江苏专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破10主旨大意_标题归纳题优选习题

十、主旨大意——标题归纳题(2022·浙江，B)StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter，includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台)．Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia，includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds，plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’arguments：manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags，whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat，theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement：reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis，thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However，longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeused18\natleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了环境科学家史蒂文·斯坦支持提倡使用塑料袋的做法，由此引出了对于塑料袋、纸袋、可重复使用袋的讨论。24．WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A．Helpincreasegrocerysales.B．Recyclethewastematerial.C．Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D．Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。25．Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inParagraph2referto?A．Bansonplasticbags.B．Effectsofcitydevelopment.C．Headachescausedbygarbage.D．Plasticbagshungintrees.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种‘逆风’，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的危害。”联系上一句“Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin...”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。26．Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A．Theyarequiteexpensive.B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句“...longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.”，这种可长期重复使用的购物袋的生产需要更多的能源，故选D项。18\n27．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic，PaperorNeitherB．Industry，PollutionandEnvironmentC．RecycleorThrowAwayD．GarbageCollectionandWasteControl答案　A解析　标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策——用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。一、题型解读记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。设问形式常有：(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.一个好的标题应具备三大特点：概括——准确而又简短；针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。二、解题技巧1．“高度概括”定标题(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。为吸引读者的注意，标题往往比较醒目。(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。2．文章标题三特点(1)一般为单词、短语或句子形式，短语居多；(2)短小精悍，精确性强；18\n(3)涵盖性强，能覆盖全文大意。例如：【真题感悟】中第27题，要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题；纸袋容易回收，但生产成本高；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。对这三个方面进行了对比，Plastic，PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。A(2022·河南六市第一次联考)Inthefallof1988，IvisitedmanyBuddhisttemples，butafterawhiletheyallbeganto9fadefrommymemories.However，therewasonetemplethatleftagreatimpressioninmyheart.ItiscalledtheTempleoftheGoldenBuddha.Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos，Iwalkedovertoaglasscase，nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart.Backin1957agroupofmonksfromamonastery(修道院)hadto5relocatea1clayBuddhafromtheirtempletoanewlocation.Themonasterywastoberelocatedtomakeroomforthedevelopmentofahighway.Whenthecrane(吊车)begantoliftit，theweightofitwassolargethatitbeganto2crack.What’smore，rainbegantofall.Theheadmonkdecidedtolowerthestatuebacktothegroundandcoveritwithalargeoilclothtoprotectitfromtherain.LaterthateveningtheheadmonkwenttocheckontheBuddha.Heshinedhisflash-lightundertheoilclothtoseeiftheBuddhawasstayingdry.Asthelightreachedthecrack，henoticedalittlebeamshiningbackandthoughtitstrange.Ashetookacloserlookatthisbeamoflight，hewonderediftheremightbesomethingunderneaththeclay.Hewenttofetchachiselandhammerfromthemonasteryandbegantochipawayattheclay.Asheknockedoffpiecesofclay，thelittlebeamgrewbrighterandbigger.Manyhoursoflaborwentbybeforethemonkstoodfacetofacewiththeextraordinarysolid-goldBuddha.Historiansbelievethatseveralhundredyearsbeforetheheadmonk’sdiscovery，thearmywasabouttoinvadethecountry.Themonks，realizingthattheircountrywouldsoonbeattacked，coveredtheirpreciousgoldenBuddhawithanoutercoveringofclayinordertokeeptheirtreasurefrombeingrobbedbytheenemy.Unfortunately，itappearsthattheenemykilledallthemonks，andthewell-keptsecretofthegoldenBuddharemaineduncovereduntilthedayin1957.18\nAsIflewhomeIbegantothinktomyself，“WeareallliketheclayBuddhacoveredwithashellofhardnesscreatedoutoffear，andyetunderneatheachofusisa‘goldenBuddha’，a‘goldenChrist’，ora‘goldenspirit’，whichisourrealself.Somewherealongtheway，betweentheagesoftwoandnine，webegintocoverupour‘goldenspirit’，ournaturalself.Muchlikethemonkwiththehammerandthechisel，ourtasknowistodiscoverourtruespiritonceagain.”语篇解读　本文作者通过讲述金佛寺中金佛不同寻常的历史，说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛，要发现自己真正的金色。1．WhatmadethemonkscovertheBuddhawithalargeoilcloth?A．Hidingitfrombeingstolen.B．Protectingitfromtherain.C．Protectingitfrombeingdamaged.D．Avoidingbeingseen.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第三段末句“Theheadmonkdecidedtolowerthestatuebacktothegroundandcoveritwithalargeoilclothtoprotectitfromtherain.”可知，修道士们在金佛上盖上一块大油布是为了保护佛像不被雨淋。故选B。2．WhywastheauthorgreatlyimpressedbythegoldenBuddha?A．Becausehelikesitverymuch.B．Becauseitdiffersfromothers.C．Becauseofitshistory.D．Becauseoftheprotectionofthemonks.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第二段末句“...Iwalkedovertoaglasscase，nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart.”及下文的具体介绍可知，这个金佛给作者留下了深刻印象是因为它的不寻常的历史。故选C。3．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．VisitingBuddhistTemplesB．TheGoldenBuddhaC．ProtectingTheirCountryD．RelocatingtheBuddha答案　B18\n解析　标题归纳题。作者通过讲述金佛寺中的金佛出于保护被涂上一层粘土，经雨淋后露出本来面目，揭开了其不同寻常的历史。作者以此说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛，要发现自己真正的金色。“TheGoldenBuddha(金色的佛)”贯穿全文，适合作为标题。故选B。4．Whatadviceisgiventousaccordingtothepassage?A．Coveringupourselves.B．Findingthetruth.C．Discoveringourtruespirit.D．Buildingupourbelief.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“ourtasknowistodiscoverourtruespiritonceagain”可知，作者建议我们要发现自己真正的精神。故选C。B(2022·山东枣庄一模)3Dprintingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Wearenowabletocreatethingsweneedveryquicklyandeasilyusing3Dprinters.Butcanyouimagineprintingfood?Somescientistsaretryingto3revolutionizethediningexperiencebydoingthis.Theyhopethathavinga3Dprinterinthekitchenwillbeascommonasthemicrowaveovenorblender.Scientistssaythatit’llbequiteeasy：yousimplyhavetoselecta4recipeandputtherawfood‘inks’intotheprinter.Youcanalsomodifytheinstructionstomakethefoodexactlyhowyouwantit.Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.Using3Dprinterstocreateyourmealswouldalsobesavingtheenvironment.Therewouldbelessneedfortraditionalgrowing，transportingandpackagingprocessesasfoodproductionwouldbealotmoreefficient.Forexample,6alternativeingredients(原料)suchasproteinsfromalgae，beetrootleavesandinsectscouldbe7convertedintotastyproducts.Printingfoodcouldalsohelppeoplewhosufferfromdysphasia(aswallowingdisorder)．Theycouldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem.However，somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtakeawaymanyjobs，includingthoseforgrowing，transportingandpackagingfood.Imagineaworldwheretherewasnoneedforfarmingorgrowingcropsandthesametastescouldbeprintedfromaraw“foodink”.8Likewise，traditional18\ncafesandrestaurantsmightlosebusiness.Also，thereareconcernsaboutthenutritionalvalueofprintedfood：isitreallypossibletogetthenutrientsweneedfromfood-basedinksandgels(凝胶)?What’smore，cookingandeatingtogetherwithfamilyandfriendshaslongbeenatraditionalandenjoyableactivity.Itishardtoimagineaworldwherethepleasureofcookingisdeadandmealscanbecreatedatthetouchofabutton.语篇解读　本文介绍了一项新技术——3D食物打印，它是一种能像打印文件一样把食物“印”出来的技术。5．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes3Dfoodprinting?A．Quickandpopular.B．Easyandefficient.C．Nutritiousandtasty.D．Softandconvenient.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.”可知，3D食物打印很快、很容易就能创造出好吃、有营养的食物。故选B。6．Whydosomethinkthat3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster?A．Traditionalfoodwoulddisappear.B．Manypeoplecouldlosetheirjobs.C．Itwouldaffectthepeople’shealth.D．Wecouldalleatthesamefood.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段前两句“However，somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtakeawaymanyjobs，includingthoseforgrowing，transportingandpackagingfood.”可知，一些人认为3D食物打印在未来将会是一个灾难，因为它会抢人们的饭碗——比如食物的种植、运输、打包工作，故选B。7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．3Dfoodprintingwillreplacetraditionalcooking.B．Thefutureof3Dfoodprintingisuncertain.C．Itwouldhurtourtraditionoffoodculture.D．3Dfoodprintingwouldbeafailure.答案　C18\n解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，烹饪和聚餐是人类的传统活动，很难想象3D食物打印带来的按钮世界，由此可推知，3D食物打印的应用会破坏我们的传统饮食文化。故选C。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．3DFoodPrinting：ComingtotheKitchenB．Can3DPrintingCreateEverything?C．3D-PrintingFoodWillBeinFashion!D．TheDisadvantagesof3DFoodPrinting答案　A解析　标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知本文讲述了一项新技术——即将进入厨房的3D食物打印。故选A。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Theagedwallsaremadeoutofclayfromtheearthandwood.黏土2．Agasmainhadacrackundermyneighbour’sgarageandgashadseepedintoourhomes.裂缝3．Overthepastfortyyears，plasticshaverevolutionizedthewaywelive.彻底改变4．It’sherturntocookthiseveningsoshelooksuparecipefortomatosoupontheInternet.菜谱(二)同义词语替换5．Ifthecompanywastorelocate，mostemployeeswouldmove.remove6．Hesaidthereisnoalternativeforhimbuttomaintainorderunderanycircumstances.choice7．Youcanusethesetransformationstoconvertthedatafromonemodeltoanother.transform；shift8．Thefishweredelicious.Likewise，theeggplantwasexcellent.Similarly(三)一词多义9．fade褪色；枯萎，凋谢；(逐渐)消失(1)Allmemoryofthechildhoodfadedfromhermind.(逐渐)消失(2)Colouredclothoftenfadeswhenitiswashed.褪色(3)Therosesheplantedinthegardenfadedafterthreedays.枯萎，凋谢18\nⅡ.长难句理解1．Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos，Iwalkedovertoaglasscase，nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart.[句式分析]　本句话是一个复合句，句子的主干部分Iwalkedovertoaglasscase是简单句的主谓结构；Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos是时间状语；nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart是定语从句，修饰aglasscase；describingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart为现在分词作定语，修饰atypewrittenpage。[精美译文]　围着它走了几圈并拍了几张照片以后，我走向一个玻璃箱子，在它的旁边是一张打印的纸张，描述了这件壮丽的艺术品的历史。2．Theycouldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem.[句式分析]　本句话是一个复合句，主句是简单句的主谓宾结构；sothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem为目的状语从句。[精美译文]　他们给打印机输入程序，让它打印出较软的食物，以便他们吞咽的时候没有困难。专题强化练(二十四)Ⅰ.单项填空1．Toourgreatsurprise，thelittlegirlfromthecountrysidebecauseofherexcellentEnglishandquickwitafterseveralroundsofcompetition.A．stoodoutB．pickedoutC．turnedoutD．cameout答案　A解析　句意为：让我们吃惊的是，这个来自乡下的小女孩凭借出色的英语和敏捷的反应，在几轮比赛后便脱颖而出。standout突出；pickout挑出；turnout结果是；comeout出现，出版，结果是。故选A。2．Thereisgrowingconcernamongtheparentsusingcomputerstowritearticleshasabadeffectonchildren’shandwriting.A．whatB．thatC．whyD．when答案　B18\n解析　句意为：家长们越来越担心，用电脑写文章会对孩子的书写产生不良影响。空格后的句子内容是对前面名词concern的具体说明，且句意完整不缺成分，应用that引导同位语从句。故选B。3．Wehaveseenmanywonderfulstrategiesforthepeace-lovingpeople，Chinaisbringinginsolvingthecomplicatedproblems.A．whoB．whereC．whichD．when答案　C解析　句意为：我们已经看到中国正在为爱好和平的人民带来许多解决复杂问题的良策。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词strategies，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用which，故选C。4．Havingwrestledwithhisforawholenight，theyoungmandecidedtogotothepolicestationtoconfesshiscrime.A．conscienceB．requestC．privilegeD．appetite答案　A解析　句意为：经过一整夜的良心挣扎，这个年轻人决定去公安局坦白自己的罪行。conscience道德心，良心；request请求，需要；privilege特权，优待；appetite食欲，嗜好。故选A。5．Theeconomyofthecountrybegantoyearsafterthebigearthquakebrokeout.A．recycleB．recoverC．countD．combine答案　B解析　句意为：在那场大地震爆发后的几年里，这个国家的经济开始复苏。recycle重复利用，循环；recover恢复，复原；count计数，有价值；combine联合，结合。这里的recover是熟词新义，表示“从不愉快的事情中复原或恢复常态”的意思。故选B。6．OnTeachers’Day，weallwenttoschooltoseeourteachers.A．especiallyB．speciallyC．particularlyD．attentively答案　B解析　句意为：教师节那天，我们专程到学校去看望老师。specially特别地，专门地，强调为了某一目的，符合题意。7．Thenewsthatsomeprovincesaregoingtocanceltheirindependentcollegesin2022，sosituationwillchange.18\nA．havebeenconfirmedB．isconfirmingC．hasbeenconfirmedD．isbeingconfirmed答案　C解析　句意为：部分省份打算在2022年取消三本院校的消息已经得到证实，因此情况要有变化。由句意可知confirm的动作已经发生，应该用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响；又因news与confirm之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选C。8．TheChinesegovernmenthasbeenpushingvariouseffectivereformsallitscitizens.A．inchargeofB．forthepurposeofC．inhonorofD．forthebenefitof答案　D解析　句意为：为了所有公民的利益，中国政府一直在推行各种有效的改革。inchargeof掌管，负责；forthepurposeof为了……(目的)；inhonorof为了纪念……；forthebenefitof为了……的利益。故选D。9．—Howdidyougettheinformation，Helen?—，butI’mnotsurewhetheritistrueornot.A．Don’tputonthedogB．AlittlebirdtoldmeC．LetthecatoutofthebagD．I’mallears答案　B解析　句意为：——你是怎么得到信息的，海伦？——听别人说的，但我不能确定这是真的还是假的。Don’tputonthedog不要摆架子；Alittlebirdtoldme听别人说的；Letthecatoutofthebag泄露秘密；I’mallears洗耳恭听。故选B。10．Somesubjects，suchasmath，physicsandEnglish，arefortheseniorhighschoolstudentsinChinabutsomeofthemareunwillingtolearnEnglish.A．comparableB．compulsoryC．considerableD．complex答案　B解析　句意为：一些学科，如数学、物理和英语，是中国高中生的必修课，但有些学生不愿意学英语。comparable可比较的，比得上的；compulsory义务的，必修的，被强制的；considerable相当大的，重要的，值得考虑的；complex复杂的。故选B。18\nⅡ.阅读理解AShenzhentrafficpolicerecentlypostedasetofphotosofthecity’sfirst3-DzebracrossingonWeibo，sznews.comreportedSunday.LocatedonLianhuaBranchRoadinFutianDistrict，thezebracrossingisabout30metersawayfromthefrontentranceofthecity’strafficpolicebureau.Differentfromtheordinaryzebracossing，the3-Dversionhasaddedtwocolors.Blueblocksareaddedparalleltothewhiteblocks.Andyellowblocksarepaintedonthetwoends.Therefore，whetherseenfromafarornearby，orfromaverticalorhorizontalangle，thethree-coloredzebracrossinglookslikeit’srisingupfromthegroundandisveryeye-catching.Theappearanceofthecity’sfirst3-Dzebracrossinghassparkedaheateddiscussionamongthepublicandnetizens.“Itlookslikeadeceleration(减速)beltfromadistance.Vehicleswillslowdowninadvance，soIthinkithasacertaineffectonprotectingpedestriansastheycrossthestreet，”ataxidriversurnamedZhengtoldreporters.Headded，“Fortaxidriverslikeus，mostofusslowdownorstopatzebracrossings，aswehavedrivingexperience.Butforanovicedriveroradriverwhoisn’tfamiliarwiththeroadconditions，thezebracrossingcouldeasilyinfluencetheirjudgmentandmakethemstopintime.”However，onecitizen，surnamedHuang，expressedsomedoubts.“Whenadriverseesthiszebracrossingandistrickedbyopticalillusions，orifthedrivercannotnoticeitinatimelymannerandhastoslamonthebrakes，butmistakestheacceleratorforthebrake，orsteersthewheelabruptly，wouldn’ttheconsequencesbemoreserious？”Huangsaid.Netizenshavegivenmixedopinionsaboutthe3-Dzebracrossing.Advocatesthinkthatitisakindofinnovationthatcanstrengthendrivers’awarenessofneedingtoslowdownandgivingprioritytothepedestrians.Whileopponentsworrythatdriverswillbedisturbedandtheoriginalintentionwillbackfirebyincreasingnewsecurityrisks.Ithasbeenreportedthat3-Dzebracrossingsarenotnewthings，andhavealreadyappearedinmanycitiesinChina.11．Whydoesthe3-DzebracrossinginShenzhenfeaturethreecolors?18\nA．Tomakeitmorestriking.B．Toclassifypassengersbycolor.C．Torelievethestressofpassers-by.D．Toindicatedifferentroadconditions.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，这条3-D斑马线新增了蓝、黄两种颜色，因此人们无论是从远处还是从近处，从垂直的角度还是从水平的角度看，它都像是从地面上凸起的，非常引人注目。由此可知，应选A项。12．WhatmaythetaxidriversurnamedZhengthinkofthe3-Dzebracrossing?A．Dangerous.B．Confusing.C．Ridiculous.D．Effective.答案　D解析　观点态度题。根据第三段可知，这位姓郑的司机认为这条3-D斑马线从远处看起来就像是一个减速带，司机会提前减速，这在保护行人方面有一定的效果，且他认为这条3-D斑马线很容易影响司机的判断，让他们能够及时停下来。由此可推知，他认为这条3-D斑马线是有效的(Effective)。13．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．3-DZebraCrossingsArePopularWorldwideB．TheFirst3-DZebraCrossingAppearedinShenzhenC．HowDifferentPeopleReactto3-DZebraCrossings?D．Why3-DZebraCrossingsCanCatchPeople’sEyeQuickly?答案　B解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Shenzhentrafficpolicerecentlypostedasetofphotosofthecity’sfirst3-DzebracrossingonWeibo，sznews.comreportedSunday.”可知，本文主要介绍的是出现在深圳的第一条3-D斑马线。故选B项。B(2022·山东淄博一模)TheDetroitSymphonyOrchestrawillbeperformingworksbyGeorgesBizetonFridaymorning.Youmightenjoyclassicalmusicandliketoattendtheperformance，butlivefarawayfromAmerica’sMotorCity.OnSaturday，theGoGogroupCurtisJohnsonisperformingattheKennedyCenterinWashingtonD．C.Ifyouliveoverseas，goingtothatshowisprobablyoutofthequestion.Butthereisasolution!Theseandotherconcertsareavailable“live”onthe18\nInternet.Youcanheartheminrealtimewithanelectronicdevice.BothperformanceswillbeavailableontheWorldWideWeb.Theyarepartofagrowingnumberofconcertsbroadcastoncomputers，tabletsandsmartphones.Thesedigitalconcertsareknownaslive-streaming.TechnologyexpertMichaelAntonoffsaysbetterandlesscostlyequipmentismakingiteasierforperformersandtheaterstooffermusic“live”online.“Thequalityofthesoundandvideopicturesareimprovingallthetime，”hesays.“Thoseonlineconcertsnowhaveasmanyas40,000viewerspershow.Peoplein100nationsarewatching.Itisahugepartofourincreasingglobalreach.”“Forinternationalperformers，KennedyCenterofficialsseeajumpinonlineviewershipfromthehomecountriesoftheperformer.ThereishometownpridewhenanartistisperformingatoneofAmerica’sbest-knownconcerts，”saystheKennedyCenter’sGarthRoss.AtarecentKennedyCenterconcert，aperformersaidhewassohappythathisdisabledmotherbackinCaliforniacouldwatchhisperformance.“Itisnotjustmusicbeingstreamedontheweb.OnDecember10，theproducerofmusical‘DaddyLongLegs’puttheshowonthewebfreeofcharge.ItwasthefirstlivewebcastofaNewYorkmusical.Over150,000peoplefrom135nationswatched，”producerKenDavenportsaid.Inotherwords，itwouldtakehismusical2.7yearsofsold-outperformancestodrawthatmanypeople.14．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“outofthequestion”inParagraph2?A．Impossible.B．Easy.C．Exciting.D．Concerning.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyouliveoverseas，goingtothatshowisprobablyoutofthequestion.”和第三段“Butthereisasolution!Theseandotherconcertsareavailable‘live’ontheInternet.Youcanheartheminrealtimewithanelectronicdevice.”可知，goingtothatshowisprobablyoutofthequestion的意思是：去看现场表演是不可能的。故选A。15．Whatresultsfromtheimprovementofequipment?A．Theequipmentisbecomingmoreexpensive.B．Fewpeoplelikewatchingperformancesatspot.C．Peoplecanwatchdigitalconcertsfreeofcharge.18\nD．Moreandmorepeopleenjoytheperformancesonline.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“betterandlesscostlyequipmentismakingiteasierforperformersandtheaterstooffermusic‘live’online.‘Thequalityofthesoundandvideopicturesareimprovingallthetime，’hesays.Thoseonlineconcertsnowhaveasmanyas40,000viewerspershow”可知，设备的改进使越来越多的人喜欢看网上的表演。故选D。16．Howdotheinternationalartistsfeelabouttheirperformances?A．Proud.B．Anxious.C．Relaxed.D．Stressed.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“ThereishometownpridewhenanartistisperformingatoneofAmerica’sbest-knownconcerts”可知，国际艺术家因为他们的表演而感到自豪。故选A。17．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ASolutiontoLiveConcertProblemsB．DetroitSymphonyOrchestra’sPerformanceC．AmericanConcertsAvailableWorldwideD．DevelopmentofMusicElectronicDevice答案　C解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国音乐会接入互联网全球直播，让更多的观众欣赏到表演。故C为最佳标题。Ⅲ.任务型阅读Nowadaysmanyregionsarefacingshort-termenergyshortagesuntilalternativesourcesofpowerareintroduced.Australiaisagoodexampleofacountrythatisfacingsuchacrisis.Atthesametime，italsohasagrowingplasticwasteproblem，andsolvingthiscouldpresentanimportantsolutiontoitsenergycrisis.WiththousandsoftonsofplasticsinAustralia’scoastalwaters，it’sironicthatoneproblemcouldactuallyhelpsolvetheother.Thatis，the“dirtyplastics”whichrarelygetrecycledcouldbetransformedintofuelforeverydayenergyneeds.Waste-to-energyisn’tanewconcept.Successfullyoperatedglobally，ithelpseffectivelyremoveplasticpollution.Itcanalsosimplyhelptofilltheincreasedenergydemandofagrowingpopulation，andcanevenbemadeintoroad-readyfuelbysmarttechnology.18\nHowever，therearecriticsofwaste-to-energy.Someofthemareafraidthatburningwouldletoffsmokeanddangeroussubstancesthoughtechnologyhasevolvedsignificantly.Othercriticssaythatallwasteshouldberecycled，andthatgeneration(产生)isn’trecyclingbecausethewastematerialnolongerexists.Whilewemustalwaysworktowardsbuildingabetterworldwithlessofanenvironmentalimpact，wemustacceptthefactthatourpopulationisgrowing，andwiththatcomesmoreconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions.Thus，reducingtheweightofgoodsbyusingplasticinproductionisapopularstrategytoreducethecarbonoutputofsectorsliketransport.Thegoaltodayshouldbetoreducethenegativeenvironmentalimpactsoftheactivitiesalreadybeingundertaken.Whilecreatinglesswasteandhavingfullmaterialcircularity(循环)areimportantlong-termobjectives，weshouldbetakingadvantageoftheimmediateandlong-termbenefitsofwaste-to-energy.Weshouldunderstandproperlywhatnewtechnologiescando，ratherthanassumeimmediatelythattheyare“bad”．Today’swaste-to-energyplantsareclean；theyshowthatcontrolscanbeputinplacetoappropriatelymanageemissionsandby-products，andtheliquification(液化)technologiesusenooxygenandincludenoburningtobeginwith.Theoutputcanbealow-sulphur(低硫)fuel，whichisoftenbetterforreducingairpollution.Whilenotascleanasrenewableenergy，wasteisarenewableresource.Wasteresourcesshouldalwaysbesentforrecyclingandhighervalue-addedoptions.Butwaste-to-energyisanecessaryoptionforthosematerialsthatrarely(ornever)makeittorecycling.Neitherrecyclingnorwaste-to-energyrepresentsacure-allforhugeamountsofplasticwastethatexiststoday.Givenourneedforenergyandfuel，waste-to-energyshouldbeonthetablefordiscussionwithaviewtoquickadoption.Title：GlobalPlasticCrisisGeneral18.tothecrisisShort-termenergyshortageaswellasincreasingplasticwasteisacommonproblemaroundtheworld.AcreativesolutionWiththehelpofsmarttechnology，dirtyplasticscanbeusedasa(n)19.ofroad-readyfuel，playinganimportantrolein20.plasticpollutionandsatisfyingtheneedsofenergy.21.tothesolution·Burningplasticcouldresultinthereleaseofharmfulsubstanceslikesmoke.18\n·Producingfueloutofplasticleavesnothing22..AtruthaboutplasticusageAnincreaseinpopulationresultsinmoreconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions，makingitimpossibletohave23.negativeenvironmentalimpact.Actually，theuseofplasticisintendedtocreate24.greenhousegasemissions.Positiveopinionsaboutthesolution·Whileworkingtowardsthe25.ofnotcreatingwasteandhavingfullmaterialcircularity，weshouldn’tignoretheuseofwaste-to-energy.·Smarttechnologylikeliquificationcanmakethewaste-to-energyprocess26.toenvironment.·Waste-to-energyisaneffectivewaytoreuseplasticwaste，whichrarelygetsrecycled，althoughitcan’tsolvetheproblem27..语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。文中以全球塑料垃圾污染为例，说明了垃圾给环境带来严重危害的事实，同时介绍了一种“废物再生能源”的新概念并视其为应对垃圾污染环境的新方法。18．答案　introduction解析　概括词汇题。右栏内容是对“全球塑料危机”的简要概括。introduction常与介词to搭配。19．答案　source解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段中的“Itcanalsosimplyhelptofilltheincreasedenergydemandofagrowingpopulation，andcanevenbemadeintoroad-readyfuelbysmarttechnology.”可知，废弃塑料可以被用来作road-readyfuel，即废弃塑料是这种燃料的一个“来源”，故填source。20．答案　removing/reducing解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段中的“Successfullyoperatedglobally，ithelpseffectivelyremoveplastic18\npollution.”可知填remove的动名词形式，作介词in的宾语，也可填其近义词reducing。21．答案　Objections解析　概括词汇题。右栏内容是对变废物为有用资源这一方法的反对意见。objection须与介词to搭配。22．答案　recyclable解析　转换词汇题。根据第三段的“Othercriticssaythatallwasteshouldberecycled，andthatgeneration(产生)isn’trecyclingbecausethewastematerialnolongerexists.”可知，用塑料制造燃料会造成没有东西可以回收。此处为leave＋宾语＋宾补，用形容词作宾补。23．答案　no解析　转换词汇题。分析第四段首句可知，人口正在增长，随之而来的是更多的消费和温室气体排放，这是无法改变的事实，即必定会导致对环境的负面影响。24．答案　less解析　转换词汇题。根据第四段中的“...byusingplasticinproductionisapopularstrategytoreducethecarbonoutputofsectorsliketransport.”可知，使用塑料的目的是为了减少温室气体排放量。25．答案　goals/objectives/aims解析　原文词汇题。根据第五段中的“Whilecreatinglesswasteandhavingfullmaterialcircularity(循环)areimportantlong-termobjectives，weshouldbetakingadvantageoftheimmediateandlong-termbenefitsofwaste-to-energy.”可知，减少废物的产生，全面回收废物是一个长期目标。26．答案　friendly解析　转换词汇题。根据第五段中的“Weshouldunderstandproperlywhatnewtechnologiescando，ratherthanassumeimmediatelythattheyare‘bad’．”及第六段内容可知，不应轻易断定新技术就是不好，其实其对环境还是有保护作用的。27．答案　completely/fully解析　转换词汇题。通读全文及最后一段中的“Neitherrecyclingnorwaste-to-energyrepresentsacure-allforhugeamountsofplasticwastethatexiststoday.”可知，变废物为有用资源的新方法虽然不能完全解决所有问题，但仍不失为一种有效之举。18