2022版高考英语大二轮复习第五部分书面表达专题二十一生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题

专题二十一生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022浙江温州六校联考)TheMaldivesfacesthethreatofextinctionfromrisingsealevels,butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuildhomesandagolfcoursethatcanfloat.Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationofanumberoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—notsuitableforhumanstoliveinby2100,theUN’sclimatechangeexpertshavewarned.PresidentMohamedNasheedhasdeclaredafightforsurvival,andlastmonthhesignedadealwithaDutchcompanytostudysuggestionsforafloatingstructurethatcouldsupportaconferencecentre,homesandan18-holegolfcourse.Thecompany,DutchDocklands,iscurrentlybuildingfloatingdevelopmentsintheNetherlandsandDubai.Itswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake“landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland”.TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknownastheHulhumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMalein1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeen10\nsettledthereinordertoeasecrowdedness.Thecity,whichhasapopulationof100,000,isalreadyprotectedfromrisingsealevelsbya30-million-dollarseawall,andthegovernmentisconsideringincreasinglyimaginativewaystofightclimatechange.Nasheed,whoheldtheworld’sfirstunderwatercabinet(内阁)meetinginOctobertohighlighthispeople’sseriousanddifficultsituation,hasevenspokenofbuyinglandelsewhereintheworldtoenableMaldivianstorelocateiftheirhomesarecompletelycovered.Hehasalsopromisedtoturnhisnationintoamodelfortherestoftheworldbybecoming“carbonneutral(碳中和)”by2022.Hisplaninvolvesendingfossilfueluseandpoweringallvehiclesandbuildingsfrom“green”sourcessuchasburningcoconuthusks.【语篇解读】本文是生态环保类阅读。讲述马尔代夫人民面对海平面的上升不得不考虑如何应对被淹没的可能。现在他们开始在首都附近建了一个人工岛Hulhumale,现在已经有30,000多人搬到了这个岛上,缓解了一些压力。最后文章呼吁人们减少二氧化碳的排放。1.WhichofthefollowingabouttheMaldivesisrightaccordingtothepassage?A.Itismadeupofmanysmallislands.B.Ithasbeencoveredbywaternow.C.It’speopleliveinunderwaterhouses.D.It’speopleliveintheirfloatinghomes.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeterswouldmaketheMaldives—anationofanumberoftinycoralislandsintheIndianOcean—notsuitableforhumanstoliveinby2100”可知,马尔代夫由很多小岛组成,预计2100年可能被水淹没,不是现在,所以A项正确,而B项错误;再根据第一段“butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwaslookingtothefuturewithplanstobuildhomesandagolfcoursethatcanfloat.”可知C项和D项错误。答案为A项。2.WhatprobablyisthereasonwhyMohamedNasheedchoseDutchDocklandsforhisplan?A.Ithasagoodfamethroughouttheworld.B.Itchargedmuchlessthanothercompanies.C.Ithasexperienceinbuildingfloatingstructures.D.Itsupportsbuildingfloatingstructuresintheworld.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段“Itswebsitesaiditundertookprojectsthatmake‘landfromwaterbyprovidinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreatesimilarconditionsasonland’”可知,这家公司的网站上显示他们曾经承担过类似的在水上建造建筑物的任务,所以答案为C项。3.WhydidtheMaldivesbegintobuildtheHulhumale?10\nA.Becauseitcouldattractmorevisitors.B.Becausethecountryintendedtomakeitanewcapital.C.Becauseitcouldfightagainstclimatechange.D.Becauseitcouldmakethecapitallesscrowded.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段“TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknownastheHulhumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMalein1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeensettledthereinordertoeasecrowdedness.”可知,建立Hulhumale的目的是为了减轻首都的交通拥堵状况。答案为D项。4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Topromotetheideaoflow-carbonlivingstyle.B.TotellpeoplethattheMaldivesisdisappearingsoon.C.TodiscussthecauseswhytheMaldivesfacesextinction.D.TointroducetheeffortstakenbyMaldivianstofightforlife.答案D解析意图态度题。文章主要介绍了由于马尔代夫是个岛国,海平面的上升有可能导致这个岛国被淹没,以及马尔代夫为解决人类生存这一问题而采取的措施。B(2022四川南充质检)MydaughterwenttoseeTheWildOnerecentlyandshecommentedthatMarionBrandowaswearingjeanssolongago.Ofcoursehehelpedsetthetrend,sothatgotmethinkingaboutthelinkbetweenfilmsandtrendsinfashion.Fashionandfilmshavegonehandinhandforlong.TheWildOneisagoodexample:itappearedin1954,starringBrando.Dressedinablackleathermotorcyclejacket,leathercapandjeans,hecreatedalookwhichisstillconsidered“cool”today.EveryonefromMadonnatomiddle-agedmenisseenwearingtheclassicleathermotorcyclejacket.AnotherstronginfluenceonfashiontrendswasBreakfastatTiffany’s,stallingAudreyHepburn.ShemadefamousthesimpleblackdressthatlooksperfectateitheracocktailpartyorjuststandingaroundanexpensivedepartmentstorelikeTiffany’swithapastryandcoffeeinyourhand,asAudreyHepburndoesinthefilm.Shelookssoelegant,wearingsimplebutbeautifuldresses,bigdarkglassesandastringofpearlsaroundherneck.AudreyHepburnstillinfluenceswomen’sfashionwithher“Tiffany’slook”.Inmoremoderntimes,thefilmstarUmaThurmancreatedamajorfashiontrendwhensheappearedinthefilmPulpFiction,madein1994.Herstylewasverysimple.Herblacktrousers,crispwhiteshirtandhairstylewascopiedbywomenintheworld.10\nInfluencingfashiontrendscanoftenbeabouttiming.ThemovieMemoirsofaGeishacamejustintimetostartatrendinJapanesefashion.ItstarredtheChineseactressZhangZiyi,whoworebeautifulsilkkimonos(和服),anditwonanOscarforCostumeDesign.Manytravelcompaniespickeduponthetrendandran“geishatrips”toJapan.Thefilmhasalsoledtoaregainedinterestinkimonos.ItisnowquitecommontoseeyoungJapanesewomenwearingkimonosnotjustontraditionaloccasions,butatvarioussocialevents.Thefashionisalsobeginningtospreadtowesterncountries.【语篇解读】本文是社会文化类阅读。主要介绍了电影对时尚的影响,并通过具体的例子来证明这一点。5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?　　　　　　　　　　　　A.FilmsandfashionB.Stars’fashionC.InfluentialfilmsD.Filmcultures答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Ofcoursehehelpedsetthetrend,sothatgotmethinkingaboutthelinkbetweenfilmsandtrendsinfashion.”可知,本文通过马龙·白兰度的著名电影TheWildOne引出了电影能够影响流行时尚趋势的话题。接下来列举多部电影引起流行时尚变化的例子,由此可知本文正是关于电影和时尚的。答案为A项。6.WhowillpeopleassociateMadonnawearingtheleathermotorcyclejacketwith?A.ZhangZiyi.B.AudreyHepburn.C.UmaThurman.D.MarlonBrando.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段后三句“TheWildOneisagoodexample:itappearedin1954,starringBrando.Dressedinablackleathermotorcyclejacket,leathercapandjeans,hecreatedalookwhichisstillconsidered‘cool’today.EveryonefromMadonnatomiddle-agedmenisseenwearingtheclassicleathermotorcyclejacket.”可知,正是Brando在电影TheWildOne中的机车夹克、牛仔裤和皮帽子的服装创造出一种现在人们仍然认为很酷的时尚潮流,当麦当娜穿上这样的服装的时候,人们会联想到马龙·白兰度。答案为D项。7.WhatisimpliedinthefilmBreakfastatTiffany’saccordingtothepassage?A.Onecanbeactivebywearingblack.B.Onecanbeelegantbywearingsimply.C.Onecanbefamousbylookingperfect.D.OnecanbestylishbyeatingatTiffany’s.答案B10\n解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“Shelookssoelegant,wearingsimplebutbeautifuldresses,bigdarkglassesandastringofpearlsaroundherneck.”可知,在电影BreakfastatTiffany’s中Tiffany开创了一种简约而优雅的时尚服饰潮流。答案为B项。8.WhatdoesthefilmMemoirsofaGeishaleadto?A.ThepopularityoftheChineseactress.B.TheworldwidereadingofGeishastories.C.Therecoveryofinterestinkimonos.D.The“geishatrips”tosocialevents.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第三句“Thefilmhasalsoledtoaregainedinterestinkimonos.”可知,电影MemoirsofaGeisha重新激发了人们对日本和服的喜爱。答案为C项。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022广西南宁模考)OnthenightofOctober16th,comingupatteno’clock,mymotherpreparedwhatwouldbemyfather’slastmeal.Thatweekheworked　1　shifts.Hestartedatmidnight. Justafter2am,thegroupwentforcoffee.Therewasa　2　thatalwayshadtobeoperatedandhesaid,“It’sokay.Youguysall　3　andI’llworkit.” Themachinewould　4　quickly,occasionally,foronemomentDadmadea　5　—hedidn’tpayattention,andhisheadwasstuckinthemachine.Inpanic,theworkers　6　backandcutthebaseofthemachineandtransporteditwithhimintheambulance. Motherwas　7　thattherewasanaccidentandtomeetatthe　8　.MyoldestbrotherKen,thensixteen,　9　motherthere,andmyotherbrotherBob,thenfourteen,stayedwithmeathome.Fatherdiedontheroad. Whenwewereovercomewiththe　10　,aspokespersonforthehospital　11　mymotheriftheycouldtakeoneofmyfather’seyes—theyhadaperson　12　it.Mymotherreplied,“Yes!” Yearslater,inthelatesummer,IwasattheWoodlawnCemeterywheremyfather’sbodyrests.AsIfinished　13　andstood,amanfrombehindmesaid,“Howareyounow,Frank?” Knowingonlythe　14　,andhisfriendsandco-workerscalledhim“Frank”,I　15　thoughtthatthismanmusthave　16　him.AsIturnedtofacehim,Ireplied,“He’smyfather.” Thisman,FrankBazylak,asIwouldlearnlater,replied,“I　17　withyourfatherforashorttime,justoverayear,buthemadeanimpactonmylife.Hewassopowerful,so　18　andsogiving.Youknow,hewasn’tmeanttobetherethatday.ButthatwasFrank.” 10\nAlmostfourdecadeslaterandfroma　19　,thereinthecemetery,I’dheard　20　storiesaboutmyfather. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的爸爸在工厂发生事故后去世,妈妈在医院同意捐献他的一只眼睛。最后通过与一位陌生人的对话说明了父亲的美德。1.A.morningB.noonC.nightD.afternoon答案C解析根据第一段第一句中的“Onthenight”和空后的“Hestartedatmidnight”可知,爸爸应该是上夜班。所以选C项。2.A.duty　　　B.jobC.truck　　　D.machine答案D解析根据空后的“hadtobeoperated”和“I’llworkit”可知,此处应是一台机器需要一直有人操作。另外第三段第一句中的“Themachinewould　4　quickly”也是提示。 3.A.stayB.goC.hideD.watch答案B解析根据第二段第一句中的“thegroupwentforcoffee”以及最后一句中的“I’llworkit”可推断,此处指离开(去喝咖啡),故选B项。4.A.moveB.breakC.changeD.fly答案A解析根据语境可知,此处是指这台机器运转(move)很快。5.A.decisionB.differenceC.lifeD.mistake答案D解析根据空后内容可知,此处指爸爸犯了一个错误。6.A.walkedB.rushedC.lookedD.turned答案B解析根据上文可知,其他人都去喝咖啡了,所以爸爸的头卡在机器里时,他们应该是快速赶(rushed)回。7.A.warnedB.mindedC.informedD.threatened答案C解析根据常识可知,爸爸发生事故,这时应是通知妈妈到医院去,所以选C项。warn“警告,提醒”;mind“介意”;inform“告知,通知”;threaten“威胁,恐吓”。8.A.factoryB.officeC.hospitalD.workplace10\n答案C解析根据句意可知,应该是通知妈妈去医院,所以选C项。9.A.comfortedB.urgedC.calmedD.drove答案D解析根据语境并结合选项可知,妈妈要到医院去,所以哥哥开车送妈妈去那里。10.A.sorrowB.incidentC.troubleD.treatment答案A解析根据上文可知,父亲的去世使我们处于悲痛之中。beovercomewith...“受到……的极大影响”。11.A.suggestedB.askedC.puzzledD.embarrassed答案B解析根据空后内容可知,此处应是询问(asked)妈妈的意见。12.A.caringaboutB.sufferingfromC.turningtoD.waitingfor答案D解析根据语境可以推断,此处是指一个病人(一直)在等待(waitingfor)(有人捐献)眼睛来治疗(自己的眼睛)。13.A.blessingB.missingC.prayingD.chatting答案C解析根据空前的“attheWoodlawnCemetery”并结合生活常识可知,“我”在墓地完成祷告(praying)。bless“祝福,保佑”。14.A.familyB.doctorsC.companyD.policemen答案A解析根据空后内容并结合语境可知,“我”知道只有家人、爸爸的朋友和同事叫他Frank。所以选项A符合语境。15.A.slowlyB.quicklyC.nervouslyD.carefully答案B解析根据上文内容可知,“我”应是迅速地(quickly)认为这个人一定是认识(known)爸爸的。16.A.respectedB.lovedC.recognizedD.known答案D解析respect“尊重”;love“爱”;recognize“认出”;know“认识”,根据句意可知应选D项。10\n17.A.discussedB.quarreledC.workedD.agreed答案C解析根据空后的“forashorttime,justoverayear,buthemadeanimpactonmylife”和下文中的“hewasn’tmeanttobetherethatday”可推知,这个人应该是爸爸的同事,所以空处应指与爸爸一起工作过。18.A.cleverB.considerateC.modestD.strict答案B解析根据空前的“powerful”和空后的“giving”同时结合上文已经介绍的爸爸让所有的同事去喝咖啡,自己一个人留下操作机器以及倒数第二段最后一句可知,爸爸也是一个体贴的(considerate)人。19.A.strangerB.friendC.colleagueD.brother答案A解析根据文章倒数第二、三段可知,“我”在墓地遇到的人于“我”而言是一位陌生人。20.A.wonderfulB.cheerfulC.sadD.false答案A解析根据倒数第二段内容可知,文章主要介绍了爸爸的优秀品质。故此处应指“我”听到了令人惊叹的故事。wonderful“令人惊叹的”,符合语境。Ⅲ.语篇填空(2022江西八校联考)Chineseoracleboneinscriptions(甲骨文)over3,000yearsoldarenowbeingwidelyusedasemojisbyyoungWeChatusers,thankstoapersonwhomadethem1.(close)topeople’slifethanbefore.“Theancientcharactersarenotascoolanddistant2.theyaresupposedtobe,”saidthe3.(create)ChenNan.“Infact,theyarecuteandhumorous,andtheycouldtotallyserveourneedsforonlineexpression.”4.　　　　　　10\n46-year-oldprofessoroffineartatTsinghuaUniversityhasbeenworkingtomakeoracleboneinscriptionsintoemojis.Forexample,thecharacterfor“zui,”5.　　　　　　means“drunk”inEnglish,wascreated6.　　　　　　(look)likeastumblingfigure. ChenhasalsocombinedtheancientChinesecharacterswithcartoonfigures.Acartoonvideoclip7.　　　　　　(feature)oracleboneinscriptionsdesignedbyhimwasviewed31milliontimesandshared140,000times. Chenworkedontheroadofinnovation19yearsago.In2022,theancienttypeface8.　　　　　　(include)intothefrontlibraryunderhiseffortstolettheancientwordswalkintopeople’slife.Nowthelibraryhasasmanyas3,500characters,9.　　　　　　Chen’sresearchontheprojectstillcontinues,asheplanstoextendthelibraryto7,000characters.Inthefuture,hewillapplytheancientcharacters10.　　　　　　educationanddevelopmentofgamesandapps. 答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是说明文。讲述了中国有着3000多年历史的甲骨文正在被年轻的微信用户们用作表情包广泛使用。1.closer　考查形容词比较级。根据后面的thanbefore可知应该用形容词比较级。2.as　考查连词。句意:甲骨文没有它们看上去的那么高冷深沉。as...as...“像……一样……”。3.creator　考查名词。这里指产品的创造者,所以用名词creator。4.The　考查冠词。这里特指46-year-oldprofessor“四十六岁的教授”,所以用定冠词The。5.which　考查定语从句。这里考查非限定性定语从句,which指代前面的先行词thecharacterfor“zui”。6.tolook　考查非谓语动词。句意:它被设计的看起来就像一个歪歪斜斜的人。这里用不定式表目的。7.featuring　考查非谓语动词。句意:一个由他设计的甲骨文动画视频浏览量达3100万次。feature作为动词意思是“以……为特征或特色,描写……的特征”,这里考查动词-ing形式作后置定语。8.wasincluded　考查时态和语态。句意:2022年甲骨文被纳入字体库,古老的文字走进了人们的生活。根据时间状语“in2022”可知用过去时态,且“theancienttypeface”与“include”之间是被动关系,所以用过去时的被动语态。9.but/yet　考查连词。句意:现在,甲骨文字体库里已有3500个汉字,不过陈楠的研究工程仍在继续。这里前后句为转折关系。10.to　考查固定搭配。句意:将来,他还打算将甲骨文元素融入文化教育产业、小游戏开发、app等领域。apply...to...“将……应用在……”。Ⅳ.短文改错(2022辽宁大连联考)10\nNobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatdrunkdrivinghasbecomeagraveproblemwhatwearefacedwith.Reportsareoftenheardaboutdeathsresultfromdrunkdriving.Anumberoffactormighthaveledtothisproblem.Firstly,Chinesehavethecustomofurginggueststodrinkmoreandregardthemasasignofhospitality.Secondly,theboomofChineseeconomyinthepastdecadesbroughtalongasharpincreaseinanumberofprivatecars.Lastly,lawsandregulationswerenotseverelyenoughinthepast.Toourrelief,relevantlawsandregulationshavebeenputintotheeffecttopunishthosewhodrivesafterdrinking.Andmorecanbedonetoavoiddrunkdrivinguntilthingsgetworse.答案Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatdrunkdrivinghasbecomeagraveproblemwhatwhich/thatwearefacedwith.Reportsareoftenheardaboutdeathsresultresultingfromdrunkdriving.Anumberoffactorfactorsmighthaveledtothisproblem.Firstly,Chinesehavethecustomofurginggueststodrinkmoreandregardthemitasasignofhospitality.Secondly,theboomofChineseeconomyinthepastdecades∧hasbroughtalongasharpincreaseina thenumberofprivatecars.Lastly,lawsandregulationswerenotseverelysevereenoughinthepast.Toourrelief,relevantlawsandregulationshavebeenputintotheeffecttopunishthosewhodrivesdriveafterdrinking.Andmorecanbedonetoavoiddrunkdrivinguntilbeforethingsgetworse.10