2022版高考英语大二轮复习第五部分书面表达专题二十人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达优选习题

专题二十人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+书面表达Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022山东聊城一模)StrongestFemaleLiteraryCharactersofAllTimeTherearesomeofhistory’smostinspiringandgreatfemaleswhocanbefoundonthepagesofthesenovels.ElizabethBennetCalled“Lizzie”or“Eliza”byherfamilyandfriends,ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroinefromthe1813JaneAusten’snovelPrideandPrejudice.She’sthesecondeldestoffivedaughtersintheBennetfamily,andliketherestofhersisters,sheisexpectedtomarryforstatusandmoney,notforlove.Toremaintruetoherself,shewouldratherremainsingle,aconceptthatwasunheardatthattime.NancyDrewShefirstappearedinthe1930sbutremainsoneofthemosticonicfemalecharactersinallofliterature.CreatedbyEdwardStratemeyer,NancyDrewwasn’tsimplyaprettygirl.Instead,thebold,physicallystrong,andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries.JosephineMarchJoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen,publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.At15,sheisstrong-willed,confident,andliteraryandunlikehersisters.Sheisoutspokenanduninterestedinmarriage.Jobothstruggleswithandchallengessociety’s8\nexpectationsofhowwomeninthe19thcenturyshouldcarrythemselves,makingheroneofliterature’smostdaringfemalecharacters.HesterPrynneRecognizedbysomecriticsasoneofthemostimportantcharactersinfemaleliterature,HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne’s1850novel,TheScarletLetter.Marriedbutseparatedbydistancefromherhusband,Hesterhasanaffairwithaministerandbecomespregnant.【语篇解读】本文是人物故事类阅读。介绍了四个小说中最鼓舞人心、最伟大的女性。1.WhywouldElizabethBennetratherremainsingle?A.Sheistoostubborn.B.Shedoesn’twanttocheatherself.C.Shedoesn’twanttomarryforlove.D.Shewastheeldestdaughterofthefamily.答案B解析细节推理题。根据ElizabethBennet中“Toremaintruetoherself,shewouldratherremainsingle,aconceptthatwasunheardatthattime.”可知,ElizabethBennet不想为金钱和地位结婚,不想欺骗自己,所以保持单身。答案为B项。2.WhatisNancyDrewlike?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Kind.B.Outspoken.C.Clever.D.Proud.答案C解析细节推理题。根据NancyDrew中“thebold,physicallystrong,andfiercelyintelligentNancyusedhersuperiorintelligence—notherlooks—tosolveaseriesofmysteries.”可知,NancyDrew勇敢、强壮和聪明,clever是她的一个重要特征,所以选择C项。3.WhocreatedJosephineMarch?A.JaneAusten.B.EdwardStratemeyer.C.LouisaMayAlcott.D.NathanielHawthorne.答案C解析细节推理题。根据JosephineMarch中“JoMarchisthesecondeldestdaughterintheMarchfamilyandisacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen,publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868.”可知,JosephineMarch是LouisaMayAlcott在1868年出版的小说LittleWomen中的中心人物。答案为C项。4.Whatistherightorderofthetimethesefemalesappearedinnovels?a.ElizabethBennetb.NancyDrewc.JosephineMarchd.HesterPrynneA.dcabB.adbcC.cdbaD.adcb8\n答案D解析细节推理题。根据文中“ElizabethBennetisthestubbornandcleverheroinefromthe1813...Prejudice”;“Shefirstappearedinthe1930s...literature”;“JoMarch...isacentralfocusinthenovelLittleWomen,publishedbyLouisaMayAlcottin1868”;“HesterPrynneistheleadingcharacterinNathanielHawthorne’s1850novel”可知,D项是按照人物出现的时间顺序排列的。B(2022河北邯郸质检)Tofightfortheconservationofforestecosystem,severalecologistsincludingDanielJanzenconvincedDelOro,anorangejuiceproducer,todonatepartoftheirforestlandtoanationalpark.Inreturn,DelOrowasallowedtothrowlargeamountsofwasteintheformoforangepeels(皮)ona3-hectarepieceoflandwithinthenationalparkatnocost.Dealingwithtonsofleftoverpeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethempouredintoalandfill,sotheproposalwasveryattractive.Butayearlater,anotherjuicecompanychallengedthedealincourt,arguingthattheircompetitorwas“pollutinganationalpark”.Theyendedupwinning,andthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalparkfellthrough.Thenin2022,whilediscussingpossibleresearchavenueswithTimothyTreuer,DanielJanzenmentionedtheorangepeelstory.Feelinginterested,Treuerdecidedtostopbythatpieceoflandthathadbeencoveredwithfruitwaste15yearsearlier.Whathefoundshockedhim.“WhileIwouldwalkoverexposedrockanddeadgrassinthenearbyfields,I’dhavetoclimbthroughundergrowthandcutpathsthroughwallsofvines(藤)intheorangepeelsiteitself,”saidTimothyTreuer.Treuerandhisteamspentmonthspickingupsamples(样品),analyzingandcomparingthem.Theyfoundgreatdifferencesbetweentheareascoveredwithorangepeelsandthosethatwerenot.Theareawithorangewastehadrichersoil.Theeffectthattheorangepeelshadonthelandisprobablynotthatsurprisingtopeoplefamiliarwithcomposting(施肥),butwhatisreallyshockingisthatajudgeactuallythoughtthewasteoforange“ruined”anationalparkandstoppeditfromgoingforward.NowthatTimothyTreuer’sstudyhasreceivedworldwideattention,this8\ntypeof“ruining”isbeingseriouslyconsideredasawayofbringingforestsbacktolife.【语篇解读】本文是科普知识类阅读。主要讲述了橘子皮对土壤的积极作用。5.WhatdidDelOrousuallydowithorangepeels?A.Addthemtofuel.B.Feedthemtoanimals.C.Burnorburythem.D.Makethemintocakes.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Dealingwithtonsofleftoverpeelsusuallyinvolvedburningthemorpayingtohavethempouredintoalandfill...attractive”可知,之前处理橘子皮一般要烧掉或掩埋掉。答案为C项。6.WhatcanweknowaboutthedealbetweenDelOroandthenationalpark?A.Itlasted15years.B.ItwassignedbyTreuer.C.Itwasmadeinabout1998.D.ItwasbrokenbyDelOro.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段“Thenin2022,whilediscussingpossibleresearchavenueswithTimothyTreuer,DanielJanzenmentionedtheorangepeelstory.Feelinginterested,Treuerdecidedtostopbythatpieceoflandthathadbeencoveredwithfruitwaste15yearsearlier.”可以推出,15年前DelOro与nationalpark达成协议,由此计算具体应该是在1998年,所以答案为C项。7.WhatwasTreuer’sfinding?A.Orangepeelscontainmuchfibre.B.Orangepeelscanmakesoilricher.C.Orangepeelsrotawayinashorttime.D.Orangewasteruinedthenationalpark.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段“Theyfoundgreatdifferencesbetweentheareascoveredwithorangepeelsandthosethatwerenot.Theareawithorangewastehadrichersoil.”可知,他们发现被倾倒过橘子皮的土地更肥沃,所以答案为B项。8.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthejudgementionedinthelastparagraph?A.Disapproving.B.Positive.C.Worried.D.Admirable.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“...butwhatisreallyshockingisthatajudgeactuallythoughtthewasteoforange‘ruined’anationalparkandstoppeditfromgoingforward.”可知,这位法官认为橘子皮毁坏了公园的发展,而作者在文章最后一句话“thistypeof‘ruining’isbeingseriouslyconsideredasawayofbringingforestsbacktolife.”中指出,研究表明,橘子皮实际上使森林恢复了生机,所以作者不赞成法官的观点。答案为A项。8\nⅡ.完形填空(2022陕西西安八校联考)ManyyearsagoinasmallIndianvillage,afarmerhadthemisfortuneofowingalargesumofmoneytoavillagemoneylender.Themoneylender,whowasoldandugly,　1　thefarmer’sbeautifuldaughter.Soheproposeda　2　.Hesaidhewouldforgivethefarmer’s　3　ifhecouldmarryhisdaughter. Boththefarmerandhisdaughterwerehorrifiedbythe　4　.Sothecunningmoneylendersuggestedthatheputa　5　pebble(鹅卵石)andawhitepebbleintoanemptymoneybag,　6　thegirlwouldhavetopickonepebblefromthebag.　7　shepickedtheblackpebble,shewouldbecomehis　8　andherfather’sdebtwouldbeforgiven.Ifshepickedthewhitepebbleshe　9　marryhimandherfather’sdebtwouldstillbeforgiven.Ifshe　10　topickapebble,herfatherwouldbethrownintojail. Theywerestandingonapebble-strewn　11　inthefarmer’sfieldwhenthemoneylenderbentoverto　12　twopebbles.Ashepickedthemup,thesharp-eyedgirl　13　thathehadpickeduptwoblackpebblesandputthemintothebag. Thegirlputherhandintothemoneybaganddrewouta　14　.Withoutlookingatit,shefumbledandletit　15　ontothepebble-strewnpathwhereit　16　becamelostamongalltheotherpebbles. “Oh,how　17　ofme!”shesaid.“Butnevermind,ifyoulookintothebagfortheonethatis　18　,youwillbeabletotellwhichpebbleIpicked.” Themoneylenderdarednotadmithis　19　.Thegirlchangedwhatseemedan　20　situationintoanextremelyadvantageousone. 【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。不幸的农夫欠了放债者很多钱。放债者想娶农夫漂亮的女儿,于是他想到了一个坏主意:让农夫的女儿挑选袋子中的鹅卵石。如果她挑中黑色的鹅卵石,那么就要嫁给他,当然这样可以免去她父亲的债务;如果她挑中白色的鹅卵石,她可以不嫁给他,但同样免去她父亲的债务。聪明的姑娘机智地战胜了邪恶的放债者。1.A.enviedB.marriedC.fanciedD.helped答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“嫉妒”;B项“娶,嫁”;C项“想象,设想,喜爱”;D项“帮助”。根据第三段中的“shewouldbecomehis　8　...marryhimand...”可知,放债者爱慕农夫的女儿,希望娶她为妻。答案为C项。 2.A.meetingB.changeC.bargainD.toast答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“会议”;B项“改变”;C项“交易,便宜货”;D项“干杯”。根据句意可知,放债者为了娶到农夫的女儿提出了一个“交易”的办法。答案为C项。3.A.debtB.paymentC.faultD.pride答案A8\n解析词义辨析题。A项“债务”;B项“支付,付款”;C项“错误,瑕疵,毛病”;D项“自豪,骄傲”。根据第二段最后一句中的“wouldbeforgiven”可知,如果农夫的女儿嫁给他,他就会免除农夫的债务。答案为A项。4.A.thoughtB.adviceC.planD.proposal答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“思想”;B项“建议”;C项“计划”;D项“建议,倡议”。根据第一段最后两句可知,那个放债人的建议不怀好意,因此农夫和女儿很害怕。答案为D项。5.A.sharpB.blackC.commonD.small答案B解析行文逻辑题。A项“锋利的,尖锐的,刺耳的,敏锐的”;B项“黑色的”;C项“普通的,共同的”;D项“小的”。根据下文“shepickedtheblackpebble”可知此处应该选择B项。6.A.forB.andC.butD.or答案B解析行文逻辑题。放债者的建议是把一个黑色的鹅卵石和一个白色的鹅卵石放进一个空的钱袋里,然后那女孩从袋子里挑一颗石子。此处表示递进关系,所以答案为B项。7.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.IfD.Since答案C解析行文逻辑题。如果她挑选了黑色的鹅卵石,她就成为他的妻子,她父亲的债务可以被免除。答案为C项。8.A.moneylenderB.servantC.wifeD.daughter答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“放债者”;B项“仆人”;C项“妻子”;D项“女儿”。根据第一段“ifhecouldmarryhisdaughter.”可知,放债者希望通过这种方法娶到农夫的女儿,所以答案为C项。9.A.couldn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t答案D解析词义辨析题。根据放债者提出的条件可知,如果她选到白色的鹅卵石就不必嫁给他。答案为D项。10.A.pretendedB.agreedC.refusedD.decided答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“假装”;B项“同意”;C项“拒绝”;D项“决定”。根据第二段最后一句“herfatherwouldbethrownintojail”可知,如果她拒绝选一块鹅卵石她的父亲就会被关进监狱。答案为C项。11.A.pathB.areaC.placeD.garden答案A8\n解析行文逻辑题。根据文章第四段第二句“ontothepebble-strewnpath”可知,他们站在一条有很多鹅卵石的小路上,名词path在文中重复使用,所以答案为A项。12.A.throwawayB.askforC.pickupD.pointat答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“扔掉”;B项“请求”;C项“捡起,拾起,拿起,恢复,用车接某人,学会,买到便宜货”;D项“指向”。根据句中“bentover”可知,放债者弯腰捡起鹅卵石。答案为C项。13.A.ignoredB.warnedC.noticedD.suggested答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“忽视,忽略,不理睬”;B项“警告,警示”;C项“注意到”;D项“建议,表明,暗示”。当放债者捡起鹅卵石时,目光敏锐的女孩注意到他捡了两个黑色的鹅卵石放在袋子里。答案为C项。14.A.pennyB.pebbleC.coinD.piece答案B解析文化常识题。根据常识判断,女孩把手放进钱袋,抓出来的应该是鹅卵石。答案为B项。15.A.rollB.fallC.flyD.move答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“滚动”;B项“落下”;C项“飞行”;D项“移动,搬家”。女孩故意将鹅卵石掉落在铺满鹅卵石的小路上。答案为B项。16.A.interestinglyB.mysteriouslyC.unexpectedlyD.immediately答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“有趣地”;B项“神秘地”;C项“始料不及地,意外地”;D项“立刻,马上”。鹅卵石掉落在小路上,立刻消失在其他鹅卵石中,找不到了。答案为D项。17.A.clumsyB.forgetfulC.stupidD.hopeless答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“笨拙的”;B项“健忘的”;C项“愚蠢的”;D项“没有希望的,绝望的”。根据第四段第二句“shefumbledandletit　15　ontothepebblepath”可知,农夫的女儿故意把鹅卵石掉在路上,还自责说自己笨手笨脚,以免引起怀疑,所以答案为A项。 18.A.heldB.chosenC.foundD.left答案D解析词义辨析题。两块鹅卵石掉落一块,看一下袋子里面的那块就知道刚才拿出来的是什么颜色的石头了。答案为D项。19.A.dishonestyB.worryC.mistakeD.guilt答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“不诚实”;B项“担忧,忧虑”;C项“错误”;D项“犯错,错误,毛病,瑕疵”。放债人放进了两块黑色的鹅卵石,他不敢承认他自己的不诚实。答案为A项。8\n20.A.impossibleB.embarrassingC.urgentD.unbelievable答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“不可能的”;B项“令人尴尬的”;C项“紧急的”;D项“难以置信的”。农夫的女儿把不可能的情形变成了非常有利于自己的情形。答案为A项。Ⅲ.书面表达(2022四川成都月考)假如你是李华,当今网络已经把世界变成了真正的“全球村”,作为一名中学生,请你给某报社写一封信,就网络对教育的影响谈谈你的看法。要点:1.网络对教育影响的利弊各一条及你的理由;2.你的建议一条。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。    参考范文DearSir/Madam,TheInternethastransformedtheworldintoaglobalvillage,alteringallaspectsofourlife,especiallyeducation.Here,Iamwritingtosharemythoughtsonitspositiveeffectaswellasnegativeone.Themostobviousadvantageliesinthewidechoiceofcourses.Learnerscanhaveaccesstothecoursestailoredforpersonalneeds,regardlessoftimeandspace.Asaresult,learningoccursinsuchanefficientwaythatgainingknowledgeiseasierthanever.Thedownsideisjustasnoticeable.Alongwithindividualizedcourses,theInternetpresentshalf-truthsthatpuzzletheyoungmindswhereself-controlandjudgingpowerarestillforming.Therefore,IstronglysuggestthattheuseoftheInternetshouldbeundersupervisionofadults.Yoursfaithfully,LiHua8