2022版高考英语大二轮复习第二部分阅读理解专题十五生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题

专题十五　生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+语篇填空+短文改错Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022四川绵阳三模)Onacoolmorning,WilsonKasaineheadsoutalongadirtpathinsouthernKenya.Hiscalmnessmakesiteasytoforgetthathe’strackingoneofthemostdangerousanimalsintheworld.Kasaineistrackinglions—especiallyonelioncalledMarti,whoisthereal-lifeLionKingofSelenkayConservancy.Trackinglionsonfootmaysoundlikeadeathwish,butKasainehasbeendoingitformostofhislife.BornintoatraditionalMaasaifamilyhequicklygrewtounderstandthebeautyanddangerofwildlife.Livingwithbigwildanimalsforceshimtodevelopagoodsenseofwheretheyhavebeenandwheretheymaybegoing.Duringhis12-kilometerwalkstoandfromschool,helearnedhowtotellthepawprints(爪印)ofalionfromthoseofotheranimals.Growingup,Kasaineknewthatimprovinghistrackingabilitieswouldhelphimavoidsurprisemeetingswithdangerousanimals.FormanyMaasai,trackingismainlyamatterofself-protection.ButKasaineistrackinglionstomeetthemandtoprotectthem.Heleadsasmallgroupofwide-eyedtouristsovertheredsandypath,searchingforthelionthathasleftuponithisprints.Eachyear,thousandsoftouristscrowdKenya’snationalparkstotrytohavealookatthe“bigfive”:elephants,rhinoceros,leopards,buffaloesandlions.Theinternationaldrawoftheseanimalsmattersalotbecausethenation’seconomyistiedtotheprotectionofitswildlife.IfKenya’swildlifedisappears,sodoesitssecond-largestsourceofincome.9\nWildlifeprotectioneffortsinKenyameantmarkingofflandexclusively(专门地)foranimals.Butitalsomeantthatthepeoplewhohadoriginallylivedintheareawereforcedtoleavetheirlandandintosmallersurroundingareas.TheyarealsofindingitincreasinglyhardtokeepatraditionalMaasailifestyle.Butpeoplearegladthatitreallymakesadifferencetowildlifeprotection.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章通过讲述Kasaine通过狮子的脚印追踪狮子、保护狮子的故事,说明了肯尼亚从它的野生动植物保护中受益很多。即使人们离开他们最初的家,人们也非常高兴,并且支持野生动植物保护。1.HowdidKasainetracklions?A.Byworkingtogetherwithtourists.B.Byrunningafterthemallthetime.C.Bygoingtoschooleveryday.D.Bystudyingtheirpawprints.答案D解析推理判断题。由第二段中的“Duringhis12-kilometerwalkstoandfromschool,helearnedhowtotellthepawprints(爪印)ofalionfromthoseofotheranimals.”可推知Kasaine通过研究狮子的脚印追踪狮子,选D项。2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Maasaipeoplearebornanimallovers.B.TourismisabigthreattoKenya’swildlife.C.Kenyabenefitsalotfromitswildlifeprotection.D.Smallanimalsarenotincludedintheirprotectionpolicy.答案C解析细节理解题。由第四段中的“Theinternationaldrawoftheseanimalsmattersalotbecausethenation’seconomyistiedtotheprotectionofitswildlife.IfKenya’swildlifedisappears,sodoesitssecond-largestsourceofincome.”可知肯尼亚从它的野生动植物保护中受益很多,选C项。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Kenya’seconomicdevelopment.B.People’sleavingtheiroriginalhomes.C.Kenya’ssecond-largestincomesource.D.Kenyanpeople’straditionalMaasailifestyle.答案B解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Butitalsomeantthatthepeoplewhohadoriginallylivedintheareawereforcedtoleavetheirlandandintosmallersurroundingareas.”可推知“it”指的是人们离开他们最初的家,选B项。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?　　　　　　　　　　　　9\nA.WildlifeProtectioninKenyaB.MeetingaDangerousAnimalC.WilsonKasaine’sWiseChoiceD.LearningtoLiveWithLions答案A解析主旨大意题。这篇文章通过讲述Kasaine通过狮子的脚印追踪狮子、保护狮子的故事说明了肯尼亚从它的野生动植物保护中受益很多。即使人们离开他们最初的家,人们也非常高兴,并且支持野生动植物保护,选A项。B(2022山东潍坊二模)Inthebasementofalandmark27-storytowerinStockholm,Pettersonishopingtosowtheseedsofanindoorurbanfarmingrevolution.HeisthechiefexecutiveofPlantagon,anewurbanfarmingfactorysettokickoffoperationsinthebasementofanofficeblockintheSwedishcapital.Heisbynomeansthefirstenthusiastforindoorfarming,whichhasbecomeincreasinglyfashionableinrecentyears.Claimsforthepracticeofgrowingfoodinbasementsrangefromfeedingpeopleindesertenvironmentstotransformingthenegativeenvironmentaleffectsofmonoculturefarming.Plantagon’searlypromisesreflectthisnewoptimism.Pettersoncallsthefarm’sapproach“agritechture”:thecombinationofagriculture,technologyandarchitecturehopingtorevolutionizehowweliveandeat.Thetermmaybenew,buttheconceptisn’t.Indoorfarmingismadepossiblebyagriculturaltechnologiessuchashydroponics(growingplantswithoutsoil)andaeroponics(inwhichplantsaregrowninairovercontainers).Foodcanbeproducedwithoutdirectsunlightorsoil. Plantagonplanstogrowhigh-valuefoodsinapumice-likematerialratherthansoil.Waterfortheplantsismeasuredprecisely.Itwillalsodehumidify(除湿)theairandreuseanyextrawatertoensurezerowaste.Comparedwithconventionalagriculture,itwillneedmuchlesswatertoproducethesameamountofcrops.Energyisalsoakeyissueforindoorurbanfarms,whichhavetocreateartificialsunlight.AlthoughadvancesintheefficiencyofLEDlightshavehelpedbringdownenergyconsumptioninrecentyears,plantsuseonlyabout1percentoftheartificiallightproduced.Thisleadstoagreatwasteofenergy,mostofwhichdisappearsasheat.Thebasementfarmwillcapturearound70percentofthiswastedheatandpipeitintotheheatingsystemoftheofficeblockabove.Oxygenproducedbytheplantswillbesenttoofficeworkersviathebuilding’sairconditioners.9\n【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过讲述瑞典斯德哥尔摩的Plantagon总裁Petterson如何在摩天大楼地下室中进行都市室内农业革命的事例,介绍了室内农业在世界范围内的普及并分析了室内农业在环保节能方面的积极作用。5.WhatdoesPlantagonplantodointhebasement?A.Growcrops.B.Dooperations.C.Openaseedcompany.D.Givelecturesaboutfarming.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...Pettersonishopingtosowtheseedsofanindoorurbanfarmingrevolution.”可知,而Petterson是Plantagon公司的总裁,而他打算在地下室中种植农作物。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“Theterm”inParagraph4referto?A.Aeroponics.B.Hydroponics.C.Monoculture.D.Agritechture.答案D解析词义猜测题。该词在段首,它指代的应该是上一段中的内容。上一段中主要介绍了名词“agritechture”的含义。7.Whatdoindoorfarmsdowithenergywaste?A.Produceoxygen.B.Runairconditioners.C.Heatoffices.D.Createartificialsunlight.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thebasementfarmwillcapturearound70percentofthiswastedheatandpipeitintotheheatingsystemoftheofficeblockabove.”可知,地下室的农业设施会把这些浪费了的热量输入到上面办公楼的供暖系统中。8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Afarmingrevolution.B.Petterson’sachievement.C.Awater-savingfarmingproject.D.Anenvironment-friendlysystem.答案A解析主旨大意题。整篇文章作者的写作脉络是:Petterson的室内农业革命的事例→室内农业方式普及→Petterson公司室内农业的独特方式→室内农业方式的可能性→Petterson公司的打算→室内农业的环保和节能。贯穿于文脉中的三个关键词:indoorfarmingrevolution。所以A项最符合这三个关键词表达的意义。C(2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)83-year-oldAntonioVicentehasspentthelastfourdecadesofhislifefightingagainstthetrend.AsBrazilianlandownerscutdownrainforeststomakeroomfor9\nprofitableplantations(种植园)andcattlegrounds,hestruggledtobringthejunglesofhischildhoodbacktolife.“WhenIwasachild,thepeasantscutdownthetreestomakegrasslandsandcharcoal,andthewaterdriedupanddidnotcomeback,”hetoldthereporters.“Ithought:‘Waterisvaluable,noonemakeswaterandthepopulationwillnotstopgrowing.Whatisgoingtohappen?Wearegoingtorunoutofwater.’”Withonlysomedonkeysandasmallteamofhiredworkers,AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife,andAntoniorecallsoftenspendingwholedaysandnightsinhisyoungjungle,surroundedbyratsandfoxes,andeatingbananasandwichesforbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakesupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.Astheforestgrew,thewaterreturned,andAntoniosaysthattherearenowover20watersourcesonhislandthatwerenolongertherewhenheboughtit.Thentheanimalsstartedmakingahomethere.Today,theforestisalivewiththesoundsofbirdsandinsectslivingthere,andmorespeciesaresettlingineveryyear.“Therearetoucans(巨嘴鸟),allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,”83-year-oldVicentesays.“Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayalltheserighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述的是83岁的AntonioVicente花了40年的时间抗击干旱的故事。9.WhatdowelearnabouttheBrazilianpeasants?A.Theywastedmuchwateronfarming.B.Theyfocusedonshort-termprofits.C.Theycaredmuchabouttheenvironment.D.Theyreliedheavilyonrainforestsforaliving.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B项。10.WhatusedtobeyoungAntonio’sbiggestconcern?A.Overpopulation.B.Pollutedwater.C.Lossofgrasslands.D.Watershortage.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“AntonioVicentesetaboutbringingbacktheforesttohisland.Whatstartedoutasaweekendhobbysoonbecameapermanentwayoflife...”可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。故选D项。11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“haven”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Trap.B.Disaster.9\nC.Shelter.D.Balance.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Overthelast40years,hehasplantedanestimated50,000treesonhis31-hectareland,whichnowmakesupasmallbutuniqueareaofrainforest,andahavenforwildlife.”在最近40年,他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树,构成了目前虽小但独特的野生动物的热带雨林天堂。由此推知画线词的意思是“避难所”,故选C项。12.Inthelastparagraph,Antoniomainlyexpresseshis　　　. A.affectionforhisforestB.thanksforhisfamilyC.deeploveforrarebirdsD.prideasasuccessfulfarmer答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘Therearetoucans(巨嘴鸟),allkindsofbirds,squirrels,lizards,andeventheboarsarereturning,’83-year-oldVicentesays.‘Ifyouaskmewhomyfamilyare,Iwouldsayalltheserighthere,eachoneofthesethatIplantedfromaseed.’”可推知Antonio主要在表达他对森林的喜爱。故选A项。D(2022安徽六校教育研究第二次联考)AskpeopleintheUKwhatthewords“Sundayroast”meantothem,andthey’llprobablytakeyoubacktotheirgrandmothers’diningrooms—maybewithafewstoriesof“thegreatestpuddings”and“thebest-eversteak”.ButnowthetraditionalSundayroastseemstohavebeenleftbackintheolddays.AccordingtotheDailyMail,justonein50Britishfamiliessitsdowntothisweeklymealtogether.Therearemanyreasonswhytheroastisbecominglesspopular.Inthebusymodernworld,wherebreakfastisasliceoftoasteatenonthewaytoworkorschoolandlunchisaquicksandwichinfrontofthecomputerscreen,peoplejustdon’tseemtohavethetimeorpatiencetomakearoast.AndSundaywasonceadaywhenpeoplecouldeasilygotothekitchentocook.Nowadays,peopleareoftenoutshoppingoratthecinemauntilit’sfartoolatetostartthinkingaboutheatingtheoven(烤箱)up.However,arecentarticlefromTheTelegraphwarnedagainstbeingcarriedawaybyourtightschedules.Itwouldbeashametoletthisfineoldtraditiondisappear.TheGuardianfurtherexplainedthattheeatingofthebigmealisonlythehalfofit.TheSundayroastalsomakesforrelaxedmorningactivitiesinthekitchen,andthetablebecomestheperfectplacetosharegoodfoodandchatwithfamilyandfriends.“Forbusymomsanddads,evenifyoucanmanagetoturnoffyourmobilephone9\nandtheTVonlyonceaweekandturntheSundayroastintoarealfamilyevent,childrencanhavefuncookingthefoodandclearinguptogether.”【语篇解读】忙碌的生活方式导致传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。13.Whichofthefollowingismostprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?A.Sunday—BestTimeforFamilyB.SundayRoastDyingOutC.It’sthePerfectTimeforUsD.Let’sSitDownTogether答案B解析主旨大意题。第一段中的“ButnowthetraditionalSundayroastseemstohavebeenleftbackintheolddays.AccordingtotheDailyMail,justonein50Britishfamiliessitsdowntothisweeklymealtogether.”告诉人们:传统的英国每周一次的家庭“周日烤肉”活动已经成为过去时。现在,只有五十分之一的英国家庭仍然保持这个传统。下文具体介绍了导致这种现象的原因。故B项适合做该文标题。14.WhydopeoplepaylessattentiontoSundayroast?A.Theyhaveabusylifestyle.B.Theyhavenointerestincooking.C.Theydon’tthinkitworthwhile.D.Theyarelivinginthemodernsociety.答案A解析细节理解题。由第二段“Therearemanyreasonswhytheroastisbecominglesspopular.Inthebusymodernworld...peoplejustdon’tseemtohavethetimeorpatiencetomakearoast”可知,在这个忙碌的现代世界里,人们似乎没有时间和耐心烤肉了。故可知,忙碌的生活方式是导致周末烤肉大餐正在逐渐消失的原因。A项正确。15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Arecentarticle.B.Atraditionalkitchen.C.Thefineoldtradition.D.Sundaymorningactivities.答案C解析词义猜测题。由第五段中的“TheGuardianfurtherexplainedthattheeatingofthebigmealisonlythehalfofit.TheSundayroastalsomakesforrelaxedmorningactivitiesinthekitchen,andthetablebecomestheperfectplacetosharegoodfoodandchatwithfamilyandfriends.”可知,周日烤肉有助于人们在厨房里放松,餐桌成为了亲朋好友分享美食以及聊天的好地方。由此可知,吃大餐只是周日烤肉的一部分,周日烤肉还可以让人们放松、交流等。故it指的是周日烤肉这个老传统。C项正确。16.HowdoestheauthorfeeltowardsSundayroast’sdyingout?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Sorry.D.Uncertain.9\n答案C解析观点态度题。由文章对周日烤肉传统的介绍,尤其是最后一段的叙述可知,该传统活动是一项有利于家人交流共处的好机会。所以,对于这项传统的逐渐消失,作者深表遗憾。故C项正确。Ⅱ.语篇填空(2022山东泰安二模)Chinahasonceagainprovedits1.(able)tochangetheworldwiththe“newfourgreatinventions”:high-speedrailways,electronicpayments,sharedbicyclesandonlineshopping.They’rerelatedtoChina’shigh-techinnovation(创新),2.hasimprovedthequalityofpeople’slives,accordingtoasurvey3.(make)bytheBeltandRoadResearchInstituteofBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.“Mywalletisnolongerinuse.IcanbuyandeatwhateverIwantsimplywithafingertiponmyphone,”said4.universitystudent,addingthat“evenpancakesellersareusingmobilepayment”.Thebikes5.(them)arenotnew,buttheoperatingmodelofbike-sharing6.(base)onsatellitenavigationsystem,mobilepayment,bigdataandotherhightechnologies.Chinahasenteredanewinnovativeera,thankstothelargeamountsofcapitalChinahasinvestedin7.(encourage)innovation,saidBernhardSchwartlander,WHORepresentativeinChina.8.isincreasinglyclearthatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingwesternideas.Thisis9.(especial)trueinmobile,whereChinaisleadinginmanywayssuchasthesocialmessagingappWeChat,shesaid.ThisispartlybecauseChinaskippedoverthePCeraandwentdirectlytomobile.Chinahasthe10.(large)mobileuseintheworld.答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了中国正用“新的四大发明”来改变世界。1.ability　考查名词。作proved的宾语,用名词,所以填ability。2.which　考查非限制性定语从句。“　2　hasimprovedthequalityofpeople’slives”,作定语,修饰China’shigh-techinnovation(创新),且有逗号隔开,所以“　2　hasimprovedthequalityofpeople’slives”是一个非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,所以用which。 3.made　考查非谓语动词。make与其逻辑主语asurvey之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语,填made。4.a　考查冠词。泛指“一位大学生”,且university的首字母发音是辅音,所以填不定冠词a。5.themselves　考查反身代词。句意:自行车它们本身不是全新的事物。表示“它们本身”,填themselves。9\n6.isbased　考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态,用一般现在时,且theoperatingmodelofbike-sharing与baseon之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填isbased。7.encouraging　考查固定用法。介词in之后用v-ing形式作宾语,所以填encouraging。8.It　考查形式主语。“thatChinaisinnovatingandnolongercopyingwesternideas”是句子真正的主语,这里需要一个形式主语,所以填It。9.especially　考查副词。修饰形容词true用副词,所以填especially。10.largest　考查最高级。中国在世界上拥有最大的手机使用量。表示“最大的”,用最高级,所以填largest。Ⅲ.短文改错(2022湖北黄冈中学二模)Goodmorning!I’mLiHuafromHongxingMiddleSchool.I’dliketogivebriefintroductionaboutmyself.I’measy-goingandhavevarioushobby.Ilovesports,especiallyplayingbasketballwithmyfriends.I’malsokeenonlisteningtomusictorelaxmyselfinmysparetime.Betweenallthesubjects,EnglishwasmyfavouriteandI’mgoodatit.Ifitcomestomyidealmajor,I’mquiteinterestingininternationalbusiness.BecauseIlikemeetingthepeopleofdifferentcultures,andcommunicatewiththeminEnglish.Isincerehopethatyoucangivemeachancetoimproveyourselfinyouruniversity.答案Goodmorning!I’mLiHuafromHongxingMiddleSchool.I’dliketogive∧abriefintroductionaboutmyself.I’measy-goingandhavevarioushobbyhobbies.Ilovesports,especiallyplayingbasketballwithmyfriends.I’malsokeenonlisteningtomusictorelaxmyselfinmysparetime.BetweenAmong/Ofallthesubjects,EnglishwasismyfavouriteandI’mgoodatit.IfWhenitcomestomyidealmajor,I’mquiteinterestinginterestedininternationalbusiness.BecauseIlikemeetingthepeopleoffromdifferentcultures,andcommunicatecommunicatingwiththeminEnglish.Isinceresincerelyhopethatyoucangivemeachancetoimproveyourselfmyselfinyouruniversity.9