天津专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破四推理判断_细节推断题优选习题

四、推理判断——细节推断题(2022·6月天津，B)WhenIwas17，IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay，oncethehomeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday，SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked，“Doyouhavetheaddress？”“No，butI’llrecognizeit，therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh，stop.Thereitis！”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered，excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingandstaredatus.“MayIhelpyou？”amanasked.“No，”Isaid.“We’refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren’tthatinterestedin？Sallyhadgoneupstairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(爱窥探的)，keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.Whatwastheirproblem？Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstandingbehindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare？”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuseum！”Hesmiled，shakinghishead.“Sorry，theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What’sthisplace？”Iasked，stillconfused.“Well，it’sourhome.”Myheart19\njolted(震颤).Iracedtothestaircaseandcalledout，“Sally!Comedownimmediately！”“There’ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown，lookingconfused.Ipushedhertowardthefrontdoor，wavingatthefamily，saying，“Sorry，pleaseforgiveus，youhaveareallyniceplace.”Outside，whenItoldSallywhathappened，shecoveredhermouth，laughing.Shecouldn’tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid，butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh，Picasso.Thistime，westayedtogether，incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater，awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme，didyoueverenteraresidence，longago，thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum？”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow？Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover，IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeelingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I’vealwayswantedtothankyou.”语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。如果你误把一户人家当成博物馆并且四处参观，会是怎样一种奇特的经历呢？本文中作者讲述了她的亲身体验。41.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的watercolorist(水彩画家)可知，MarianMcNay是一位painter(画家)。故答案为A。42.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.19\nB.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.”(导游令我很烦)可知，“我”把那个人误认为是导游了。故答案为D。43.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑“Whatwastheirproblem？”及后文中的stillconfused可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。故答案为A。44.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.答案　D解析　推理判断题。文章最后三段提到30年后“我”偶遇那户人家的一个孩子，她说“我”把她家误认为博物馆使她看到了它的美丽，由此可知，本文作者不是重点描述McNay博物馆，而是描述这次突发事件带来的影响，故答案为D“房子里发生的事更重要”。45.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.答案　C解析　推理判断题。从最后一段中那个女士说的话“在你进来之前，我从未意识到我住的是个多么美丽的地方，我以前从未感到过幸运”可推知，人们往往会忽视自己周围事物的美。19\n一、题型解读细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat.2.Whatcanweinfer/learnfrom...?3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.4.Thepassage/story...indicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：【真题感悟】中的45题根据文章最后一段中的“Beforeyoucameover，IneverrealizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美视而不见。故选C。(2022·河北区二模)“CanIseemybaby？”askedthehappynewmother.Thebundle(婴儿包)wasplacedinherarmsandwhenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface，shegasped—thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears.Time，however，provedthatthebaby’shearingwasperfectexcepthisappearance.Onedaywhenherushedhomefromschoolandthrewhimselfintohismother’sarms，he19\ncriedoutbitterly，“Aboy，abigboy...calledme—afreak.”Shesighed，knowingthathislifewastobeendlessofheartbreaks.Hegrewup，handsomeforhismisfortune.Afavoritewithhisfellowstudents，hemighthavebeenclasspresident，butforthat.Hedevelopedagiftforliteratureandmusic.Theboy’sfatherhadatalkwiththefamilydoctor.“Couldnothingbedone？”“Ibelievewecouldgraft(移植)onapairofouterears，iftheycouldbedonated，”thedoctordecided.Sothesearchbeganforapersonwhowouldmakesuchasacrificeforayoungman.Twoyearswentby.Then，“You’regoingtothehospital，son.MotherandIhavesomeonewhowilldonatetheearsyouneed.Butit’sasecret.”saidthefather.Theoperationwasabrilliantsuccess.Histalentsblossomedintogenius.Schoolandcollegebecameaseriesofsuccesses.Later，hemarriedandenteredthediplomatic(外交)service.“ButImustknow！”heurgedhisfather.“Whogavesomuchforme?Icouldneverdoenoughforhim.”“Idonotbelieveyoucould，”saidthefather，“buttheagreementwasthatyouarenottoknow...notyet.”Theyearskeptthesecret，butthedaydidcome—oneofthedarkestdaysthateverpassedthroughason.Hestoodwithhisfatheroverhismother’scasket(棺材).Slowlyandtenderly，thefatherstretchedforthahandandraisedthethick，reddish-brownhairtoletoutthesecret.1.Thestoryismainlyabout.A.howaboyhadnewearsthroughanoperationB.whatadevotedparentprivatelydidforthechildC.howadisabledboyturnedintoausefulpersonD.whyadonatormadeasacrificetoabrightboy答案　B解析　主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。故选B。2.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatthemother.A.wasdeterminedtodonateherearstoperfectherson19\nB.keptherhusbandunknownaboutthebaby’ssituationC.feltshockedanddisappointedtoseehernewbabyD.complainedofherbadlucktohaveadisabledchild答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“whenshemovedthefoldofclothtolookuponhistinyface，shegasped—thebabyhadbeenbornwithoutears”可知，母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失望。3.Theunderlinedword“freak”inParagraph2istheclosestinmeaningto“”.A.slow-actingpersonB.ugly-lookingchildC.badly-behavedstudentD.strangely-shapedcreature答案　D解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“hecriedoutbitterly，‘Aboy，abigboy...calledmea‘freak’”可知，有个大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能会使很多同学联想到那个男孩子没有耳朵，而将freak一词误理解为“长相丑陋”，下文中描述道“Hegrewup，handsomeforhismisfortune”可知，男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因为没有耳朵在外形上与普通人不一样，因此我们猜测该词的含义为：strangely-shapedcreature。4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theagreementwasbetweenthedonatorandthefamily.B.Theboywassopopularthathewasmadeclasspresident.C.Finallytheboycametoknowwhothedonatorwas.D.Themotherdonatedherearstohersonaftershedied.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是母亲把耳朵给了他。故选C。5.Whatmorallessoncanwedrawfromthisreading?A.Realloveliesinwhatisdoneunknownratherthanwhatisdoneknown.B.Itisuptoparentstohelptheirchildrenheartandsoul.19\nC.Truebeautyliesonlyintheheartnotinappearance.D.Itisavirtueforyounggenerationstolearntobegrateful.答案　A解析　推理判断题。本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。B(2022·南开区一模)Askmostpeopleanywhereintheworldwhattheywantoutoflifeandthereplywillprobablybe：“tobehappy”.EdDeiner，anAmericanpsychologyprofessor，hasspenthiswholeprofessionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy，comparinglevelsofhappinessbetweenculturesandtryingtofindoutexactlywhyweenjoyourselves.Manypeoplewouldsaythatthisquestiondoesnotneedananswer.ButProfessorDeinerhasoneanyway.“Ifyou’reacheerful，happyperson，yourmarriageismorelikelytolast，andyou’remorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage，happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems，andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”Sowhoaretheworld’shappiestpeople？Itdependsonhowthewordisdefined.Thereisindividualhappiness，thesenseofjoywegetwhenwedosomethingwelike.Butthereisalsothefeelingofsatisfactionwegetwhenweknowthatothersrespectusandapproveofhowwebehave.AccordingtoProfessorDeiner，theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.“IntheWest，theindividualisticculturemeansthatyourmoodmattersmuchmorethanitdoesintheEast.Peopleaskthemselvesiftheyaredoingwhatisfunorinteresting.Theybecomeunhappywhentheycan’tdoanyofthesethings.IfyouaskpeoplefromJapanorChinaiftheyarehappy，theytendtolookatwhathasgonewrongintheirlives.Ifnotmuchhasgonewrong，thentheyaresatisfied.”PeoplefromSpainandotherSpanish-speakingcountrieshadthehappiestculture，ProfessorDeinerfound.“Thebiggestculturaldifferenceistodowithprideandshame.Hispanic(西班牙语的)culturesreportmuchmoreprideandmuchlessshamethanothers.”19\nIncomealsomadeabigdifferencetopeople’shappiness，butonlyatthelowestlevels.AverageincomeearnersintheUSweremuchhappierthanpeopleinpoverty.Butmillionaireswereonlyalittlebithappierthanpeopleonaverageincomes.Itseemsthatmoneymakesushappywhenwehaveenoughtofeelsecure.6.Accordingtothepassage，happypeopleenjoythefollowingbenefitsEXCEPT.A.alongmarriageB.respectfromothersC.professionsuccessD.betterhealth答案　B解析　细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“Ifyou’reacheerful，happyperson，yourmarriageismorelikelytolast，andyou’remorelikelytomakemoneyandbesuccessfulatyourjob.Onaverage，happypeoplehavestrongerimmunesystems，andthereissomeevidencethattheylivelonger.”可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来的好处。文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。7.InProfessorDeiner’sopinion，.A.AsianshaveaculturetoenjoyindividualhappinessB.WesternerscaremoreaboutmutualsatisfactionthanAsiansC.Asiansfocusmoreonothers’respectandapprovalthanWesternersD.Westernersvalueindividualhappinessasmuchasmutualsatisfaction答案　C解析　推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“AccordingtoProfessorDeiner，theWesternworldpursuesindividualhappinesswhileAsiaprefersmutualsatisfaction.”可知，Deiner认为西方人更追求个人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefifthparagraph?A.AttitudetowardsprideandshameresultsinSpanishhappiness.B.Spanishpeopletaketoomuchprideinthemselves.C.Hispaniccultureslaystressonprideandshame.D.IfyouarefromSpain，youarethehappiest.答案　A19\n解析　推理判断题。第五段大意为“来自西班牙和以西班牙语为母语国家的人拥有最快乐的文化，Deiner发现最大的文化差别在于对骄傲和耻辱的态度，西班牙文化比其他文化更强调骄傲而非耻辱”。由此可推知，对骄傲和耻辱的态度造就了西班牙语文化的快乐属性，所以A项正确。9.Inthelastparagraph，theauthorseemstotellus.A.poorpeopleenjoythesamehappinessasmillionairesB.thehigherincomeonegets，thehappierlifehelivesC.averageincomeearnerslivethehappiestlifeD.enoughmoneycanmakeusfeelsafeandhappy答案　D解析　推理判断题。最后一段大意为“收入也会导致快乐程度的不同，美国中产阶层比贫穷阶层过得更快乐，但百万富翁只比中产阶层快乐一点点，钱会使人快乐是因为当我们拥有足够的钱时我们会有安全感。”由此可知，作者在最后一段表达了“足够多的钱会让人们感到快乐和安全”这样一种看法，所以D项正确；但此段并无“钱越多人就越快乐”之意，B项将“足够多的钱能让人快乐”和“钱越多人越快乐”混为一谈，所以B项错误。10.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.culturaldifferencesinhappinessB.thehappiestcultureC.reasonsforhappinessD.benefitsofhappiness答案　C解析　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了令人快乐的原因，第一段中的“anAmericanpsychologyprofessor，hasspenthiswholeprofessionallifestudyingwhatmakespeoplehappy”引出后文所有内容，可见文章重点是关于快乐原因的讨论，所以C项正确。题型组合练(七)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Thelanguageinthecompany’sstatementishighly，thusmakingitsstaff19\nconfused.A.ambiguousB.apparentC.appropriateD.aggressive答案　A解析　句意为：公司的声明中用的语言非常含糊，因此使得职员们非常困惑。ambiguous含糊的，不明确的；apparent明显的；appropriate适当的；aggressive有进取心的。由后面的“makingitsstaffconfused”可知，公司的声明非常的含糊。故A选项正确。2.TheTangDynastyisgenerallyregardedasagoldenchapterbypeopleworldwide，theChinesecivilizationinfluencedmanyneighboringcountries.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who答案　B解析　句意为：唐朝被世界范围的人们认为是一个黄金时期，在这个时期，中国文明影响了很多邻近的国家。“theChinesecivilizationinfluencedmanyneighboringcountries”是非限制性定语从句，修饰theTangDynasty，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导该从句。B选项正确。3.—Howwasyourjobinterview?—Verysuccessful.Imyhomeworkaboutthecompany，youknow.A.haddoneB.havedoneC.didD.wasdoing答案　A解析　句意为：——你的工作面试怎么样？——非常成功。你知道我了解过这家公司。由第一句可知，参加面试是过去的行为，那么了解该公司应该是面试之前的行为，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。4.Theeducationalreformisnowunderwaythroughoutthecountry，thestudentsmoreopportunitiestodeveloptotheirgreatestpotential.A.tograntB.havinggrantedC.grantingD.granted答案　C解析　句意为：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语theeducational19\nreform与grant之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。C选项正确。5.WhenPaulforthefinalgameofthebasketballseason，hisfansletoutshoutsofcry.A.madeupB.showedupC.caughtupD.heldup答案　B解析　句意为：当保罗出现在篮球赛季的最后一场比赛上时，他的粉丝们爆发出喊叫声。makeup组成，编造；showup到场，出现；catchup赶上；holdup举起，耽搁。粉丝喊叫应该是保罗出场时，故B选项正确。6.morethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.A.ScatteredaroundtheglobeareB.ScatteringarearoundtheglobeC.ArearoundtheglobescatteredD.Arescatteredaroundtheglobe答案　A解析　句意为：地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区，地质学家称之为“热点”。正常语序是“Morethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspotsarescatteredaroundtheglobe.”表语提前，把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。7.hishighsocialstatus，itisreallyhardforustohisjoiningusingoingwesttoteachchildrenthere.A.Considering；opposeB.Considered；preventfromC.Toconsider；persuadeD.Beingconsidered；objectto答案　A解析　句意为：鉴于他的高社会地位，我们真的很难反对他和我们一起去西部教书。consideringprep.鉴于，opposev.反对，根据句意可知答案为A。8.Inthepast，scienceclassstartedfromgradethree.Butthenewcurriculumallows19\njuniorstudentstonaturalsciencesearlier.A.priorityB.privilegeC.adaptationD.access答案　D解析　priority优先权；privilege特权；adaptation适应；access(使用或见到的)机会。句意为：在过去，科学课程从三年级开始。但是新课程使初级学生可以更早地接触自然科学。根据句意可知答案为D。9.madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What；becauseB.What；thatC.That；whatD.That；because答案　B解析　分析句子结构可知，madetheschoolproud缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两项。再结合morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词，所以选用that。故选B。10.Recentpressureatworkmayhisabnormalbehavior.A.pushforB.exchangeforC.accountforD.headfor答案　C解析　pushfor为……而奋力争取；exchangefor交换；accountfor解释……的原因；headfor朝……走去。句意为：最近工作压力可能是他反常行为的原因。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空Rafaelstaresatthemathprobleminfrontofhim：11*7.Isimply11him，asking，“Well，howdidthe12explainthesesortsofexercises？”Rafaelbeginsdrawingcircleslinedupinrowsoffive，andIhelphim13therows.ThenIshowhima(n)14wayandwatchhimstarttogetthehangofit.“Doyou15now？”“Mm-hm.”Hewritesabig77nexttothemathproblem.EveryTuesdayafternoon，I16ninetyminuteshelpingelementaryschoolchildren17Rafaelwholiveinalow-incomeneighborhoodnearmyhighschool.Ihelpthem19\nwiththeir18.ThefirsttimeIvisitedthechildren’scenter，Iwaseight.Mymother，whotaughtthekidsEnglish，had19tobringthemsomeofourold20andaskedifIwantedtocometotheir21.Hearingthisdemand，Iwasabit22.WhatcouldIdo?Iwasonlyeight.But，asIlearned，youcanalwayshelpthem23.ThatparticulardayIhelpedaseven-year-oldboyreadoneofthebookswehadbrought.Eversince，we’vebeengoodfriends.Now，nineyearslater，Istill24inthischildren’scenter.Eventhoughitmightseem25tohelpkidsreadstoriesaboutfarmanimals，orshowthemhowtomultiplynumbers，thosearethethingsthatbuildtheminto26adults.Thefamiliesofthesekidsareusuallyimmigrantswhoaren’tabletohelptheirkidswithschoolworkor27givethemawarmmealeveryday.Thatis28theyarethere.The29iswheresomeonemakessuretheydotheirhomework；it’swheretheygrowandlearnwheretheyfeel30.Ican’tstressenoughhowluckyIfeeltobeapartofthat.11.A.laughatB.glareatC.shoutatD.glanceat答案　D解析　laughat嘲笑；glareat怒视；shoutat大喊；glanceat一瞥。句意为：我只是瞥了(glanceat)他一眼。12.A.sisterB.teacherC.fatherD.student答案　B解析　这是一个数学问题，可以推断是在问“老师(teacher)是怎么解释这些练习题的？”13.A.countB.drawC.plantD.find答案　A解析　count数；draw画；plant种植；find查找。根据上文可知，这是一道跟数学有关的问题，所以应该填入“计数”。句意为：拉斐尔开始画五行的圆圈，我帮他数(count)行数。19\n14.A.strangeB.differentC.availableD.free答案　B解析　strange奇怪的；different不同的；available可获得的；free免费的。此处是指作者教给他解决数学题的另一种不同的方法。15.A.understandB.hearC.rememberD.leave答案　A解析　understand明白；hear听到；remember记得；leave离开。根据上文教了孩子另一种方法和下文孩子自己计算出答案可知，这里应填“明白”。句意为：现在你明白(understand)了吗？16.A.costB.wasteC.takeD.spend答案　D解析　cost花费；waste浪费；take花费，耗费(时间等)；spend花费。此句为sb.spendtimedoingsth.固定搭配，意为“某人花时间做某事”，故选D。17.A.unlikeB.asC.likeD.beyond答案　C解析　unlike不像；as如同；like像；beyond超过，越过。本句的意思是帮助像拉斐尔这样的小学生。18.A.homeworkB.houseworkC.teamworkD.handwork答案　A解析　根据下文“theydotheirhomework”可知，此处是指我辅导他们做作业。19.A.decidedB.pretendedC.agreedD.refused答案　A解析　decide决定；pretend假装；agree同意；refuse拒绝。句意为：我的母亲教孩子们英语，她决定给他们带一些我们的旧书并询问我是否愿意帮助他们。19\n20.A.toysB.clothesC.pensD.books答案　D解析　根据下文“ThatparticulardayIhelpedaseven-year-oldboyreadoneofthebookswehadbrought.”说明带过去的是书。21.A.rescueB.sensesC.assistanceD.resistance答案　C解析　rescue营救，援救，解救；sense感觉；assistance援助，帮助；resistance阻力，抵抗。此处是指妈妈问我是否愿意给他们提供帮助(assistance)。22.A.confusedB.thrilledC.delightedD.shocked答案　A解析　根据下文“WhatcouldIdo？Iwasonlyeight.”可知，作者觉得：我能做些什么呢？我只有八岁。可以判断作者对此感到困惑(confused)。23.A.thereforeB.thusC.somehowD.however答案　C解析　therefore因此；thus因此；somehow以某种方式，不知何故；however无论如何。句意为：但是，我感到我总能以某种方式帮助他们。24.A.volunteerB.studyC.serveD.stay答案　A解析　volunteer自愿(做某事)；study学习；serve服务；stay停留。句意为：9年后的今天，我仍然在这个儿童中心做志愿者(volunteer)。25.A.invisibleB.independentC.unavoidableD.insignificant答案　D19\n解析　invisible无形的，看不见的；independent独立的；unavoidable不可避免的；insignificant无关紧要的。后面的主句说这些事情帮助孩子们长大成人，这是一项非常重要的事情，Eventhough为转折词“尽管”，说明此处指看起来无关紧要(insignificant)。26.A.successfulB.gratefulC.carefulD.peaceful答案　A解析　successful成功的；grateful感谢的；careful仔细的，小心的；peaceful和平的，平静的。想把孩子们培养成一个什么样的成人呢，必然是成功的人，因此，此空应填successful。27.A.everB.stillC.evenD.yet答案　C解析　ever永远；still仍然；even甚至，即使；yet然而。根据句意可知，后面的句子更深一步地强调了孩子们的处境，所以这里填的应该是带有递进性的副词。句意为：甚至(even)不能每天给他们一顿温暖的饭。28.A.whereB.whenC.howD.why答案　D解析　前面描述的是这些孩子们的处境，句意为：这就是为什么(why)他们在那里(儿童中心)。29.A.schoolB.centerC.homeD.classroom答案　B解析　本段一直在描述与儿童中心有关的内容，根据上下文这里应该指上文提到的“thechildren’scenter”。句意为：在这个中心里，有人会确保他们做自己的功课……。30.A.madeuseofB.takencareofC.caughtsightofD.takenchargeof答案　B解析　makeuseof使用，利用；takecareof照顾，抚养；catchsightof瞥见；takechargeof接管，负责。根据句意，可知此处是指这里让孩子们感到被照顾。Ⅲ.阅读理解19\n(2022·天津十二区县一模)ManypublicfiguresfromIT，showbusiness，andsportshavejoinedtheIceBucketChallengetoraisemoneyforamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)(肌萎缩性侧索硬化)research.Anumberofinternationalfamouspeoplehavealreadytakenthechallenge，includingMicrosoftco-founderBillGates，FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberg，Amazon.comfounderandCEOJeffBezos，andAppleInc.CEOTimCook.TroubledmusicianJustinBieberevenchallengedUSPresidentBarackObama.TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipantspourabucketoficewateronthemselvesandthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominatingoneormorepeopletodothesamewithin24hours.Peoplewhofailtotakethechallengewillhavetodonate100toTheALSAssociation，whichadvocatesfindingtreatmentandacureforALS.Andmanyofthosewho’vetakenthechallengedonatedaswell.ALSisararediseasethatgraduallyreducespatients’musclestrength，finallymakingthembecomeunabletospeak，move，swallowandbreathe.InNorthAmerica，ALSiscommonlyknownasLouGehrig’sdisease，afterthestarbaseballplayerwhodiedofthediseasein1941attheageof38.Thebest-knownALSpatienttodayisBritishscientistStephenHawking.WhilemostpeoplewithALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyearsafterdiagnosis(诊断)，Hawkinghashadthediseasefordecades.ThemedicaltreatmentforALSisveryexpensiveandcannotbecoveredbymostsocialwelfareprograms.ThiscreatesdifficultiesformanyALSpatientsandtheirfamilies，bothphysicallyandmentally.“Duetotheicebucketcampaign，manypeoplearebeginningtoknowaboutALS.WithmorepeopleawareandmorepeopletakingpartinthefightagainstALS，wecancalmlyworkwithnotonlyotherALSorganizations，butalsowithmedicalcompaniestospeedupnewtreatmentsforpeopleaffectedbythedisease，”saidBarbaraNewhouse，PresidentandCEOofTheALSAssociation.31.WhydoestheauthormentionmanyfamouspeopleinParagraph1?A.TostressthepopularityoftheIceBucketChallenge.B.Toadviseustolearnfromthem.C.Toprovetheyaregenerous.19\nD.TointroducethetargetgroupoftheIceBucketChallenge.答案　A解析　推理判断题。文章第一段主要介绍很多名人都参与了冰桶挑战，故可推知作者意在通过列举名人吸引读者注意，突出强调冰桶挑战的流行，进而引出下文对冰桶挑战及背景的介绍，故A项正确。32.Paragraph2ismainlyabouttheIceBucketchallenge’s.A.influenceB.purposeC.rulesD.development答案　C解析　段落大意题。第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战要求参与者要将一桶冰水倒在自己身上，并在社交媒体上发布一个视频，提名一个或更多的人在24小时内做同样的事情，那些没有完成挑战的人要捐100美元给ALS机构。因此，第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战的规则，rules符合文意。influence意为“影响”；purpose意为“目的”；development意为“发展”，均不符合文意。33.Thepersonwhoisnominatedforthechallengeisrequiredto.A.donate100toTheALSAssociationB.watchothersvideosonsocialmediaC.helpfindeffectivetreatmentsforALSD.pouricewateronhimselfwithintime答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TheALSIceBucketChallengerequiresthatparticipantspourabucketoficewateronthemselvesandthenpostavideoofitonsocialmediawhilenominatingoneormorepeopletodothesamewithin24hours.”可知，被提名参加冰桶挑战的人要在规定时间内把冰水倒在自己身上。34.WhatdoweknowaboutALSfromthetext?A.ALSisfairlycommonnow.B.LouGehrigwasfirstcuredofALS.C.ItisrareforpeoplewithALStosurvivedecades.D.SocialwelfareprogramsprovidemedicaltreatmentsforALS.答案　C19\n解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“WhilemostpeoplewithALSsurviveonlytwotofiveyearsafterdiagnosis(诊断)...”可知，大多数患有ALS的人在确诊后一般只活了2到5年。故可推知，很少患有ALS的人能够活数十年，故C项正确。35.AccordingtoBarbaraNewhouse，theIceBucketChallenge.A.makesmorepeoplewellawareofALSB.teachespeoplehowtofightagainstALSC.makesmedicalcompanieshelpALSpatientsD.attractsmanypeopletojoinALSorganizations答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Duetotheicebucketcampaign，manypeoplearebeginningtoknowaboutALS.可知，冰桶挑战使很多人了解了ALS，故A项正确。19