2022版高考英语大二轮复习第二部分阅读理解专题十二人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+七选五+短文改错优选习题

专题十二　人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+七选五+短文改错Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022安徽合肥二模)Semi-retiredadvertisingagencyownerStephenThomas,58,hasbeeninvestingonandoffforthepast30years.HemademoneyinthedotcomboombutgothisfingersburnedwhenthebubbleburstinMarch2000.Whenhegotaccesstohispensionhedecidedtostartinvestingagain,thistimewiththehelpofhissonSam.NowthetwomeetupmostafternoonsatStephen’shomeinSandbach,Cheshiretotalkaboutinvestments.Thedaystartsat7amwhenSamlooksatcompanyannouncementsonline.Theseregulatoryannouncementscanincludeafirm’saccounts,generalupdatesornewsofmergers(合并)oracquisitions.Samflagsupcompaniesthathethinkslookinterestingtohisdadwhothendoessomemoreresearch. EachhasanISA(IndividualSavingsAccount)withAJBell,whichtheyusetobuyindividualstocksandshares.ItisariskywaytoinvestbutthetwolikedoingtheirownresearchoncompaniesandStephenmakesanefforttogotoinvestorpresentationsandtrytomeettheCEOanddirectorsofthefirmstheyinvestinandtospeaktootherinvestorsinthecompanies.Theyhaveinvestedinoilcompaniesandpetcarebusinesses,tonamejustafew.Butwhiletheinvestmentsofthetwomenaresimilar,theydohavedifferentapproaches.WhileSamlikestoholdsharesforthelongtermasheissavingmoneyforhisfutureretirement,Stephenlikestobuywithanyprofitshemakes.Samsays,“WedonotarguebecausewehaveseparateISAs.Itmeansfinallywemakeourowndecisionsaboutwhichsharestoinvestin.Theonlytimewemighthavea10\ndisagreementiswhenwebothwanttousetheloginforthenewsserviceatthesametime.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文介绍山姆和他父亲的投资策略。他们在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。1.WhathappenedtoStephenin2000?　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Hehadtoretirefromtheagency.B.Hegaveawayallhispensions.C.Hegotinjuredinanaccident.D.Hesufferedalossinhisinvestment.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“HemademoneyinthedotcomboombutgothisfingersburnedwhenthebubbleburstinMarch2000.”可知,在2000年他的投资蒙受了损失。故选D项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“flagsup”inParagraph2mean?A.Marks.B.Abandons.C.Takesover.D.Setsup.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Theseregulatoryannouncementscanincludeafirm’saccounts,generalupdatesornewsofmergers(合并)oracquisitions.”可知,这些监管公告可以包括公司的账目、一般的更新、合并或收购的消息。再根据第二段最后一句“Samflagsupcompaniesthathethinkslookinterestingtohisdadwhothendoessomemoreresearch.”可知,山姆把那些他认为他父亲会感兴趣的公司标记出来,他父亲会再做一些研究。由此可知,画线部分的意思是“做标记”,故选A项。3.HowdidStephenusuallyconducthisownresearch?A.Bymeetingclientsandotherinvestors.B.Bypredictingthetrendofthemarket.C.Byanalyzingsomeresearchdata.D.Bydoingongoinginterviewsonline.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“...StephenmakesanefforttogotoinvestorpresentationsandtrytomeettheCEOanddirectorsofthefirmstheyinvestinandtospeaktootherinvestorsinthecompanies.”可知Stephen通过会见公司总裁和其他投资者来指导自己的研究。故选A项。4.InwhataspectdoSamandhisfathershareininvestment?A.Thewaytodealwiththereturn.B.Thepercentageofthesharestheyhold.C.Theenthusiasmfortheinvestment.10\nD.Theapproachtostockmarketresearch.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“WedonotarguebecausewehaveseparateISAs.Itmeansfinallywemakeourowndecisionsaboutwhichsharestoinvestin.”可知,山姆和他的父亲在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。可知答案为C项。B(2022山西太原二模)EverydaywhenGlenOliverordershismorningcoffeeatthedrive-throughwindowofalocalcafe,heinsistsonpayingfortheorderofthepersonbehindhim.Healsoaskstherestaurantworkerstotellthecustomertohaveagreatday,incasethey’renotalreadyhavingone.OliverhasnevermadeabigdealoutofhisowngenerousactionsuntilaletterwaspublishedbyanewswebsiteinNovember.Hefoundoutthathehadnotjustboughtsomeonehisbreakfast—hehadsavedalife.Accordingtothewebsite,someonehadwrittenaletterstatingthatonJuly18th,hewasplanningoncommittingsuicide.Thewritersaidthatwhilehewasatthedrive-throughwindow,hewasplanningongoinghome,writinganoteandendinghislife.Whenhewenttopayforhiscoffeeandmuffin,however,thecashiertoldhimthatthemanintheSUVinfrontofhimhadpickedupthetabandtoldhimtohaveagreatday. “Iwonderedwhysomeonewouldbuycoffeeforastrangerfornoreason,”saidthewriter.“Whyme?Whytoday?IfIwereareligiousman,Iwouldtakethisasasign.Thisrandomactofkindnesswasdirectedatmeonthisdayforapurpose.”Whenthewriterarrivedhome,hecouldn’tholdbackhistearsandstartedtothinkaboutthesimplegooddeedthathadaffectedhimsodeeply.“Idecidedatthatmomenttochangemyplansforthedayanddosomethingniceforsomeone.Iendeduphelpinganeighbortakegroceriesoutofhercarandintothehouse.”Thewritersaysthatinthemonthsfollowingthatfatefulevent,hedoesatleastonekindthingforotherseveryday.“TothenicemanintheSUV,thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.Pleaseknowyourkindgesturehastrulysavedalife,”hesaid.“OnJuly18,2022,Ihadthegreatestday.”【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。GlenOliver每天早上为在他后面排队的人买早餐,他的善举无意中挽救了一个想自杀的人的生命。5.WhatisOliver’sactofkindnesseveryday?A.Buyingothersbreakfast.B.Greetingrestaurantworkers.C.Publishingpositivenews.10\nD.Takinggroceriesforneighbors.答案A解析细节推理题。根据第一段“EverydaywhenGlenOliverordershismorningcoffeeatthedrive-throughwindowofalocalcafe,heinsistsonpayingfortheorderofthepersonbehindhim.”可知,GlenOliver每天早上为在他后面排队的人买早餐,故选A项。6.WhatisspecialaboutOliver’sactofkindnessonJuly18,2022?A.Itbroughthimthank-youletters.B.Itwasreportedonanewswebsite.C.Itwasthefirsttimehe’dpaidforothers.D.Itstoppedsomeonefromkillinghimself.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段“Hefoundoutthathehadnotjustboughtsomeonehisbreakfast—hehadsavedalife.”和第三段“...someonehadwrittenaletterstatingthatonJuly18th,hewasplanningoncommittingsuicide.”故事介绍和下文“Idecidedatthatmomenttochangemyplansforthedayanddosomethingniceforsomeone.”可知,2022年7月18日GlenOliver的善举使一个人放弃了要自杀的想法,并决定也为别人做好事。故选D项。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pickedupthetab”meaninParagraph3?A.Paidthebill.B.Parkedthecar.C.Leftamessage.D.Orderedadrink.答案A解析词义猜测题。此处指当这个人为早餐结账时,收银员告诉他,坐在他前面的越野车里的那个人已经给他买了单,与第一段“...heinsistsonpayingfortheorderofthepersonbehindhim.”呼应,pickedupthetab指付款买单,与paidthebill同义,故选A项。8.Howdidthewriteroftheletterfeelaftertheevent?A.Hefeltguilty.B.Hefeltgrateful.C.Hefeltconfused.D.Hefeltsaddened.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“TothenicemanintheSUV,thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart.”可知,写信者非常感激GlenOliver,故选B项。C(2022安徽皖南八校第二次联考)InhighschoolIwasveryshy,contenttohangaroundwithmysmallgroupoffriendsandtoconcentrateonmycourses.Iwasquicklylabeleda“brain”.IdidsowellthatbytheendofsenioryearIhadperfectgradesandenoughcollegecreditstogiveupanentirequarterofcoursework.10\nButinearlyJuneofsenioryear,theprincipalcalledmeintotheoffice.Heaskedmetogiveaspeechatthegraduation.Igaped(目瞪口呆地凝视)athim,myheartthumping.Thiswastherewardformyhardwork?Imumbledsomethingandfledtheoffice,blamingmyselfforstayingawayfromphysics,asubjectsuretohavebrokenupmyperfectrecord.Ifinallyagreedtoacompromise.Iwouldsharethehonorwithfiveotherstudents.IagreedtointroducemyfriendJudy,whowouldthengiveherown,full-lengthspeech.Graduationdaysoonarrived.I’dbeenpracticingmyspeechfordays,andIhaditmemorized.Thefirsthalfhouroftheceremonypassedinablur,andthenmymomentcame.Mynamewasannounced.Imanagedtoreachthepodiumwithoutfallingdown.Ifacedmyclassmates.Myvoicetrembledalittle,butmostlyitwasclearandstrong.Butwithinseconds,Iwasdoneandheadingbacktomyseat.IaccomplishedsomethingI’dneverdreamedof—Ispokeinfrontofhundredsofpeople.AlthoughIdidn’trealizeitatthetime,thesuccessfulcompletionofthatspeechgavemetheconfidencetoparticipateinclassatcollege,togiveverbalreports,andtoeventuallybreakfreeofmyshyness.Ineverwouldhavechosentogiveaspeechatgraduation—orever.ButI’mgladIdid.InolongerhesitatewhenI’mfacedwiththeprospectofdoingsomethingIdread.Iknowitmayverywellturnouttobeoneofmyshiningmoments.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了第一次演讲的起因、经过和结果以及对自己以后的积极影响。9.Whywasthewritercalleda“brain”?A.Shewasabookwormallthetime.B.Shewastheheadofhersmallgroup.C.Shewasthemostintelligentstudent.D.Shedidmorecourseworkforgoodgrades.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段“...concentrateonmycourses.Iwasquicklylableda‘brain’.IdidsowellthatbytheendofsenioryearIhadperfectgradesandenoughcollegecreditstogiveupanentirequarterofcoursework.”可知作者上学时学习努力,成绩很好,是最聪明努力的学生。所以被称为“brain”,故选C项。10.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A.Sheruinedherhealthbystudyinghard.B.Shegottherewardbeyondexpectation.C.Shewasgratefulforgivingaspeech.D.Shewasn’tgoodatphysicsatschool.答案D10\n解析推理判断题。根据第二段“...blamingmyselfforstayingawayfromphysics,asubjectsuretohavebrokenupmyperfectrecord.”可知作者的物理成绩不好,打破了她的完美记录。故选D项。11.Howdidtheauthorfeelatthebeginningofthegraduationspeech?A.Scared.B.Moved.C.Excited.D.Embarrassed.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段“Imanagedtoreachthepodiumwithoutfallingdown.Ifacedmyclassmates.Myvoicetrembledalittle,butmostlyitwasclearandstrong.”可知毕业演讲开始的时候作者脚步不稳,声音发抖,非常害怕。故选A项。12.Whatdidthespeechbringtotheauthoratlast?A.Shehadnothingtofearinlife.B.Shegotridofhersenseofshyness.C.Shewonenoughcollegecredits.D.Shedesiredtobecomeaspeaker.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“...thesuccessfulcompletionofthatspeechgavemetheconfidencetoparticipateinclassatcollege,togiveverbalreports,andtoeventuallybreakfreeofmyshyness.”可知这次演讲给了作者在大学里参与课堂、发表口头报告的信心,并最终使作者摆脱羞怯。故选B项。D(2022江西八所重点中学联考)Humansandgorillassharedevolutionfor23millionyears.Theirpathsseparatedonlysixmillionyearsago.Researchonhowgorillascommunicatecanhelpusunderstandhumanlanguagedevelopment.Understandinghowthebrainworkshelpsusseeaconnectionbetweenlanguagedevelopmentandnon-verbalsigns.Thesesignsormovementsincludethingslikethewaywemoveourhandsorbodiesorthedifferentexpressionsourfaceshaveindifferentsocialsituations.Anewstudyongorillasshowedthattherightsideofthebodyiscontrolledbytheleftpartofthebrainanditisalsothelocationforlanguagedevelopment.Twocameraswereusedtofilmallofoneape’smovements.Oneofthefirstresultswasthatgorillasusetheirrighthandsmorewhentheyaredoingactionswiththeirheadsormouthsatthesametime.Thisshowsthatthereisaconnectionbetweenhowourbrainworksandthereasonweuseonesideofourbodymorethantheother.Inaddition,wecanusetheresultsofthestudyandourknowledgeaboutbrainstohelpusunderstandmoreabouthowlanguagefirstdevelopedinhumans.10\nDrForrester,whodidthestudy,saystheresultscanbeusefulinotherways,suchasunderstandinglanguagedevelopmentinchildren.Forexample,somechildrenhaveseriousillnesscalled“autism”whichcanstopthemcommunicatingnormallywithpeople.Itmightbepossibletousethesamestudymethodtofindoutwhichchildrenhavethisillnesswhentheyareveryyoung.Doctorswillthenbeabletostarttreatmentearly.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普文。文章介绍了大猩猩研究的新发现。通过研究大猩猩如何交流可以帮助我们了解人类语言的发展。13.Whichofthefollowingmayhaveaconnectionwithright-handedness?A.Communication.B.Intelligence.C.Socialposition.D.Socialsuccess.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Anewstudyongorillasshowedthattherightsideofthebodyiscontrolledbytheleftpartofthebrainanditisalsothelocationforlanguagedevelopment.”可知,大猩猩惯用右手可能和沟通交流有关系。故选A项。14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Therightsideofthebody.B.Themouth.C.Theleftpartofthebrain.D.Thefrontpartofthehead.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Anewstudyongorillasshowedthattherightsideofthebodyiscontrolledbytheleftpartofthebrainanditisalsothelocationforlanguagedevelopment.”可知,it代指前面的theleftpartofthebrain。故选C项。15.Whomightbenefitmostfromtheresultsofthestudy?A.Photographersofgorillas.B.Zookeepers.C.Researchersonmovement.D.Childrenwithcertainillness.答案D解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容“DrForrester,whodidthestudy,saystheresultscanbeusefulinotherways,suchasunderstandinglanguagedevelopmentinchildren.”以及下面的例子可知,研究结果可能帮助那些有某种疾病的孩子。故选D项。16.Wecaninferfromthetextthatgorillas　　　. A.prefertousetherighthandinsteadofthelefthandB.haveacomplexformofnon-verbalcommunicationC.helpusbetterdevelopourlanguageabilitiesD.sharethesamebodylanguagewithhumans答案B10\n解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Anewstudyongorillasshowedthattherightsideofthebodyiscontrolledbytheleftpartofthebrainanditisalsothelocationforlanguagedevelopment.”可以推断,大猩猩有一种复杂的非语言交际形式。故选B项。Ⅱ.七选五(2022江西赣州一模)Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandeconomy,socialmediaisbecomingoneofthefastest-growingindustriesintoday’sworld.AstudyconductedbytheUSPewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.　1　 ChangingrelationshipsHighschoolstudentEllyCooperfromIllinoissaidsocialmediaoftenreducesface-to-facecommunication.“Itmakesface-to-facerelationshipsharderbecauseofpeople’sattentiongiventotheirphonesinsteadoftheirfriends,”Coopersaid.　2　BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.HecurrentlylivesinScotland,butthey’restillabletofrequentlycommunicatewitheachother.“IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI’mtalkingtoviaFaceTime,”Kaplansaid. Wantingtobe“liked”　3　The19-year-oldEssenaO’NeillannouncedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshewasemittingsocialmediabecauseitmadeherunabletostopthinkingaboutappearingperfectonline.　4　Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan’thelpbutfeelhurt. 　5　 However,ArminKorsos,astudentfromIllinois,takesadvantageofthecommentshereceivesoversocialmediatoimprovehisvideosonthesocialnetworkingsiteYouTube.“Socialmediacanhelppeopleshowthemselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythathasneverbeenpossiblebefore,”Korsossaid.A.Openingnewdoors.B.Teenagers’attitudetowardssocialmedia.C.Negativecommentscanalsodogreatdamagetoateenager’sself-respect.D.Thewidespreadofsocialmediahaschangednearlyallpartsofteenagers’lives.E.However,thesocialmediaisbeneficialtolong-distancefriends.F.Theriseofsocialmediahaschangedthewayteenagersseethemselves.G.Yet,somethinkwithsocialmedia,it’seasiertostartrelationshipswithanyonefromanywhere.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了社交媒体的广泛传播,在很多方面改变了青少年的生活。10\n1.D　“AstudyconductedbytheUSPewResearchCentershowedthat92percentofteenagersgoonlinedaily.”这里提到了青少年上网的问题,故选D项。社交媒体的广泛传播,几乎改变了青少年的生活。2.G　由“BethKaplanfromIllinoismetherlong-distancefriendthroughsocialmedia.HecurrentlylivesinScotland,butthey’restillabletofrequentlycommunicatewitheachother.‘IcanfeelclosetosomeonethatI’mtalkingtoviaFaceTime,’Kaplansaid.”可知这里的意思是但是有些人认为,通过社交媒体可以和任何地方的任何人交朋友,选G项。3.F　由“The19-year-oldEssenaO’NeillannouncedonthesocialnetworkingserviceInstagramthatshewasemittingsocialmediabecauseitmadeherunabletostopthinkingaboutappearingperfectonline.”可知这里的意思是社交媒体的崛起改变了青少年看待自己的方式,选F项。4.C　由“Teenagerswhogetnegativecommentscan’thelpbutfeelhurt.”可知这里的意思是负面的评论会对青少年的自尊造成巨大的伤害,选C项。5.A　由“‘Socialmediacanhelppeopleshowthemselvesandtheirtalentstotheworldinawaythathasneverbeenpossiblebefore,’Korsossaid.”可知这段的标题是打开新的门,选A项。Ⅲ.短文改错(2022黑龙江大庆一模)Yesterday,TomandIwerewalkingdownthestreetwhenwesawtheoldmanfalloffhisbike.Isuggestedwecarriedtheoldmantohospital,andTomdidnotagree.HehadlearntfirstaidsoIsaidthattheoldmanmustn’tbemoving.Weshouldleavehimwhathewasandcheckhimfirst.Seeingthattheoldmanwasn’tbreathing,TomasksmetocalltheFirst-AidCenterandheusedthemouth-to-mouthwaymaketheoldmanbreathe.Soontheoldmanbegantomoveonalittleandthedoctorsalsoarrived.Theysaidwhatwehaddonewereright.答案Yesterday,TomandIwerewalkingdownthestreetwhenwesawtheanoldmanfalloffhisbike.Isuggestedwecarriedcarrytheoldmantohospital,andbutTomdidnotagree.HehadlearntfirstaidsoIhesaidthattheoldmanmustn’tbemovingmoved.Weshouldleavehimwhatwherehewasandcheckhimfirst.Seeingthattheoldmanwasn’tbreathing,TomasksaskedmetocalltheFirst-AidCenterandheusedthemouth-to-mouthway∧tomaketheoldmanbreathe.Soontheoldmanbegantomove10\nonalittleandthedoctorsalsoarrived.Theysaidwhatwehaddonewerewasright.10