江苏专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破5推理判_观点态度题优选习题

五、推理判断——观点态度题(2022·浙江，C)Asculturalsymbolsgo，theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago，withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline(装配线)onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad，behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture：theroadsidediner，thebillboard，themotel，eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury，thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel，theroadmovie，thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas，bornofabundantpetrol，cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem，thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen，thissocietyhasmovedonward，neverlookingback，asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecological22\ndisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive(过度的)energyconsumption，climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL．Friedman.Hefearstheworst，buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign，buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater，cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。其主题是“人与社会”，介绍了美国经典的“汽车文化”，它对美国各方面的影响是巨大而深远的。汽车给美国人民带来便利的同时，也带来了很多问题，例如能源的过度消耗、气候变化以及污染等。素材的选择旨在向考生传递一种科学的世界观：看待事物一定要一分为二，分析利弊，趋利避害，利用事物好的方面为人类服务。28．WhyishamburgermentionedinParagraph2?A．ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B．ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C．TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D．TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture...eventhehamburger.”可知，汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡，就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。29．WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A．Declineofeconomy.B．Environmentalproblems.C．Ashortageofoilsupply.D．Afarm-basedsociety.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelped22\ntocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.”可知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了环境问题。故选B项。30．WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A．Ambiguous.B．Doubtful.C．Hopeful.D．Tolerant.答案　C解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。一、题型解读所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?2．Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?二、解题技巧——“忠于措辞”定选项1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。22\n2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。例如：【真题感悟】中第30题，根据最后一段第一句“Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy(经济)isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.”可知，Friedman认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。ACarrieGracieisknowledgeableaboutChinaanditsaffairs.Shealsohasa1reputationasagenerouscolleague.ShehasresignedfromherjobasChinaeditorbecauseheremployerswillnotpayheratthesamerateastheypaythehandfulofmenwhodoasimilarlychallengingandimportantjob.Shehasresignedbecausesherefusedtogooncolluding(共谋)withtheBBC’sdishonestyaboutitsfailuretogivewomenandmenequalpayforequalwork.Graciewasrecruitedtothejob，becauseshehadallthetalentandskillstheBBCneededto10coverthedifficultinternationalanddomesticstoryoftheriseofChina.OneoftheconditionsshesetfortakingitwasequalpaywiththeBBC’sotherinternationaleditors，familiarnamesincludingJonSopelinWashingtonandJeremyBowenintheMiddleEast.Lastsummer，thegovernmentforcedtheBBCtopublishwhichofthefamiliarnamesonradioandTVearnedover￡150,000.Theresultsexposedanastonishingpaygap.TheyalsoshowedGraciethatheremployershadmisledher.22\nGraciesetsoutallhereffortstogetherbossestodowhattheyhad8originallypromisedher，buttheyfailtorespondadequately.Instead，theyprevaricate(搪塞)andofferherapayrisethatstillwouldnothavedeliveredequality.Theythoughttheycouldbuyheroff.Theythoughtthatthereputationalhazardshewasrunningwouldscareherawayfromthefight.TheBBCiswrongthistime!GraciehaschosentodesignratherthangiveinbecauseshethinksthatitisherresponsibilitytostoptheBBCdoingsomethingstupid.Sheisfightingforwomen’slegalrights.Graciesaidshehopedshewouldn’tberememberedasthewomanwhocomplainedaboutmoney，butasagreatjournalist.Sheisprovingthattheyaretwosidesofthesameinvaluablecoin.CarrieGracie’s9disputewiththeBBCisn’taboutmoney—it’saboutdignity!语篇解读　文章讲述了原BBC编辑嘉莉·格雷西因为同工不同酬而辞职，并为争取平等权利而斗争。1．WhatdoyouknowaboutCarrieGracie?A．Sheisverystrictwithherofficecolleagues.B．ShehasagoodcommandofChina’saffairs.C．ShewasworkingtogetherwithJonSopel.D．Shehasareputationofcoveringsportsnews.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“CarrieGracieisknowledgeableaboutChinaanditsaffairs.”可知，嘉莉·格雷西对中国和中国的事务了如指掌。故选B。2．WhatdoesCarrieGraciedemandoftheBBC?A．Equalpayforequalwork.B．Betterpayformorework.C．Apologyformisconducts.D．Responsetohercomplaint.答案　A22\n解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“OneoftheconditionsshesetfortakingitwasequalpaywiththeBBC’sotherinternationaleditors...”可知，她要求同工同酬。故选A。3．WecaninferfromthepassagethattheBBC.A．didn’tpromiseGracieequalpaywithhermalecolleaguesB．dismissedCarrieGracieduetoherdemandforhigherpayC．wasforcedtopayGracieequalpayfordoingtheequalworkD．keptthepayofitsfamiliarnamessecretbeforelastsummer答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Lastsummer，thegovernmentforcedtheBBCtopublishwhichofthefamiliarnamesonradioandTVearnedover￡150,000.”可知，直到去年夏天BBC才公开了这些人的薪酬，由此可知之前BBC一直对此保密。故选D。4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheBBC?A．Positive.B．2Vague.C．3Critical.D．Cautious.答案　C解析　观点态度题。通过文章中作者对BBC隐瞒薪酬差距的描述可知，作者对BBC是持批评态度的。故选C。BAnewstudyof8,000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadto4depression.Thestudyshowsthatgirlsbecomemoredepressedthanboys，andyoungergirlsaretheworstofall.Thepossiblereasonfortheconnectionbetweenloveandhigherriskofdepressionforgirlsis“lossofself”．Accordingtothestudy，eventhoughboyswouldsay“losethemselvesinaromanticrelationship”，this“lossofself”ismuchmorelikelytoleadtodepressionwhenithappenstogirls.Younggirlswhohaveromanticrelationshipsusuallylikehidingtheirfeelingsandopinions.Theywon’ttellthat22\ntotheirparents.DrMarianmKaufman，anexpertonyoungpeopleproblems，says15%to20%youngpeoplewillhavedepressionduringtheirgrowing.Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpinto5romancetooearly.Duringgrowingup，itisimportantforyoungpeopletobuildstrongfriendshipsandastrongsenseofself.Shealsosuggeststheparentsshouldencouragetheirkidstokeepclosetotheirfriends，attendmoreinterestingschoolactivitiesandspendenoughtimewithfamily.Parentsshouldwatchforsignsofdepression—eatingormoodchanges—andiftheyseesignsfromtheirdaughtersorsons，theyneedtogivehelp.Thegoodnewsisthattheconnectionbetweenromanceanddepressionseemstobecomeweakwithage.Lovewillalwaysmakeusfeelyoung，butonly6maturitygivesusachancetoavoiditsbadsideeffects.语篇解读　一项研究显示，尽管恋爱能让成年人健康、幸福，但是早恋对青少年的伤害是极大的。早恋会给青少年带来压力，并最终导致抑郁。5．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Romanceisatwo-edgedswordforadults.B．Parentsshouldforbidtheirchildren’slove.C．Romanceisgoodforyoungpeople.D．Puppylovemaybringyoungpeopledepression.答案　D解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的主旨句“Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression.”可知，文章主要讲述了早恋可能导致青少年抑郁。故选D。6．Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytohavedepression?A．Carelessparentswhosechildrenaredeepinlove.B．Youngpeoplewhohaveastrongsenseofselfishness.C．Younggirlswhoalwayshidetheirfeelingsandopinions.22\nD．Youngboyswhoseparentswatchfortheirbehavior.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第一段末句和第二段最后三句可知，喜欢隐藏自己的感情和观点的年轻女孩更易得抑郁症。故选C。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Theolderawomanis，thelesslikelysheseemstoloseherselfinromance.B．Lackinglovecanleadyoungpeopletogrowupmorequickly.C．Earlylovemakesyoungpeoplekeepclosetotheirfriendsandparents.D．Parentsshouldhelptheirchildrentobeawareofsignsofdepression.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Thegoodnewsisthattheconnectionbetweenromanceanddepressionseemstobecomeweakwithage.Lovewillalwaysmakeusfeelyoung，butonlymaturitygivesusachancetoavoiditsbadsideeffects.”可知，随着年龄的增长，恋爱和抑郁之间的联系会逐渐减弱，年龄越大，越不容易因恋爱而变得抑郁。故选A。8．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardspuppylove?A．Confused.B．Disapproving.C．7Neutral.D．Scared.答案　B解析　观点态度题。根据第一段前两句中的“...itisabadthingforyoungpeople.Puppylove(早恋)maybringstressforyoungpeopleandcanleadtodepression.”和第三段第二、三句“Tryingromanceoftencausesthedepression.Sheadviseskidsnottojumpintoromancetooearly.”可知，早恋对青少年的伤害很大，作者不赞成早恋。故选B。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Themanfromamountainvillageishonest，whichhasearnedhimagoodreputationnearby.22\n名声，名誉2．Juliawasvagueaboutwhereshehadbeenandwhatshehadbeendoing，whichmadeusconfused.模糊的3．Hewasamusiccritic.WhatIdiscoveredwashiscriticalwritings.批判性的4．Heisinastateofdeepdepressiononaccountofhisfailuretopasstheexamination.抑郁5．Loveiswhenyoutakeawaythefeeling，thepassion，andtheromanceinarelationshipandfindoutthatyoustillcareforthatperson.浪漫6．Asanadult，youshouldshowsomematurityandbeconsiderateofothergymmembers.成熟7．Powerisnotreallygoodorbad；itisneutral.中立的(二)同义词语替换8．Originally，wehadplannedatourofScotlandbutwedidn’tgointheend.Atfirst/Inthebeginning9．Ididn’tagreewiththeamountofmoneyhegaveme，sowehadadisputeabouthowmuchmoneyheowedme.anargument(三)一词多义10．covervt.包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走(一段路程)；足以支付；覆盖；n.封面，封皮；盖子(1)Hisfingerwentuptotouchtheblackpatchwhichcoveredhislefteye.覆盖(2)Itwouldnotbeeasytocovertenmilesonthatamountofpetrol.行走(一段路程)(3)Sendittotheaddressgivenwith2.50tocoverpostageandadministration.足以支付(4)IhadjustreturnedfromcoveringtheCambodianwar.采访，报导(5)Theleathercoverofthenewdictionarywasembellishedwithgoldletters.封面，封皮Ⅱ.长难句理解1．ShehasresignedfromherjobasChinaeditorbecauseheremployerswillnotpayheratthesamerateastheypaythehandfulofmenwhodoasimilarlychallengingandimportantjob.22\n[句式分析]　本句话主干部分为主谓宾结构，because引导的是原因状语从句；astheypaythe...为as引导的方式状语从句；whodoasimilarly...为who引导的定语从句。[精美译文]　她辞去了中国区编辑的职务，因为她的雇主没有付给她同那些和她做相似挑战性和重要性工作的男性同等的薪酬。2．Anewstudyof8,000youngpeopleintheJournalofHealthandSocialBehaviorshowsthatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople.[句式分析]　本句话主干是主谓宾结构，可以简化为Anewstudyshowsthat...。thatalthoughlovecanmakeadultslivehealthilyandhappily，itisabadthingforyoungpeople是宾语从句，里面含有although引导的让步状语从句。[精美译文]　在《健康和社会行为》杂志中，一项对8000名年轻人的研究表明恋爱虽然能使成年人健康快乐地生活，但是对青少年是有害的。专题强化练(二十)Ⅰ.单项填空1．entirelywiththeflagshipsmartphoneanddirectedbyPeterChan(陈可辛)，the7-minutevideofollowsatrainattendantonasix-daytrainjourneyfromNanningtoHarbin.A．ShotB．PicturedC．ScreenedD．Videoed答案　A解析　句意为：完全使用智能手机拍摄，陈可辛执导的这部七分钟的短片追踪了一名从南宁到哈尔滨的火车上的一位列车员，该趟列车行程六天。shoot拍摄；picture画，想象；screen放映；video录制。根据句意，故选A。2．WhenyouwalkintoanydepartmentstoreinWuxi，chancesarethatyouwillseesignswithasingledigitnumberandtheChinesecharacter“zhe”prominentlydisplayednexttoproductsthatareon.A．discountB．bargainC．saleD．reduction22\n答案　C解析　句意为：当你走进无锡的任何一家百货公司时，在正促销的商品旁边你都会看到贴着醒目的促销牌子，上边会有数字和一个中国汉字“折”。discount打折；bargain交易，便宜货；sale销售；reduction减少。onsale廉价出售。根据句意，故选C。3．Whatisthepsychologybehindyourmindlessscribbles(涂鸦)？Ifyourflower，forexample，hasalargecircularcenter，expressesconfidenceandtheenjoymentofagoodsociallife.A．whichB．asC．thisD．such答案　C解析　句意为：信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理？例如，如果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心，这表明你充满自信，社交生活愉快。if引导条件状语从句，因此“expressesconfidenceandtheenjoymentofagoodsociallife”是主句，无须连词，which和as是连词，故A、B不正确；this指代上文提到的事情；such表示“诸如此类的人或事”。根据语境，故选C。4．OncethemassiverocketbySpaceXsprintedoff(腾空而起)atabout3∶45p．m.，everythingseemedtoasplanned，fromtheactivationofDavidBowie’s(大卫·鲍威)musicassoundtracktothepinpointreturnoftworeusableboosterrockets.A．takeoffB．gooffC．setoffD．pulloff答案　B解析　句意为：(美国)太空技术探索公司(SpaceX)的巨大火箭在下午3∶45时腾空而起，从作为配乐的大卫·鲍威的音乐的激活到两个可重复使用的助推火箭的精确返回，一切似乎都在按计划进行。takeoff起飞；gooff进行；setoff引爆；pulloff脱去。根据语境，故选B。5．PlayersoftheJapanesegame“TravelFrog”takecareofthefrogsandoftencometofeelapetowner，expressingprideinbeingthe“mother”ofdiligentanddisciplinedchildrenorworryingaboutthegrowthoftheirchildren.A．littlemorethanB．morethan22\nC．nomorethanD．notmorethan答案　B解析　句意为：日本的一款游戏“旅行青蛙”的玩家照顾青蛙，经常感觉自己不仅仅是一个宠物主人，也是勤奋的、有纪律的孩子的母亲，或者是担心孩子成长的母亲，并为此感到自豪。littlemorethan仅仅是；morethan不仅仅；nomorethan仅仅，只是；notmorethan不超过。根据语境，故选B。6．Introverts(性格内向的人)，accordingtoSusanCain，tendtoenjoybeingalone，doingquieterthingsorbeingwithjustonefriendatatime.Shesaysthatistheygettheirenergy.A．whyB．whenC．howD．where答案　C解析　句意为：性格内向的人，根据苏珊·凯恩所说，常常喜欢自己待着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why为什么；when……的时候；how如何，引导表语从句，表示方式；where……的地方。根据语境，故选C。7．Todaywefocusoniscalledrecurrentobesity(复发性肥胖)oryo-yoobesity(溜溜球式肥胖)，isthephenomenonwegainweightandthengoonasuccessfuldiet，butwithin12monthswegobacktoouroriginalweight.A．what；which；inwhichB．which；which；whereC．all；that；thatD．whatever；as；which答案　A解析　句意为：今天，我们集中在被称为“复发性肥胖”或“溜溜球式肥胖”上。这是一种现象，一个人在体重增加后通过节食成功减重，但是在12个月以内又恢复到原有的体重。“iscalledrecurrentobesity(复发性肥胖)oryo-yoobesity(溜溜球式肥胖)”是宾语从句，从句中缺乏主语，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，故第一空填what；第二空which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句内容，并在从句中作主语；“wegainweightandthengoonasuccessfuldiet”是定语从句，先行词是thephenomenon，在从句中作抽象地点状语，引导词用关系副词where或者inwhich。故选A。22\n8．The19thPartyCongresswasamilestoneinthatitnotjustforfiveortenyearswhichpartycongressestraditionallydo，butpotentiallyformorethanthirtyyearstomid-century.A．settheagendaB．setalarmbellsC．setthetrendD．setthelimit答案　A解析　句意为：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会是一个里程碑，因为它不仅做了大会传统上做的，为未来五年或十年设下了议程，而且潜在地为以后三十多年，直到本世纪中叶做了规划。settheagenda制定议程；setalarmbells设置警钟；setthetrend(在式样、风尚上)带个头；setthelimit设置限制。根据语境，故选A。9．Hadthegovernmentofferedthehelp，wealoss.A．oughtnottohavesufferedB．couldn’thavesufferedC．shouldn’tsufferD．couldn’tsuffer答案　B解析　句意为：如果政府给我们提供帮助，我们就不可能遭受损失。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故选B。10．TheSpringFestivalisthetimeofyearthatthelargestannualmassmigrationontheplanetwhenonesixthoftheworld’spopulationhome.A．willsee；travelsB．saw；wastravellingC．willbeseeing；willbetravellingD．sees；travel答案　D解析　句意为：每年的春节是这个星球上最大的年度大规模迁徙的时候，在那个时候，全球人口的六分之一旅行回家。see“见证”作定语从句中的谓语，that指代先行词thetimeof22\nyear，先行词是第三人称单数，与谓语动词see是主动关系，句子讲述客观事实用一般现在时，故第一空填sees；分数或者百分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词与所修饰的名词保持人称和数的一致，根据语境可知，population此处表示“人们”是复数，文章描述客观存在的事实用一般现在时，故第二空填travel。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读理解ANexttimeyougoshopping，keepinmindthattheremaybehiddencamerasanalyzingyourhabits.Accordingtoa2022surveyof150managersfromComputerServicesCorporation，aquarterofBritishshopsusefacialrecognitionsoftwaretocollectdataonshoppers’behavior.Withconcernsthatface-recognitioncameras“arekindofinvasive(冒犯的)”，BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流)—byfilmingpeople’sshoes.Thetechnologycancollectalargeamountofpersonalinformation.“Wehavecamerasatabout50cmoffthegroundandtheypointdownsotheyarelessinvasivethanfacialrecognition，”DuncanMann，Hoxton’sofficersaid.Asmoderncitiesgetfuller—70percentofthepopulationwillliveinurbanareasby2050—camerasandothertechnologiesaretakingoverpublicspacesandcollectingourdata.Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe，provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes.Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隐私)isconcerned.“Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering，”saidRenateSamson.Webegingivingawaydataassoonaswewakeup.Whenweenterthetransportsystem，wearegivingawayevenmoredetailsaboutourselvesthroughsmartcards，mobilephonesorcreditcards.NickMillman，directorataconsultingfirmthinksstatisticsarethekeytotheprivacyconcern.HeusedtheexampleofGoogleMaps，whichistomonitortheflowoftrafficinStockholm.Heexplained，“Itisbasicallyaddingprivacycontrolstostatisticssothatyouonlyseethedatayouneedtoknowabout.Inthiscase，Googlegetsenoughdatatoimprovetrafficbutnotsomuchthatitshowsindividualjourneypatterns.”22\n11．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Anintroductiontocollectingshoppers’data.B．Theconcernaboutgivingawaypersonaldata.C．Theproblemscausedbyimbalanceddistributionofpopulation.D．Aninventionrecordingandcollectingcustomers’information.答案　B解析　主旨大意题。根据第五段可知，本文是关于对泄露个人数据的担忧。故选B。12．ThenewtechnologyinventedbyHoxtonAnalytics.A．cangatheralotofpeople’spersonaldatafromtheirshoesB．usescamerasfittedonthegroundtocollectcustomers’dataC．hasimprovedtheaccuracyoffacialrecognitionsoftwareD．offersaperfectsolutiontocustomers’privacyconcerns答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...BritishanalysisfirmHoxtonAnalyticshascomeupwithanewwayofmeasuringfootfall(客流)—byfilmingpeople’sshoes.”可知，HoxtonAnalytics公司提出了一种通过拍摄人们的鞋子来测量客流量的新方法。即：通过鞋子收集很多的个人数据。故选A。13．Accordingtotheauthor，camerasinmoderncities.A．causeahugewasteofpublicspaceB．helpreducethesizeofpopulationinurbanareasC．arelikelytohelpimprovetrafficconditionsD．aretoavoidcrimesanddisastersandprovideefficientservices答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Theirpurposeistokeeppeoplesafe，provideefficientservicesandpreventdisastersandcrimes.”可知，现代城市中的摄像机能避免犯罪和灾害并提供有效的服务。故选D。14．WhatisRenateSamson’sattitudetowardstheriseofsmartcities?A．Worried.B．Optimistic.C．Confused.D．Uninterested.答案　A22\n解析　观点态度题。根据第四段“Butsomearenothappywiththecamerasasfarastheirprivacy(隐私)isconcerned.‘Veryfewofushaveanyrealconceptofwhatdatasmartcitiesaregathering，’saidRenateSamson.”可知，RenateSamson的态度是“担忧的”。故选A。BIfyoucouldchangeyourchild’sDNAinthefuturetoprotectthemagainstdiseases，wouldyou？ItcouldbepossiblebecauseoftechnologyknownasCRISPR-Cas，orjustCRISPR.CRISPRinvolvesapieceofRNA，achemicalmessenger，designedtoworkononepartofDNA；italsousesanenzyme(酶)thatcantakeunwantedgenesoutandputnewonesin，accordingtoTheEconomist.ThereareotherwaysofeditingDNA，butCRISPRwilldoitverysimply，quickly，andexactly.TheusesofCRISPRcouldmeanthatcuresaredevelopedforeverythingfromAlzheimer’stocancertoHIV.Byallowingdoctorstoputjusttherightcancer-killinggenesintoapatient’simmunesystem，thetechnologycouldhelpgreatly.InAprilscientistsinChinasaidtheyhadtriedusingCRISPRtoeditthegenomes(基因组)ofhumanembryos.Thoughtheembryoswouldneverturnintohumans，thiswasthefirsttimeanyonehadevertriedtoeditDNAfromhumanbeings.Withthisinmind，theUS’NationalAcademyofSciencesplanstodiscussquestionsaboutCRISPR’sethics(伦理问题)．Forexample，CRISPRdoesn’tworkproperlyyet.AswellascuttingtheDNAitislookingfor，itoftencutsotherDNA，too.Inaddition，wecurrentlyseemtohavetoolittleunderstandingofwhatDNAgivespeoplewhatqualities.Therearealsomoralquestionsaround“playingGod”．Ofcourse，medicinealreadystopsnaturalthingsfromhappening—forexample，itsavespeoplefrominfections.Theopportunitiestotreatdiseasesmakeithardtosayweshouldn’tkeepgoing.Aharderquestioniswhetheritiseverrighttoedithumangerm-line(种系)cellsandmakechangesthatarepassedontochildren.Thisisbannedin40countriesandrestrictedinmanyothers.However，CRISPRmeansthatifgenescanbeedited22\nout，theycanalsobeeditedbackin.Itmaybeuptousasasocietytodecidewhenandwhereeditingthegenomeiswrong.Also，accordingtoTheEconomist，geneeditingmaymeanthatparentsmakechoicesthatarenotobviouslyinthebestinterestsoftheirchildren：“Deafparentsmayprefertheirchildrentobedeaftoo；parentsmightwanttomaketheirchildrenmoreintelligentatallcosts.”Intheend，moreresearchisstillneededtoseewhatwecanandcan’tdowithCRISPR.“It’sstillahugemysteryhowwework，”CraigMello，aUMassMedicalSchoolbiologistandNobelPrizewinner，toldTheBostonGlobe.“We’rejusttryingtofigureoutthisamazinglycomplicatedthingwecalllife.”语篇解读　文章介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR，它在治疗疾病方面的优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。15．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．HowCRISPRwasdevelopedbyscientists.B．Whatwecanandcan’tdowithCRISPR.C．Chinesescientists’experimentofusingCRISPRtoedithumanembryos.D．TheadvantagesofCRISPRandargumentsaboutitsethics.答案　D解析　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种为抵抗疾病而改变基因组织的新科技CRISPR，其优点和在伦理方面引发的人们的各种争论。故选D。16．Accordingtothearticle，thetechnologyofCRISPR.A．isverysafebecauseitonlycutstheDNAitislookingforB．isbannedin42countriesandrestrictedinmanyothersC．couldcauseparentstomakeunwisechoicesfortheirchildrenD．couldhelpusdiscoverthelinkbetweenDNAandthequalitiesitgivespeople答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...geneeditingmaymeanthatparentsmakechoicesthatarenotobviouslyinthebestinterestsoftheirchildren：‘Deafparents22\nmayprefertheirchildrentobedeaftoo；parentsmightwanttomaketheirchildrenmoreintelligentatallcosts.’”可知，由于基因被改变，会导致父母不能正确对孩子做出决定。故选C。17．ItcanbeconcludedfromthearticlethatCRISPR.A．couldbehelpfulinthetreatmentofcancerandHIVB．allowsscientiststoeditgenomesforthefirsttimeC．isatechnologythatusesanenzymetoworkonRNAandDNAD．hasproventobethemosteffectivewaytoprotectchildrenagainstdiseases答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“TheusesofCRISPRcouldmeanthatcuresaredevelopedforeverythingfromAlzheimer’stocancertoHIV.”可知，CRISPR技术可以促进阿尔兹海默症、癌症及艾滋病等这些疾病的治疗，即对这些疾病的治疗有帮助作用。故选A。18．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCRISPR?A．Supportive.B．Worried.C．Negative.D．Objective.答案　D解析　观点态度题。文章中作者详细介绍了CRISPR技术，它在治疗疾病方面的帮助作用，以及在使用中人们对它的各种顾虑。作者对此是客观如实地介绍的，所以他对此技术的观点是客观的。故选D。Ⅲ.任务型阅读Factoryfarmingisatypeoffarmingthatinvolvesraisingahugenumberoflivestock(牲畜)incomparativelytinierenclosedspaces，withaviewtosupplyingthemtothelivestockmarket.Ittookrootinthelaterpartofthe19thcentury.OnthearrivaloftheIndustrialRevolution，theinventionsofantibioticsandpesticideswereincreasinginnumber，whichmadeitpossibletopracticefactoryfarming.Andgradually，withbetterfarmingmethods，livestockwereabletoberaisedindoorsleadingtomassproductioninashorterwhile.Nowadays，accordingtoreliablesources，morethan50%ofthelivestockareproducedusingthisconcept.Factoryfarmingisoneofthemostimportantfoodproductionmethodsaroundthe22\nworldtodaybecauseithasalotofadvantages.Forexample，therearehugenumbersofmouthstofeed，andmassproductionleadstothepurchaseofpoultryandtherelateditems.Sincetheitemsaren’tpricedtoohighforconsumerstoafford，peopleappreciatebuyingtheminalargenumber.Andasmoreandmorelivestockareartificiallyraised，moreandmorechicken，beefandeggsareoutforsale.Thepurchaserateishigheranddespitebeingreasonablypriced，theproducefetchesaprofitforthefarms.Inaddition，sincethebusinessisenormousandneedsasmanyhandsaspossibletoincreasethefoodproduce，anequalnumberofstaffarerequiredforwork，whichresultsinagrowthintherelatedjobs.However，therearealsodisadvantagesoffactoryfarming.Forinstance，theanimalsareartificiallybred，andsincetheprocedureisnotnatural，theendproductscouldbeofpoorquality.Antibioticsareinjectedintocowsandhens，makingthemmoreunlikelytosufferfromdirtanddisease.Asaresult，theeggsandmeatwillnotbeasgoodasusual.Theproductsthusobtainedareofsuchlowquality，whichultimatelyaffectsourhealthaswell.Actually，sincetheentireproductionisartificial，themeatisoverloadedwithhormones(激素)anddrugs，andthebacteriadevelopresistancetotheantibiotics，whichiswhymanydiseasesremainuntreated.Worsestill，theanimals’wastecanpollutethewaterandair，causingextensivedamagetotheenvironment.Itmayalsoleadtoharmfulemissionsandcontributetothealreadyincreasingglobalwarming.Becauseoftheaboveadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffactoryfarming，theconcepthasbeenasubjectofmassivedebateallovertheworld，whereverthispracticehasbeenemployed.Supportersofthisconceptarguethatitdoesprovideenoughfoodfortheincreasingpopulationandismoreaffordable.However，unfavorableopinionssuggestthattherearebetterwaysofproducingfood，ratherthansubjectinganimalstothissuffering.Thedebatehasbeengoingonforquiteawhile，withnoonebeingabletogaintheupperhand.Title：FactoryFarmingDefinitionFactoryfarmingreferstoraisingsomanyfarmanimalsina19.22\nspacetomeettherequirementsofpeople’sdailylife.Background·Withmoreantibioticsandpesticides20.，factoryfarmingcameintobeinginthelate19thcentury.·Asfarmingmethodsimproved，factoryfarming21.massproductioninashorterwhile.·Overhalfofthelivestockareproducedthroughfactoryfarmingatthepresenttime.Advantages·Factoryfarmingproducesmorefoodtofeedalarge22..·Theitemsproducedthroughfactoryfarmingare23.forordinaryconsumers.·Thehigherpurchaseratemakesfactoryfarming24.，inspiteofthereasonableprice.·Factoryfarmingcontributestoanincreasingnumberofworking25..Disadvantages·Theanimalsaren’t26.broughtup，sothequalityoftheendproductscouldnotbegoodenough.·Antibioticsareinjectedintotheanimals，whichmakesbacteria27.todrugsandleavesmanydiseasesuntreated.DebateSomepeoplesupportthisconcept，whilesomeothersareagainstitbecausetheythinkfoodshouldbeproducedinbetterways.Thedebatehas28.long，butneithersidehasgottheedgeovertheother.语篇解读　本文介绍了工厂化农业的优势和劣势。这一概念在全世界引起了广泛的争论，辩论持续了很长时间，但两边都没有优势。19．答案　limited解析　转换词汇题。根据第一段第一句“Factoryfarmingisatypeoffarmingthatinvolvesraisingahugenumberoflivestock(牲畜)incomparativelytinierenclosed22\nspaces...”可知，工厂化农业是指在有限的空间内饲养如此多的家畜来满足人们日常生活的需要。故答案为limited。20．答案　invented解析　转换词汇题。根据第一段第三句“OnthearrivaloftheIndustrialRevolution，theinventionsofantibioticsandpesticideswereincreasinginnumber，whichmadeitpossibletopracticefactoryfarming.”可知，随着更多的抗生素和杀虫剂的发明，这使工厂化农业成为可能。答案为invented。21．答案　caused解析　转换词汇题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Andgradually，withbetterfarmingmethods，livestockwereabletoberaisedindoorsleadingtomassproductioninashorterwhile.”可知，随着耕作方法的改进，工厂化农业使大规模生产缩短了时间。答案为caused。22．答案　population解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段第二句“...therearehugenumbersofmouthstofeed，andmassproductionleadstothepurchaseofpoultryandtherelateditems.”可知，工厂化的农业生产出更多的食物来养活大量的人口。根据句意可知答案为population。23．答案　affordable/inexpensive/cheap解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段第三句“Sincetheitemsaren’tpricedtoohighforconsumerstoafford，peopleappreciatebuyingtheminalargenumber.”可知，工厂化生产的产品对普通消费者来说是可以付得起的/便宜的。故答案为affordable/inexpensive/cheap。24．答案　profitable解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段倒数第二句“Thepurchaserateishigheranddespitebeingreasonablypriced，theproducefetchesaprofitforthefarms.”可知，尽管价格亲民，较高的采购率使工厂化的农业仍有利可图。可知答案为profitable。25．答案　opportunities解析　转换词汇题。根据第二段最后一句“...sincethebusinessisenormousandneedsasmanyhandsaspossibletoincreasethefoodproduce，anequalnumberofstaffarerequiredforwork，whichresultsinagrowthintherelatedjobs.”可知，工厂化耕作有助于增加工作机会。故答案为opportunities。26．答案　naturally22\n解析　转换词汇题。根据第三段第二句中的“sincetheprocedureisnotnatural，theendproductscouldbeofpoorquality”可知，这些动物不是自然养大的，因此，最终产品的质量是不够好的。故答案为naturally。27．答案　resistant解析　转换词汇题。根据第三段倒数第三句中的“thebacteriadevelopresistancetotheantibiotics，whichiswhymanydiseasesremainuntreated”可知，向动物体内注射抗生素，这使细菌对药物产生耐药性，使许多疾病不能治疗。故答案为resistant。28．答案　lasted解析　转换词汇题。根据最后一段最后一句“Thedebatehasbeengoingonforquiteawhile，withnoonebeingabletogaintheupperhand.”可知，辩论持续了很长时间，但两边都没有优势。故答案为lasted。22