2022版高考英语大二轮复习第五部分书面表达专题二十三人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错优选习题

专题二十三人物故事类阅读+科普知识类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空+短文改错Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022重庆一中月考)Whenmysonwasfirstdiagnosedwithautism(自闭症),itwasaveryhardtimeforus.However,insomewaysitwasarelief,becausewefinallyhadanameforwhatwasgoingoninourlives,butitalsomeantyearsofuncertainty,andwedidn’tknowwhatthefuturewaslike. WhenIsharedthenewswithmyco-workers,Iwassosurprisedandhappytoreceivesomuchimmediateloveandsupportfromthem.Theywerefocusedonwhatweneeded,asopposedtohowitwouldaffectmyabilitytomakeittowork.Oneco-worker,Jackie,inparticular,wasamazingtomyfamilyandme.Shecalledmeintoherofficeafewdayslater,andgavemea“worrystone”.Itgivesyousomethingtofocusonwhenyou’reworried,rubbingyourthumbaroundonthisstone.Itwasalovelygesture.Shethenextendedapermanentoffertodriveustoanyappointmentsortestsweneeded.Consideringthefactthatwelived90minutesfromwheremosttreatmenttookplace,thiswasatremendousoffer.Shemadeitverycleartomethatthisofferincludedlast-minutetripsoremergencies.Anytimeweneededtogoanywhere,shewaswillingtobeourtransportation.Shesaidthatweneededtobeabletofocusonoursoninsteadofhavingtodivideourattentionbetweentheroadandhim.Weneverdidneedtotakeheruponherwonderfuloffer,butknowingitwasthereandthatshewassowillingtohelpmadeitfeellikeweweremuchlessalone.10\n【语篇解读】本文是人物故事类阅读。作者讲述了自己儿子被确诊患有自闭症后,经历了一个非常艰难的时期。在这段最需要帮助的时候,自己周围的人尤其是自己的同事给予了自己及时的帮助。1.Whatdoes“arelief”refertointhefirstparagraph? 　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Myson’srecoveryfromthedisease.B.Thehelpfrommyco-workers.C.Knowingwhatmyboy’sproblemis.D.Thesignofabetterfuture.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第一段首句“WhenmysonwasfirstdiagnosedwithAutism(自闭症),itwasaveryhardtimeforus.However,insomewaysitwasarelief,becausewefinallyhadanameforwhatwasgoingoninourlives...”可知,儿子被诊断出患有自闭症,这让作者夫妇生活艰难,但值得欣慰的是,至少知道了儿子到底出什么问题了。答案为C项。2.Whydidtheco-workeroffertodriveforus?A.Sheisamoreexperienceddriver.B.Welivefarawayfromthehospital.C.Shelivesveryclosetoourhouse.D.Shewishestoreduceourworries.答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“Anytimeweneededtogoanywhere,shewaswillingtobeourtransportation.Shesaidthatweneededtobeabletofocusonoursoninsteadofhavingtodivideourattentionbetweentheroadandhim.”可知,这位同事愿意为作者夫妇开车,这样作者夫妇就不用在开车和儿子之间分心了。答案为D项。3.WhatdoesthewriterthinkoftheofferbyJackie?A.It’sagreatcomfort.B.It’salast-minuteoffer.C.It’snotnecessary.D.It’sadifficultdecisionforher.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知,Jackie送给作者一个“忧虑石”。当你担心的时候,它会分散你的一些注意力,减少一个人的压力,安慰紧张的心理,以及根据第四段的内容,可知答案为A项。4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.YearsofUncertaintyB.TheMostGenerousWomanC.InTimeofNeedD.AStoryofSacrifice答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知,作者讲述了自己虽遭遇不幸,但在最需要帮助的时候,自己周围的人尤其是同事给予及时的帮助,因此C项符合题意。10\nB(2022河北衡水模拟)Overahundredyearsagoin1911,somethingstrangewasfoundintheglaciersofAntarctica.CrilffithTaylor—anAustraliangeologist,haddiscoveredabloodredstreampouringoutoftheicecascades(瀑布)ofTalorGlacier!PopularlyknownastheBloodFalls,scientistshadnotbeenabletofindthereasonbehindthebloodredliquidflowingthroughtheice—untilrecently.ThemysteryoftheBloodFallshadfinallybeensolved.Whenthesefallswerefirstdiscovered,scientistshadbelievedthattheredcolourcamefromalargeamountofredalgae(海藻)concentratedinthewater.Redalgaecontainapigment(色素)whichreflectsredlight,makingthealgaeappearred.Thistheorymadesense,untilitwaslaterfoundthatalgaedonotplayapartintheredcolouroftheflowingliquidatall.WhatreallycausesTalorGlacier’swatersappearbloodred,isthepresenceofironoxideintheliquid.Thewatersofthebloodfallsarerichinsaltandironcontent,andwhenthiswatercomesincontactwiththeair,itturnsred—justlikerust!Thewaterinthesefallsisoftenreferredtoas“brine”byscientistsbecauseofthehighsaltcontentinthewater.Thisreasoningbehindtheredcolourofthefallswasfoundbackin2022.However,theentiremysteryhadnotyetbeensolved.Howisitthen,thattheBloodFallsarenotfrozen?ResearchersattheUniversityofColoradoandUniversityofAlaskafoundthatinsidetheglacier,therewasanetworkofchannelsandreservoirsthatmovethewateraround.Saltwaterhasalowerfreezingtemperature.Inaddition,whenanysubstanceundergoesachangeinstate,itgivesoffheat.Therefore,thebrineactuallywarmitselfupwhileit’sfreezing!Howthisworks,isthatwhenthebrineisflowingthroughtheTalorGlacier,someofitdoesfreeze.Asaresultofchangingstatefromliquidtoice,thebrinegivesoffheat.Thisheatisenoughtokeeptherestofthebrineinliquidform,whichiswhyitflowsoutoftheglacier.Incrediblenewchemistryfactsfound,andmysterysolved!【语篇解读】本文是科普知识阅读。一百多年前的1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。科学家一直无法找到红色液体不结冰的原因。直到最近,血瀑布的秘密终于被揭开了:水中富含盐和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。同时,盐分高导致它不结冰。10\n5.Howwastheredalgaetheoryonceconsidered?　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Ridiculous.B.Reasonable.C.Impractical.D.Complex.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Thistheorymadesense,untilitwaslaterfoundthatalgaedonotplayapartintheredcoloroftheflowingliquidatall.”可知,这个理论初期被认为是有道理的,直到后来才发现海藻对流动的液体的红色并不起作用,所以答案为B项。makesense“有道理,有意义,讲的通”。6.WhydoestheBloodFallslookredincolour?A.Becausethereistoomuchsaltandironinitswater.B.Becauseitsliquidisrichinredalgae.C.Becausetheflowingliquidreflectsredsunlight.D.BecausetheairisthinandrareinAntarctica.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thewatersofthebloodfallsarerichinsaltandironcontent,andwhenthiswatercomesincontactwiththeair,itturnsred—justlikerust!”可知,因为富含盐分和铁,当水接触空气时,就会像铁锈一样变红。答案为A项。7.WhatisthemainreasonfortheBloodFalls’notfreezing?A.Thewatercontinuedflowingconstantly.B.Thereistoomuchsaltinthewater.C.Thebrinegivesoffheatwhilefreezing.D.Temperaturesaren’thighenoughforflowingwater.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Asaresultofchangingstatefromliquidtoice,thebrinegivesoffheat.Thisheatisenoughtokeeptherestofthebrineinliquidform,whichiswhyitflowsoutoftheglacier.”可知,从液态到冰态变化时,卤水放出热量。这种热量足以使其余的盐水保持液态,这就是它不结冰的原因。答案为C项。8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thediscoveryofthebloodglacier.B.ThebirthoftheTalorGlacier.C.TheflowingredwaterinAntarctica.D.ThemysteryoftheBloodFalls.答案D解析主旨大意题。1911年,澳大利亚地质学家在南极洲的冰川中发现了奇怪的景象——血瀑布。文章重点分析血瀑布产生的原因,揭开神秘面纱,所以答案为D项。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022重庆八中月考)10\nLouisCha,betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,isanestablishedwriteroftheclassicChinesewuxianovelseriesTheCondorTrilogy,AHeroBorn.Cha　1　toCambridgeUniversityforamaster’sdegree.Aged81,hebecameoneoftheoldeststudentsto　2　intheuniversity’shistory. Chaandhiswifelefttheirfinely-furnishedhouseinHongKongandrentedamuch　3　onenearCambridge.Itwas　4　thatafteracarefuldiscussiontheyhiredanItalian　5　sothattheycouldeatChinesefoodinanItalianstyle. Everyday,Cha　6　aschoolbagcontainingbooksandmaterialsforclass.Asafamouskungfu　7　,hehasmanyfans.Wheneveraskedforhissignature,hewould　8　thempolitelyandtellthemifinsteadof　9　class,hewastakingawalkorhavingacoffee,hewould　10　forthem. “Chausedtogotoclassbybike.However,hiswife　11　thatcarsinthecampusmightknockhimdown.Then,thebikewas　12　,butChacalledhimselfanoldmanwithlittlesenseof　13　andbeforelonghe　14　thecartoo.Nowheusesataxi.” WhenChawasvery　15　,hismotheroncecomparedhimtohisstarcousinXuZhimowhowenttoCambridge.Chawasalittle　16　,determiningtoprovehimselfbystudyinginCambridgetoo.　17　,themostimportantreasonishisstrongthirstforknowledge.Chasaid,“SomepeoplethinkIamnot　18　tobethedirectorofLiteratureSchoolinZhejiangUniversity.Idon’tretort(反驳),butIcanalways　19　myownknowledge.” AsthemostaccomplishedandhighlyproductivefoundingfatherofChinesewuxiaclassics,Cha’sconsistent　20　tolearnreallydeservesouradmiration. 【语篇解读】本文是人物故事。本文主要讲了中国著名的武侠小说家金庸先生在81岁的时候还去剑桥大学读书,他这种活到老学到老的精神值得我们大家学习。1.A.appliedB.graduatedC.appealedD.entitled答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“申请,应用,涂,抹,敷”;B项“毕业”;C项“呼吁,恳求,吸引,上诉”;D项“授予荣誉或头衔”。金庸申请去剑桥大学读硕士学位。apply(tosb.)forsth.“向……申请……”。答案为A项。2.A.enterB.enrollC.writeD.show10\n答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“进入”;B项“报名,登记,入学”;C项“写”;D项“展示”。在这所大学的历史上,他成为入学最年长的学生之一。答案为B项。3.A.shabbierB.costlierC.biggerD.brighter答案A解析词义辨析题。根据上文“Chaandhiswifelefttheirfinely-furnishedhouseinHongKong”可知,金庸和妻子离开他们陈设精美的香港的家,那么推理到剑桥附近租的房子应该没有香港的房子那么豪华,所以答案为A项,shabby“寒酸的”。4.A.seriousB.challengingC.considerateD.interesting答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“严重的,严肃的”;B项“挑战性的”;C项“体贴的”;D项“有趣的”。他们雇佣了一位意大利的厨师,这样他们就可以吃到意大利风味儿的中国菜,他们的这个做法很有趣。答案为D项。5.A.babysitterB.nurseC.chefD.teacher答案C解析文化常识题。根据后文“sothattheycouldeatChinesefoodinanItalianstyle”可知,他们雇佣了一位意大利的厨师。答案为C项。6.A.sendsB.carriesC.holdsD.chooses答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“发送”;B项“携带”;C项“拿着,握着”;D项“选择”。每天,金庸携带一个装满书和材料的书包去上学。答案为B项。7.A.scholarB.directorC.artistD.novelist答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“学者”;B项“导演”;C项“艺术家”;D项“小说家”。根据第一段“LouisCha,betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,isanestablishedwriteroftheclassicChinesewuxianovelseriesTheCondorTrilogy,AHeroBorn.”可知,他是一位非常著名的武侠小说家。答案为D项。8.A.refuseB.acceptC.approveD.appreciate答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“拒绝”;B项“接受”;C项“赞成,批准”;D项“欣赏,感激”。根据下文“andtellthemifinsteadof　9　class,hewastakingawalkorhavingacoffee,he10\nwould　10　forthem.”可知,当被要求签名时,他会礼貌地拒绝,并告诉他们如果不上课,在散步和喝咖啡时,他会给他们签名。答案为A项。 9.A.deliveringB.skippingC.conductingD.attending答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“投递,生小孩,发表演说”;B项“跳过”;C项“指挥”;D项“去学校,参加”。根据上一题分析可知答案为D项。10.A.interpretB.writeC.signD.explain答案C解析行文逻辑题。A项“翻译”;B项“写”;C项“签名”;D项“解释”。根据上文“Wheneveraskedforhissignature...”可知应该选择C项。11.A.expectedB.predictedC.fearedD.argued答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“期盼,料想”;B项“预测”;C项“害怕”;D项“争论,辩论”。然而,他的妻子害怕校园里的车可能会把他撞倒。答案为C项。12.A.changedB.replacedC.destroyedD.exchanged答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“改变”;B项“替代”;C项“毁掉,破坏”;D项“交换”。根据下文“butChacalledhimselfanoldmanwithlittlesenseof　13　andbeforelonghe　14　thecartoo.Nowheusesataxi.”可知,金庸一开始骑自行车,之后自己开车,最后使用出租车,所以自行车被替换。答案为B项。 13.A.humorB.businessC.directionD.achievement答案C解析文化常识题。A项“幽默”;B项“商业,买卖”;C项“方向,指导”;D项“成就,业绩”。金庸说自己是一个没有方向感的老头儿,根据常识判断这里指的是自己开车。答案为C项。14.A.gaveupB.tookupC.soldoutD.usedup答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“放弃,停止”;B项“占据,接受,开始从事”;C项“卖完”;D项“用光”。根据第12题分析可知,金庸最后放弃了自己开车,开始打车上学。答案为A项。15.A.old　　　B.youngC.sick　　　D.lazy答案B10\n解析文化常识题。根据该句“hismotheroncecomparedhimtohisstarcousinXuZhimowhowenttoCambridge”可知,当金庸非常小的时候,他的母亲曾经拿他和他在剑桥大学就读的表兄徐志摩相比。徐志摩就读剑桥期间金庸应该年龄较小,所以答案为B项。16.A.sadB.surprisedC.demandingD.jealous答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“难过的”;B项“惊讶的”;C项“苛求的,要求高的”;D项“妒忌的”。根据后文“determiningtoprovehimselfbystudyinginCambridgetoo”可知,金庸有些嫉妒表兄徐志摩。答案为D项。17.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.Consequently答案A解析行文逻辑题。根据上文内容及下文“themostimportantreasonishisstrongthirstforknowledge”可知,金庸去剑桥上大学是出于对表兄徐志摩的妒忌,然而,最重要的是他对知识的强烈渴望。前后为转折关系,所以答案为A项。18.A.welcomedB.qualifiedC.recruitedD.elected答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“受欢迎的”;B项“有资格的”;C项“被招聘的,被雇佣的”;D项“被选举的”。句意:有些人认为我没有资格担任浙江大学文学院的院长。答案为B项。19.A.testB.showC.proveD.increase答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“测试”;B项“展示”;C项“证明,证实”;D项“增加,增长”。句意:我不反驳,但是我一直在增长自己的知识。答案为D项。20.A.hesitationB.intelligenceC.willingnessD.ability答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“犹豫不决”;B项“智力”;C项“意愿,心甘情愿”;D项“能力”。金庸始终如一的学习意愿值得我们钦佩。答案为C项。Ⅲ.语篇填空(2022四川内江一模)Chrysanthemum(菊花)comesfromChinaandwasrecordedinsomeChinesebooksasearlyasthe5thcenturyBC.Theflower1.(introduce)toJapanduringtheTangDynasty.Itusuallybeginstobloom(开花)inthe9thlunarmonth,lendingafestiveatmospheretoDoubleNinthDay.That’swhythemonthisalsoreferredto2.　　　　　　“themonthofchrysanthemum”. 10\nTheflowerhasbeenfavoredby3.　　　　　　(poet)throughtheages,becauseitisoneoftheonlyflowersthatbloominlateautumn.DuFu,agreatTangDynastypoet,wrotemorethantenpoemssingingthepraisesoftheflower. Chinesepeople4.　　　　　　(be)fondofenjoyingchrysanthemumonDoubleNinthDaylongbefore.Chrysanthemumdisplayswereusuallyheldimmediatelyafter5.　　　　　　dayinsomeregionsofChinaintheQingDynasty.PeopleinBeijingbegantostickchrysanthemumsondoorsandwindows6.(get)ridofthebadluckandbringinthegoodluck,7.　　　　　　wasanalteration(改变)ofthecustomof8.　　　　　　(wear)chrysanthemumonpeople’sheads.Atthesedisplaysfamilymembersaccompanytheirelderstohavearelaxingdayinanaturalatmospherewhilewishingforgoodhealthand9.(happy)forthem.Thedisplaysareoften10.　　　　　　(live)withaseaofvisitors. 答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了菊花的历史、文化及相关的一些活动及意义。1.wasintroduced　考查被动语态。句中主语“Theflower”和动词“introduce”是被动关系,指这种花被介绍,在句中作谓语用被动语态,再根据时间状语“theTangDynasty”可知应该用一般过去时的被动语态。2.as　考查介词。句意:这就是九月被叫做菊花月的原因,表示“作为,当做”用as。3.poets　考查名词。句中“poet”是可数名词,此处泛指古往今来的诗人们,用复数形式。4.were　考查主谓一致。根据时间状语“longbefore”可知,此处用过去时,与主语Chinesepeople保持一致用复数形式。5.the　考查冠词。此处是特指“DoubleNinthDay”,用定冠词the,表示重阳节之后。6.toget　考查动词不定式。此处是不定式表目的,指人们把菊花贴在门窗上是为了摆脱坏运气。7.which　考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句,用which引导指代前面的句子。8.wearing　考查非谓语动词。句中介词of后用动词-ing形式作宾语。9.happiness　考查名词。与前面的名词“health”并列也用名词,指健康和幸福。10.lively　考查形容词。此处是形容词lively作表语,指这种展览有大量的游客,生气勃勃的。Ⅳ.短文改错(2022四川新都一中月考)DearMsJenkins,I’mLiHuafromyourEnglishwritingclassinlastterm.I’mwritingtoaskforyourhelp.I’mappliedforapart-timejobinmycityduringthesummervacation,advertisebyaforeigncompany.AndIhadjustcompletedmyapplicationletterandresume.Besides,IamnotquitesureofthelanguageandtheformatI’veused.BecauseIknowyouhaveaverytightlyschedule,Ineedyourtimelyhelp.I’dappreciateifyoucouldspendsometimegoingthroughthemandmadenecessarychanges.Youcanfindmyapplicationletterandresumeintheattachment.Thankyouforyourkind!10\nYours,LiHua答案DearMsJenkins,I’mLiHuafromyourEnglishwritingclassinlastterm.I’mwritingtoaskforyourhelp.I’mappliedapplyingforapart-timejobinmycityduringthesummervacation,advertiseadvertisedbyaforeigncompany.AndIhadhavejustcompletedmyapplicationletterandresume.BesidesHowever,IamnotquitesureofthelanguageandtheformatI’veused.BecauseAlthoughIknowyouhaveaverytightlytightschedule,Ineedyourtimelyhelp.I’dappreciate∧itifyoucouldspendsometimegoingthroughthemandmademakingnecessarychanges.Youcanfindmyapplicationletterandresumeintheattachment.Thankyouforyourkindkindness!Yours,LiHua10