2022版高考英语大二轮复习第五部分书面表达专题二十四生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+完形填空+书面表达优选习题

专题二十四　生态环保类阅读+社会文化类阅读+完形填空+书面表达Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022辽宁沈阳质检)Encouraginglifetobloom(兴旺)inthemiddleofadesertisnoeasytask.ButonecompanyintheUnitedArabEmirateshascomeupwithaplantoprovidedrinkingwaterforthestate’scitizens.ThecompanyintendstodragicebergsfromAntarcticatotheGulfCoastinordertoharvestitsfreshwater.ThecompanyplanstosourcethemassiveblocksoficefromHeardIsland,around600milesoffthecoastofmainlandAntarctica.Itwillthentransportthemaround5,500milestoFujarirah,onepartoftheUAE.Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears,accordingtothecompany.Thecompany’sdirectorsaystheyhavealreadytravelledthetransportationrouteandcheckedthepossibilityofthescheme,accordingtoreportsinGulfNews.SpeakingtothesiteaboutwhatheiscallingtheUAEIcebergProject,AbdullahMohammadSulaimanAlShehisaid,“Wehavemadethetechnicalandfinancialplan.Westartedtheprojectatthebeginningof2022.Wewantitmainlyforthewater.Itcouldalsobegoodfortourismandtheweather.”TheUAEisoneofthedriestcountriesintheworld,duetoitsextremelyaridclimate,whichreceiveslessthanfourinchesofrainfallperyear.Despitethat,itconsumesmorewaterthandoubletheglobalnationalaverage,puttingthecountryatsevereriskofdroughtsoverthenext25years.Anaverageicebergcontainsmorethan20billiongallonsofwater,accordingtothecompany.Theicebergtakesalongtimetomeltas80percentofitis9\nunderwater,whilethewhiteiceabovereflectssunlightanddeflects(使转向)itsheat.Blocksoficewillbeplacedingianttanks,beforebeingprocessed.“Thisisthepurestwaterintheworld.”Mr.AlShehiadded.【语篇解读】本文是生态环保类阅读。文章主要介绍了UAE冰川项目,即从南极运送冰川去沙漠地区,解决缺水问题。1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheUAEproject?A.ItwillhelptheUAEharvestfreshwater.B.ItwillencouragelifetoboominAntarctica.C.ItwillputtheUAEatsevereriskofdroughts.D.ItwillcompletelychangetheclimateintheUAE.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“ThecompanyintendstodragicebergsfromAntarcticatotheGulfCoastinordertoharvestitsfreshwater.”及第二段中的“Itwillthentransportthemaround5,500milestoFujarirah,onepartoftheUAE.Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears,accordingtothecompany.”可知,这家公司是计划把南极的冰川运到UAE,帮他们解决缺水问题。2.Wherecouldtheblockoficecomefrom?　　　　　　　　　　　　A.TheAtlanticOcean.B.Fujariah.C.TheGulf.D.HeardIsland.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“ThecompanyplanstosourcethemassiveblocksoficefromHeardIsland,around600milesoffthecoastofmainlandAntarctica.”可知,冰川是从南极的HeardIsland运来的。答案为D项。3.WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbenefitfromtheproject?A.Thelocalpeople.B.Antarctica.C.Theweather.D.Tourism.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Oneicebergcouldprovideenoughwaterforonemillionpeopleoverfiveyears,accordingtothecompany.”以及第三段中的“Westartedtheprojectatthebeginningof2022.Wewantitmainlyforthewater.Itcouldalsobegoodfortourismandtheweather.”可知,这一项目有利于当地人,有利于旅游业和当地的天气。答案为B项。4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningthenatureoficeinthelastparagraph?A.Theprocessoftheproject.B.Thepossibilityoftheplan.C.Thepurposeofthecompany.D.Thecommentsonthescheme.答案B9\n解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知文章主要分析了冰川的含水量大,怎么从冰川中提取水,分析了可能性,所以答案为B项。B(2022辽宁辽南一模)Michelininspectors,thesupersecretspiesoftherestaurantindustry,aretheanonymous(匿名的)keepersofthefamousMichelinstarrating.They’vebeenwritinganonymousreportsofrestaurantsforover100years.“Wesayit’salittleliketheCIA,”saidinspector“M”withalaugh.Sheaskedthatheridentityshouldnotberevealed.“Mywholelifeisstayingundertheradar,stayingawayfromcameras,usingfakenames,tryingtosneakinandoutofrestaurantsquietly.” Alongwiththeirboss,JeanLucNaret,thedirectoroftheMichelinGuide,about90inspectorsaroundtheworlddecidewhichrestaurantswillwinthecookingequivalent(等价物)ofanOscar,theNobelPrizeandMegamillionsjackpot(百万彩票)allatonce.TheMichelinGuidecovers23countries,andoutofthe45,000ratedrestaurants,lessthan100havethetoprating—onlynineAmericanrestaurantscarrythreestars.Ifthename“Michelin”bringsthetiresonyourcartomind,you’renottoofaroff.TheMichelinratingbeganinFrancein1900asamarketingtrick.TheMichelinbrothersthoughttheircustomerswouldbummorerubberifgivenalistofhotelsandrestaurantstoexplore.Inspector“M”admittedbeinganinspectorleadstoalonelydininglife.“Mostofthetimewedinealone,”shesaid.“Itgivesustheabilitytoreallyfocusonthefoodandtheatmosphereandcapturetheentireexperience.”Tocovertheirtracks,“M”saidsometimestwoinspectorswilldinetogetherandwritetwoseparatepapers.It’sbetterthansaying“tableforone”,right?“Whenyou’rereally,reallyintofoodandverycrazyaboutfood,everythingelsethat’sgoingonaroundyouisn’tsoimportant,”shesaid.【语篇解读】本文是社会文化类阅读。《米其林指南》在全球美食界具有相当的权威性。这得益于有一群为之服务的“美食侦探”,他们行踪隐秘,竭力避开公众的目光,游走于世界各地的餐厅酒店,为《米其林指南》搜罗一切美食情报。9\n5.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“undertheradar”meaninParagraph2?A.Livingindanger.B.Beingthefocusofthemedia.C.Tryingtobeunnoticed.D.Makingprogramsontheradio.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据其后的“stayingawayfromcameras,usingfakenames,tryingtosneakinandoutofrestaurantsquietly”可知,美食侦探使用假名字、避开摄像机、悄悄进入和离开饭店,都是为了尽量不引人注意。答案为C项。6.WhatwasthepurposeoffirstcarryingouttheMichelinrating?A.Toopenmorehotelsandrestaurants.B.Tobringmoreconveniencetodrivers.C.Tomakepeoplefamiliarwith“Michelin”.D.Tomakeaprofitbysellingmoretiresofacertainbrand.答案D解析意图态度题。根据第四段中的“MichelinratingbeganinFrancein1900asamarketingtrick.TheMichelinbrothersthoughttheircustomerswouldbummorerubberifgivenalistofhotelsandrestaurantstoexplore.”可知,最初米其林兄弟推出《米其林指南》是一个促销策略,是为了卖出更多的米其林轮胎,从而获取利润。答案为D项。7.Whydotwoinspectorssometimesdinetogether?A.Theycancuttheexpenseonthefood.B.Theycanprotecttheiridentities.C.Theycansavetroublebysharingapaper.D.Theycantalkaboutthefoodoverthemeal.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段尤其是“Tocovertheirtracks,‘M’saidsometimestwoinspectorswilldinetogetherandwritetwoseparatepapers”可知,有时两名美食侦探一起前往一家餐厅是为了便于隐藏身份。答案为B项。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.M’sexperienceasaCIAB.ThelegendofMichelinbrothersC.Michelininspectors:foodindustryspiesD.Michelin—agiantintireandrestaurantindustry答案C解析主旨大意题。根据第一段“Michelininspectors,thesupersecretspiesoftherestaurantindustry...They’vebeenwritinganonymousreportsofrestaurantsforover9\n100years.”可知,文章主要介绍米其林检查员,餐馆业的超级秘密间谍,是著名米其林明星评级的匿名(守卫)者。100多年来,他们一直在写餐馆的匿名报告。答案为C项。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022陕西黄陵模拟)Togetinaword,everyoneinmyfamilyhastoyellatthedinnertableandhasastrong　1　.Everyonehasa　2　leadingtoheatedarguments.Weoftentalkorevendebatewitheachotherondifferenttopics.　3　afamilylikeminehasmadememore　4　abouttheworldaroundme,makingmetendtoquestionanythinganyonetellsme.ButI’mnotagoodlistener.AndwhenIsay“listening”,I’mnot　5　tothenodding-your-head-and-　6　-answering-Uh-huh-or-Ooh-I-seevariety.Imeanthekindoflisteningwhereyoufindyourselfdeeply　7　withthepersonyou’respeakingwith,whenhisstorybecomesso　8　thatyourworldbecomeslessaboutyouandmoreabouthim.No,Iwasneververygoodatthat. IspentsummerinSouthAfricatwoyearsago.Iworkedforagoodnon-profit　9　calledNoah,whichworks　10　onbehalfofchildrenaffectedbyAIDS.But　11　youaskedmewhatIreallydidinSouthAfrica,I’dtellyouonething:Ilistened,andIlistened.SometimesI　12　,butmostlylistened. AndhadInotspenttwomonths　13　,Imighthavemissedthe　14　momentwhenaquietlittlegirlatoneofNoah’scommunitycenters,orphaned(孤儿)attheageofthree,whisperedafteralong　15　,“Iloveyou.” 　16　thatsummer,Iknewhowtohear.Icouldsitdownwithanyoneandheartheir　17　andnodandrespondatthe　18　time—butmostofthetimeIwas　19　aboutthenextwordsoutofmyownmouth.Sincethat,Ihavenoticedwhenmymouthisclosedandmy　20　iswideopen,I’velearnedthemostaboutotherpeople,andperhapsaboutmyself. 【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过亲身经历,体会到要站在别人的角度去感受对方的倾诉,做一名好的倾听者。1.A.qualificationB.influenceC.opinionD.assumption答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“资历,资格”;B项“影响”;C项“观点”;D项“假设,设想”。根据上文“Togetinaword,everyoneinmyfamilyhastoyellatthedinnertable”可知,作者家里的每个人都有自己的观点。答案为C项。2.A.commitmentB.problemC.scheduleD.request答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“承诺,许诺,委托”;B项“问题”;C项“安排,安排表”;D项“要求,请求”。根据下文“Weoftentalkorevendebatewitheachotherondifferent9\ntopics.”可知,作者一家人经常会就不同的话题进行辩论,所以推断每个人都有问题可以轻易地引发激烈的争论。3.A.BelongingtoB.BelievinginC.BringingupD.Strugglingfor答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“属于”;B项“相信”;C项“养育,呕吐,教育”;D项“为……奋斗”。句意:作为这样的家庭的一份子使我对我周围的一切都充满好奇,质疑别人告诉我的任何事情。根据句意可知答案为A项。4.A.anxiousB.curiousC.nervousD.adventurous答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“焦急的,不安的,渴望的”;B项“好奇的”;C项“紧张的”;D项“冒险的”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为B项。5.A.objectingB.appealingC.turningD.referring答案D解析词义辨析题。objectto“反对”;appealto“吸引,呼吁,恳求,上诉”;turnto“转向,求助于”;referto“谈到,提到,涉及,参考,参照”。作者所说的“倾听”并不指的是点头,礼貌回答:哦,嗯或我明白了,我知道了等等。答案为D项。6.A.rudelyB.loudlyC.politelyD.gratefully答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“粗鲁地,鲁莽地”;B项“大声地”;C项“礼貌地”;D项“感激地”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为C项。7.A.identifyingB.quarrelingC.debatingD.competing答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“认出,识别,认同”;B项“吵架”;C项“讨论,辩论”;D项“竞争”。作者所说的“倾听”是你能够从内心深处认同和你讲话的人。答案为A项。8.A.vividB.magicalC.mind-numbingD.time-consuming答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“生动的,逼真的”;B项“魔幻的”;C项“麻木的”;D项“耗时的”。根据后面“yourworldbecomeslessaboutyouandmoreabouthim.”可知,你的注意力已经从你的身上完全转移到对方的身上了,这说明对方的故事生动和吸引人。答案为A项。9.A.schoolB.organizationC.factoryD.church答案B9\n解析词义辨析题。A项“学校”;B项“组织”;C项“工厂”;D项“教堂”。根据前面的“non-profit”及后文“whichworks　10　onbehalfofchildrenaffectedbyAIDS.”可知,这是一个帮助感染艾滋病的孩子的非营利组织。答案为B项。 10.A.effortlesslyB.timelesslyC.aimlesslyD.tirelessly答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“不费力地”;B项“永久地,无限期地”;C项“漫无目的地”;D项“不倦地”。这个非营利组织Noah竭尽全力为感染艾滋病的孩子们服务。答案为D项。11.A.unlessB.becauseC.althoughD.if答案D解析语法功能题。句意:如果你问我我在南非做什么,我会告诉你一件事情:倾听,不停地倾听。根据句意可知答案为D项。12.A.applaudedB.spokeC.weptD.complained答案B解析词义辨析题。A项“鼓掌”;B项“讲话,说话”;C项“哭泣”;D项“解释”。句意:有时我也讲一些话,但大部分时间我都在倾听。答案为B项。13.A.studyingB.travelingC.listeningD.working答案C解析行文逻辑题。句意:如果当初没有经历两个月的倾听,我可能就错过这个感人的时刻了。名词listening在文中多次重复。答案为C项。14.A.touchingB.frustratingC.astonishingD.fascinating答案A解析词义辨析题。A项“感人的,受触动的”;B项“令人沮丧的,泄气的”;C项“惊人的”;D项“迷人的,吸引人的”。根据上一题的分析及下文“orphaned(孤儿)attheageofthree,whisperedafteralong　15　,‘Iloveyou.’”可知,这个三岁的孤儿,沉默良久后对作者说“我爱你”,这是倾听的结果,作者很受感动。答案为A项。 15.A.delayB.courseC.journeyD.silence答案D解析词义辨析题。A项“耽搁,延误”;B项“课程”;C项“旅程,旅行”;D项“沉默”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为D项。16.A.BeforeB.AfterC.ExceptD.Since答案A解析语法功能题。暑假前,作者的“倾听”只是听对方故事,点头,适时回应,但是想的都是自己接下来要说什么。南非暑假之后,作者意识到“倾听”实际上是闭上嘴全神贯注地倾听对方的故事,充分去了解对方的内心世界。答案为A项。9\n17.A.needsB.storiesC.commentsD.cases答案B解析行文逻辑题。A项“需要”;B项“故事”;C项“评论”;D项“情况,案例,病例”。根据第一段“whenhisstorybecomesso　8　that...”可知答案为B项。 18.A.valuableB.freeC.rightD.same答案C解析词义辨析题。根据第16题分析可知答案为C项。right作为形容词意思是“适当的,正确的,恰当的”。19.A.talkingB.arguingC.learningD.thinking答案D解析词义辨析题。根据第16题分析可知,作者心里想的是自己说什么,而不是真正地在倾听。答案为D项。20.A.sympathyB.spiritC.mindD.family答案C解析词义辨析题。A项“同情,怜悯”;B项“精神”;C项“思维,头脑,心思,心灵”;D项“家庭”。句子“mymindiswideopen”可以翻译成“打开心灵”,这里应该指的是要全身心关注倾听对方的故事。答案为C项。Ⅲ.书面表达(2022北京西城一模)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录你在上周末爸爸出差期间,为家里拼搭花架的经历。注意:词数100左右。提示词:花架flowershelf      参考范文9\nLastweekend,IfixedupawoodenflowershelfformyfamilywhenDadwasawayonbusiness,whichwasreallyarewardingexperience.OnSundayafternoon,apackagewasdeliveredtoMum.IhelpedMumcarryitinanddecidedtoinstallitmyselfwithoutmyfather’spresence.Inside,thereweresomewoodenboards,ironparts,andaninstructionmanual.Havingreadthemanualcarefully,I,withascrewdriver,fixedtheframefirst,andthenputtheboardsonitpiecebypiece.Aftertwohoursofhardwork,alovelyflowershelfappeared.MumandIwerebothpleasedandwestartedputtingpottedplantsontoit.WhenDadcameback,hearingitwasIwhohadassembledtheflowershelf,he,withabroadsmile,gavemeathumbs-up.9