makesureyoulookliketheshiningstarthatyoutrulyare.A．Trytodoeverythingaswellasyoucan.B．Infact，welongforsocialmediaandneedit.C．Socialmediaisveryfasttousebutverydifficult.D．Don’ttrustprivacysettingsatall.E．Beentirelysureaboutwhatyou’reposting.F．Onceyouclickpost,there’snolookingback.G．Makesureyourpostiswrittenpersonally.【解题导语】　如今，几乎每个人都与社交媒体有某种程度的联系，而本文就如何积极利用社交媒体提出了几条建议。1．B　解析：根据设空前的“Weareinafastpaced，technologicallyevolvingsocietyandweareaddictedtosocialmedia.”可知，在这个快节奏的、技术不断发展的社会中，我们都痴迷于社交媒体，下文就如何在社交媒体保持积极的网络信誉提出了几点建议，故B项(事实上，我们渴望和需要社交媒体。)符合语境。9\n2．E　解析：根据设空后的“Makesuretopostcontentsthatyoufeelpositivelyreflectyou，yourcreativityandyourskills.”可知，此处指要确保你发出的帖子能够反映你积极的一面，即要确保你发帖子的内容。故选E项。3．D　解析：设空处为本段的主题句，根据本段出现的private，Privacysettings及最后一句“Undernocircumstanceshouldyourelyonprivacysettings...”可知，本段是在提醒人们不要完全指望隐私设置。故选D项，该选项中的privacysettings与之呼应。4．A　解析：根据本段主题句“Ensureyou’recarefulandprofessional.”及本段中的“Discoveryourbrand...Properspellingandgrammar...”可知，我们要尽力把每一方面都做好。故选A项。5．F　解析：根据设空前的“however，youwanttoensurethatyou’reOKwithanyoneseeingeverythingyoupost”可知，你要确保任何人看到你所发出的东西都可以接受，与F项(帖子一旦发出，就不能收回了)形成对比。9