江苏专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破4推理判断_细节推断题优选习题

四、推理判断——细节推断题ItwasalreadymidnightandIwaswalkingquicklyoutofRecoveryRoom，knowingIhadtobebackearlynextmorning.Thoughinahurry，Inoticedalonewomanwithananxiouslookonherface.Asitturnedout，herdaughter-in-lawhadjustbeentransferredtoIntensiveCare，soIdecidedtotakeherupthere.Downthehall，shestated，“Ibetyou’retryingtoleave，aren’tyou？”Iconfirmedherobservation，addingthatitwasquiteallright.Wesoonarrived，andupontalkingwiththepatient’snurse，Iwasabletoletherinrightaway.Sheturnedtomeandsaid，“Thankyou，youwillbeblessed.”Thenextday，onmywayhomeaftermydayshift，InoticedavoicemailfrommysisterinRochester，whichgavemeanuneasyfeeling.IhadtopullofftheroadasIlistenedtohermessage：“Momhadastroke；she’sinthehospitalandtheNeurologistsaiditdoesn’tlookgood.”MyminddartedbacktothewordsIhadheardthenightbeforeasIcriedoutwithanger：“Thisisablessing？”ThefollowingdayIflewuptoRochester.Mybrotherpickedmeupfromtheairportandwesoonarrivedatthehospital.Iwalkedintomymom’sroomandshelookedasifIhadneverseenherbefore.Herusualbrightsmilewasreplacedwithalookofemptiness.Allatoncethecruelrealityofthesignsandsymptomsofafreshstroke24\nwerethere，butIwasn’ttheinstructor，Iwasjustafamilymember.Mymomseemedtorecognizeme，andIfoughtbacktearsasItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.Overthenextfivedays，mymommadeunexpectedprogress，asshebegantospeakafewwords，slowlyandalmostpainfully.Witheachmilestone，itseemedthenursesandaideswerealmostasexcitedaswewere.Everyone，withoutexception，treatedmymomwithkindnessandcompassion.Ithinktheeventthatwillstayinmymemoryforeveroccurredonmymom’sfourthday.Itwastimetorepeattheswallowingstudytoassessifmymomcouldstarteating.Allfourofussiblingshungtogetherinthewaitingroom，nervous，oureyesshiftingconstantlytothedoorof2607，anticipatinganddesperatelyhopingforgoodnews.Asherdooropened，thetherapistcameoutwithasmile；weinstantlyknewshehadgoodnews，andwecollectivelybreathedasighofrelief.Fivedaysafterherstroke，mymomwasreadyfortransfertoarehabilitationfacility，andIwasheadedbackdownSouth.Withaveryheavyheart，IsaidgoodbyetomymomandthestafffromtheStrokeUnit.Onthewaybackhome，IhadplentyoftimetothinkaboutmyownexperiencesasaRecoveryRoomnurse.Icouldenvisionthesmilesonsomanyofthefacesofourpatientsastheyleaveourunit.Iwasalsoremindedofthefactthatweashealthcaregivershaveacertainpower：wecanaddtothestressofapatient’shospitalexperience，orwecanbetheonerayofsunshinethatleavesasmileontheirface.Truly，therewillalwaysbethepainofknowingthatmymomhadastroke，butmymemorieswillalwaysbetemperedbythethoughtfulcareshereceivedintheStrokeUnit.IhavesincereflectedonthewordsofgratitudespokentomeaweekearlierbythevisitorItooktotheICU.Yes，Iwasblessed；itwasthekindofblessingthatwillwarmmyheartforever.语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，作者的母亲轻度中风，作者表现出无助，在医院里每个人和病人的共鸣产生与众不同的效果，母亲康复，作者永远记住这温暖的祝福。1．Whatactuallymadetheauthoruneasy?24\nA．Thatshehadtolistentoavoicemailfromhersister.B．Thatshedidn’tbelievetheblessingshehadheard.C．Thatshesensedsomethingwrongwithhermom.D．ThatshemustflyuptoRochesterthenextday.答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thenextday，onmywayhomeaftermydayshift，InoticedavoicemailfrommysisterinRochester，whichgavemeanuneasyfeeling.IhadtopullofftheroadasIlistenedtohermessage：‘Momhadastroke；she’sinthehospital...’”可知，是她感觉妈妈可能身体不舒服，这使她不安。故选C。2．By“Iwasn’ttheinstructor，Iwasjustafamilymember”，theauthorwastryingtoshow.A．sympathyB．helplessnessC．angerD．respect答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Allatoncethecruelrealityofthesignsandsymptomsofafreshstrokewerethere，butIwasn’ttheinstructor，Iwasjustafamilymember.”可知，作者感到非常无助。故选B。3．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A．Strokerecoveryusuallytakesfivedays.B．Empathy(共鸣)withpatientsmakesadifference.C．Theauthorhasbeenmentallyprepared.D．Hermother’scasewasbeyondexpectation.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“Witheachmilestone，itseemedthenursesandaideswerealmostasexcitedaswewere.Everyone，withoutexception，treatedmymomwithkindnessandcompassion.Ithinktheeventthatwillstayinmymemoryforeveroccurredonmymom’sfourthday.”可知，和病人的共鸣会产生与众不同的效果。故选B。4．Accordingtothepassage，theauthorendedwithablessing.24\nA．spiritualB．mixedC．disguisedD．material答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Yes，Iwasblessed；itwasthekindofblessingthatwillwarmmyheartforever.”可知，作者以一种精神上的祝福而结束。故选A。一、题型解读细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1．Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4．Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2．勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：感悟体会中的3题：根据第四段第三、四句“Witheachmilestone，itseemedthenursesandaideswerealmostasexcitedaswewere.Everyone，withoutexception，treatedmymomwithkindnessandcompassion.Ithinktheeventthatwillstayinmymemoryforeveroccurredonmymom’sfourthday.”可知，和病人的共鸣会产生与众不同的效果。故选B。24\nAFiveweeksagoIhadatotalhipreplacementsurgery(髋关节置换手术)．InCanada，wehavegreathealthcaresystem.Thatmeanswegetournewhipsforfree.MyhiphadbeenhurtingmeforyearsbeforeIwenttothedoctor.Ofcourse，itwasfree.Shereferredmetoasurgeon，buttheearliestappointmentwasin10months.Thatiswhatbeingfreegetsyou.Tenmonthslater，aftersomefreeX-rays，thesurgeontoldmeIneededasurgery，whichwasaboutan18-monthwait，forsomeseniorcitizenshadbeenontheoperationlist.Another18months!Idraggedmyselfoutofthesurgeon’soffice.Walkingthroughthehospital，Ithoughtaboutthesituation.Asthe1breadwinnerofalargefamily，Icouldn’twaitthatlong，soIhadtogettothefrontline.IwasfullyawareofwhataCanadianshouldbelike(Canadiansareusuallyconsideredgentleandcaring)，butthistimeIreallyneededtofightformyself.Atthatverymoment，intheshopwindowofthehospital，Isawasignwhichread，“VolunteersNeeded.”Suddenly，anideaoccurredtome—Iwouldgetthejob.Fortunately，they2signedmeupimmediatelybecausetheaverageageofthevolunteersatthehospitalwas75.Theyweredesperateforsomeyoungblood.EveryFridaymorning，Iwasattheshop.Whileseeingthehospital5staff，I’d3casuallyask，“Whatdoyoudo？”ThenI’dtellthem，“Well，I’mgettingmyhipreplaced—in18months.It’sgoingtobesogreatwhenthepainstops.”Soon，allthestaffgottoknowme.Naturally，inmynextappointment，thesurgeonrecognizedme.Momentslater，Ihadasurgerydatejustweeksaway.Ihadtosayitwasactuallymyvolunteeringthatgotmetothefrontoftheline.AndI’mnotashamedofit，forIintendtostickwiththevolunteering.Also，evenwhenIcheatedthesystem，Ididitinawaythatbenefitssociety.24\n语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者需要做髋关节置换手术，在加拿大这种手术是免费的，但是需要等待很长时间，作者不能等待那么长的时间。于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人，最终外科的员工也认识了作者，提前为她做了手术。作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度，但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事，是一笔公平的交易。1．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Shefeltratherdisappointed.B．Shecouldn’twalkbecauseofthepain.C．Shewastooscaredtohavethesurgery.D．Shedidn’tbelievewhatthesurgeonsaid.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Shereferredmetoasurgeon，buttheearliestappointmentwasin10months.”和最后两句“Another18months!Idraggedmyselfoutofthesurgeon’soffice.”可知，作者要免费做髋关节置换手术需要等待很长时间，作者慢吞吞地走出外科门诊。因此推断她感到非常失望。故选A。2．Whydidthewriterdecidetobeavolunteer?A．Todonatebloodtothehospital.B．Togethernewhipfreeofcharge.C．Toreceivesometinygiftsfromothers.D．Toapproachthedoctorforanearlysurgery.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，作者做志愿活动时，看到医院里的职员就和他们闲谈，告诉他们自己非常希望做髋关节置换手术，很快，所有的员工都认识了她，自然外科的员工也认识了她，数周之后，她就进行了手术。因此推断作者做志愿者是为了接近医生早做手术。故选D。3．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhercheating?A．Itwasashame.B．Itwasapride.C．Itwasbeneficial.D．Itwasafair7deal.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“AndI’mnotashamedofit，forIintendtostickwiththevolunteering.Also，evenwhenIcheatedthesystem，Ididitinaway24\nthatbenefitssociety.”可知，作者并不感到羞愧，因为即使她欺骗了系统，她也是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事。因此推断作者认为她的欺骗是一笔公平的交易。故选D。4．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HowIGotMyNewHipB．TheDoctorWhoSavedMyLifeC．HowtoBeaVolunteerinHospitalD．TheProblemofCanadaHealthcareSystem答案　A解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，作者需要做髋关节置换手术，在加拿大这种手术是免费的，但是需要等待很长时间，作者不能等待那么长的时间。于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人，最终外科的员工也认识了作者，提前为她做了手术。作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度，但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事，是一笔公平的交易。因此推断A项“我如何得到我的新髋关节的”为最佳标题。故选A。BRecyclingisessentialintoday’sworld.Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings，andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions，theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.Thiscreatesalotofgarbagewhichinturndestroystheenvironment.Recyclingisawayforustokeeptheworldcleanas8itemsarebrokendownandusedagain，preventingthelitteringoftheenvironment.Insteadofthrowingallyourgarbageintothetrashcan，youshouldseparatepaper，metal，glass，andplasticintodifferentcontainers.Compostshouldalsoberecycledasthisisexcellentfoodforfarmanimalsandalsomakesforgreatfertilizer(肥料)．Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.Youcanseeifanitemhasbeenmadefromrecycledmaterialsbyitslabel;ifit’sbeenrecycled，itwillsayso.Also，insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclothes，youcanarrangetohaveaclothing6swapwithyourfriends.Youbringclothesyoudon’twantandpickitemsyouwantfromwhatotherpeoplehavebrought.Notonlydoesthissavetheenvironment，butitalsosavesyourpocketbook.Remember，whatisoneperson’sjunkcanbesomeoneelse’streasure!Thesayingcanbeappliedtoallsortsof24\nthings：books，CDs，furniture，etc.Also，tryshoppingatsecond-handstores，becausetheyoftenhavelotsofitemsstillingoodshapeforyoutochoose.Manycountrieshavemadeiteasyforpeopletorecycle，asalongsidethenormalgarbagetrucks，specialgarbagetruckscomeandpickuprecyclablematerials.However，inmanycountriesaroundtheworldtheresponsibilityisleftuptothe4individualtorecycle.Therefore，itmustbemadeapriority(优先考虑的事)insocietysowecancontinuetomakeourenvironmentlivable.语篇解读　在当今世界，回收是必不可少的。本文作者主要就回收提供了几点建议并呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。5．Whyismorewastebeingmadeintoday’sworld?A．Peopledisliketheupdateditems.B．Peopleownabundantbelongings.C．Peopleintendtoliveasimplelife.D．Peoplehavemadegreatprogressinindustry.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings，andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions，theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.”可知，现在人们拥有丰富的物品。故选B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?A．Exchangingclotheswithfriends.B．Shoppingatsecond-handstores.C．Throwingawayoldclothes.D．Pickingupnewitems.答案　A解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Also，insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclothes，youcanarrangetohaveaclothingswapwithyour24\nfriends.”可知，this指的是“和朋友交换衣服”。故选A。7．Tomaketheenvironmentenjoyable，weshould.A．alwaysbuynewclothesB．chooserecyclableproductsC．goshoppingatchainstoresD．arrangemoregarbagetrucks答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.”可知，你应该试着去买那些已经被回收的产品。故选B。8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Governmentsdonothinginrecycling.B．Normalvehiclescanpickuprecyclablematerials.C．Theindividualseldomcaresaboutrecycling.D．Everyoneshouldfeelsociallyresponsibleforrecycling.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“However，inmanycountriesaroundtheworldtheresponsibilityisleftuptotheindividualtorecycle.Therefore，itmustbemadeapriority(优先考虑的事)insocietysowecancontinuetomakeourenvironmentlivable.”可知，作者呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。故选D。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Willyouexpecttolivealongtraditionallines：womanashomemakerandmanasbreadwinner？养家糊口的人2．HesignedupasaflightattendantwithKoreanAir.签约3．Nobodycancasuallysucceed；itcomesfromthethoroughself-controlandthewill.24\n随意地；随便地4．Atbesttheyonlycareabouttheirlivesasindividualcells，buttheyfailtoassumeresponsibilityforthehealthofthelargerbody.个人的，个体的(二)同义词语替换5．Ifyoudropsomethingintothetrack，pleasecontactthestationstaff.workers6．Iknowasculptorwhoswapsherpiecesfordrawingsbyawell-knownartist.exchanges(三)一词多义7．dealn．交易，买卖；协议；v.处理；对待；做生意(1)Theymadeadealtosellthelandtoapropertydeveloper.协议(2)Youshoulddealwithhimmorepolitely.对待(3)Sohowdowedealwiththesenewchallenges?处理(4)Thecostwassimplytoohigh，sothedealfellthrough.交易，买卖8．itemn．项目，条款；物品；一则消息(1)Heopenedthecardboardboxandtookouteachitem.物品(2)Wewentontothenextitemontheagenda.项目，条款(3)Therewasaniteminthepaperabouthim.一则消息Ⅱ.长难句理解1．Tenmonthslater，aftersomefreeX-rays，thesurgeontoldmeIneededasurgery，whichwasaboutan18-monthwait，forsomeseniorcitizenshadbeenontheoperationlist.[句式分析]　本句话的主干部分为thesurgeontoldmeIneededasurgery。Ineededasurgery为省略了that的宾语从句；whichwasabout...为which引导的非限制性定语从句；for表原因，前后构成并列句。[精美译文]　十个月以后，做了免费的X光片后，医生告诉我我需要手术——需要等18个月，因为手术单子已列有很多老年人。2．Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings，andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions，theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.[句式分析]　本句话为并列句结构，第一个句子是主系表24\n结构，表语为表语从句，从句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是tohavelotsofthings；第二个句子也是复合句，其中whenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions为时间状语从句。[精美译文]　这其中最重要的原因是人类的进步和工业使人们拥有很多东西成为可能，并且当人们拥有很多物质财富时，他们一定会扔掉一些。专题强化练(十九)Ⅰ.单项填空1．Thelanguageinthecompany’sstatementishighly，thusmakingitsstaffconfused.A．ambiguousB．apparentC．appropriateD．aggressive答案　A解析　句意为：公司的声明中用的语言非常含糊，因此使得职员们非常困惑。ambiguous含糊的，不明确的；apparent明显的；appropriate适当的；aggressive有进取心的。由后面的“makingitsstaffconfused”可知，公司的声明非常的含糊。故A选项正确。2．TheTangDynastyisgenerallyregardedasagoldenchapterbypeopleworldwide，theChinesecivilizationinfluencedmanyneighboringcountries.A．whereB．whenC．whichD．who答案　B解析　句意为：唐朝被世界范围的人们认为是一个黄金时期，在这个时期，中国文明影响了很多邻近的国家。“theChinesecivilizationinfluencedmanyneighboringcountries”是非限制性定语从句，修饰theTangDynasty，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导该从句。B选项正确。3．—Howwasyourjobinterview?—Verysuccessful.Imyhomeworkaboutthecompany，youknow.A．haddoneB．havedoneC．didD．wasdoing24\n答案　A解析　句意为：——你的工作面试怎么样？——非常成功。你知道我了解过这家公司。由第一句可知，参加面试是过去的行为，那么了解该公司应该是面试之前的行为，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。4．Theeducationalreformisnowunderwaythroughoutthecountry，thestudentsmoreopportunitiestodeveloptotheirgreatestpotential.A．tograntB．havinggrantedC．grantingD．granted答案　C解析　句意为：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语theeducationalreform与grant之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。C选项正确。5．WhenPaulforthefinalgameofthebasketballseason，hisfansletoutshoutsofcry.A．madeupB．showedupC．caughtupD．heldup答案　B解析　句意为：当保罗出现在篮球赛季的最后一场比赛上时，他的粉丝们爆发出喊叫声。makeup组成，编造；showup到场，出现；catchup赶上；holdup举起，耽搁。粉丝喊叫应该是保罗出场时，故B选项正确。6．morethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.A．ScatteredaroundtheglobeareB．ScatteringarearoundtheglobeC．ArearoundtheglobescatteredD．Arescatteredaroundtheglobe答案　A解析　句意为：地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区，地质学家称之为“热点”。正常语序是“Morethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspotsarescatteredaroundthe24\nglobe.”表语提前，把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。7．hishighsocialstatus，itisreallyhardforustohisjoiningusingoingwesttoteachchildrenthere.A．Considering；opposeB．Considered；preventfromC．Toconsider；persuadeD．Beingconsidered；objectto答案　A解析　句意为：鉴于他的高社会地位，我们真的很难反对他和我们一起去西部教书。consideringprep.鉴于，opposev．反对，根据句意可知答案为A。8．Inthepast，scienceclassstartedfromgradethree.Butthenewcurriculumallowsjuniorstudentstonaturalsciencesearlier.A．priorityB．privilegeC．adaptationD．access答案　D解析　priority优先权；privilege特权；adaptation适应；access(使用或见到的)机会。句意为：在过去，科学课程从三年级开始。但是新课程使初级学生可以更早地接触自然科学。根据句意可知答案为D。9．madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A．What；becauseB．What；thatC．That；whatD．That；because答案　B解析　分析句子结构可知，madetheschoolproud缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两项。再结合morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词，所以选用that。故选B。10．Recentpressureatworkmayhisabnormalbehavior.A．pushforB．exchangefor24\nC．accountforD．headfor答案　C解析　pushfor为……而奋力争取；exchangefor交换；accountfor解释……的原因；headfor朝……走去。句意为：最近工作压力可能是他反常行为的原因。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2022·启东中学最后一模)RecentsummertemperaturesinpartsofAustraliawerehighenoughtomeltasphalt.Asglobalwarmingspeedsuptheheatandclimaticeventsincrease，manyplantsmaybeunabletocope.Butatleastonespeciesofeucalyptustreecanresistextremeheatbycontinuingto“sweat”whenotheressentialprocessesstop，anewstudyfinds.Asplantschangesunlightintofood，orphotosynthesize(光合作用)，theyabsorbcarbondioxidethroughporesontheirleaves.Theseporesalsoreleasewaterviatranspiration(蒸腾)，whichcirculatesnutrientsthroughtheplantandhelpscoolitbyevaporation(蒸发)．Butexceptionallyhightemperaturesareknowntogreatlyreducephotosynthesis—andmostexistingplantmodelssuggestthisshouldalsodecreasetranspiration，leavingtreesindangeroffatallyoverheating.Becauseitisdifficultforscientiststocontrolandvarytrees’conditionsintheirnaturalenvironment，littleisknownabouthowindividualspecieshandlethissituation.EcologistJohnDrakeoftheS．U.N.Y.CollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestryandhiscolleaguesgrewadozenParramattaredgum(Eucalyptusparramattensis)treesinlarge，climate-controlledplasticpodsthatseparatedthetreesfromthesurroundingforestforayearinRichmond，Australia.SixofthetreesweregrownatsurroundingairtemperaturesandsixattemperaturesthreedegreesCelsiushigher.Theresearcherswithheld(扣留)waterfromthesurfacesoilofall12treesforamonthtoimitateamilddryspell，theninducedafour-day“extreme”heatwave：Theyraisedthemaximumtemperaturesinhalfofthepods(threewithsurroundingtemperaturesandthreeofthewarmerones)—to44degreesC.Photosynthesisgroundtoanearhaltinthetreesfacingtheartificialheat24\nwave.Buttotheresearchers’surprise，thesetreescontinuedtotranspireatclose-to-normallevels，effectivelycoolingthemselvesandtheirsurroundings.Thetreesgrowninwarmerconditionscopedjustaswellastheothers，andphotosynthesisratesbouncedbacktonormalaftertheheatwavepassed，DrakeandhiscolleaguesreportedonlineinGlobalChangeBiology.TheresearchersthinktheParramattaredgumswereabletoeffectivelysweat—evenwithoutphotosynthesis—becausetheyareparticularlygoodattappingintowaterdeepinthesoil.Butifaheatwaveandaseveredrought(干旱)weretohitatthesametimeandthegroundwaterwasexhausted，thetreesmaynotbesolucky，Drakesays.Otherscientistscallthefindingencouraging.“It’sdefinitelygoodnews，”saysTrevorKeenan，anecologistatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory，whowasnotpartofthestudy.“Itwouldbeveryinterestingtoknowhowthistranslatestootherspecies，”headds.DrakehopestoconductsimilarexperimentswithtreescommoninNorthAmerica.语篇解读　这是一篇科普说明文。联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家JohnDrake和他的同事们通过对红桉树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红桉树仍然可以通过释放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。11．Howdoesonespeciesofeucalyptustreecopewithextremeheatwaves?A．Byreleasingwater.B．Byblockingsunlight.C．Byabsorbinggroundwater.D．Byreducingphotosynthesis.答案　A解析　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Butatleastonespeciesofeucalyptustreecanresistextremeheatbycontinuingto‘sweat’．..”可知，桉树通过“流汗”，即释放水分来抵抗极度的热。故A选项正确。12．Whatdidtheresearchersdoduringtheirstudy?24\nA．Theygrewallthetreesinartificialtemperatures.B．Theyinducedaheatwaveinadozenpodsoftrees.C．Theycreatedclimate-controlledsurroundingsfortrees.D．Theyvariedtrees’conditionsintheirnaturalenvironment.答案　C解析　细节理解题。由第三段第一句“EcologistJohnDrake...andhiscolleaguesgrewadozenParramattaredgum...treesinlarge，climate-controlledplasticpodsthatseparatedthetreesfromthesurroundingforestforayearinRichmond，Australia.”可知，研究者们将12棵红桉树种植在巨大的、气候受控制的塑料舱里，这种塑料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。结合选项可知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的生长环境。故C选项正确。13．Theunderlinedphrase“groundtoanearhalt”inParagraph4means“”．A．continuedB．substitutedC．strengthenedD．ceased答案　D解析　词义猜测题。由第二段中的“Butexceptionallyhightemperaturesareknowntogreatlyreducephotosynthesis...”可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。由第四段后面的内容可知，令研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。划线部分意思应当接近于“大大减少，降低”这一类的意思，结合选项，D选项正确：cease意为“停止”。14．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Photosynthesisisnecessaryforthetreestosweat.B．Nofurtherexperimentswillbedoneonotherspecies.C．OtherspecieswillbetransplantedtoNorthAmerica.D．Groundwaterhelpsthetreessurvivetheextremeheat.答案　D解析　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“TheresearchersthinktheParramattaredgumswereabletoeffectivelysweat—evenwithoutphotosynthesis—becausetheyare24\nparticularlygoodattappingintowaterdeepinthesoil.Butifaheatwaveandaseveredrought(干旱)weretohitatthesametimeandthegroundwaterwasexhausted，thetreesmaynotbesolucky，Drakesays.”可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下水枯竭的话，那么这些树生存的可能性就比较小了。由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存活下来。故D选项正确。B(2022·苏州调研)Culturecanaffectnotjustlanguageandcustoms，butalsohowpeopleexperiencetheworldonsurprisinglybasiclevels.Researchers，withthehelpofbrainscans，haveuncoveredshockingdifferencesinperception(感知)betweenWesternersandAsians，whattheyseewhentheylookatacitystreet，forexample，orevenhowtheyperceiveasimplelineinasquare，accordingtofindingspublishedinaleadingsciencejournal.Inwesterncountries，culturemakespeoplethinkofthemselvesashighlyindependentindividuals.Whenlookingatscenes，Westernerstendtofocusmoreoncentralobjectsthanontheirsurroundings.EastAsiancultures，however，emphasizeinter-dependence.WhenEasternerslookatascene，theytendtofocusonsurroundingsaswellastheobject.Usinganexperimentinvolvingtwotasks，DrHeddenaskedsubjectstolookatalinesimplytoestimateitslength，ataskthatisplayedtoAmericanstrengths.Inanother，theyestimatedtheline’slengthrelativetothesizeofasquare，aneasiertaskfortheAsians.Thelevelofbrainactivity，bytrackingbloodflow，wasthenmeasuredbyBrainScanners.Theexperimentfoundthatalthoughtherewasnodifferenceinperformance，andthetaskswereveryeasy，thelevelsofactivityinthesubjects’brainsweredifferent.FortheAmericans，areaslinkedtoattentionlitupmore，whentheyworked24\nonthetasktheytendedtofindmoredifficult—estimatingtheline’ssizerelativetothesquare.FortheAsians，theattentionareaslitupmoreduringthehardertaskalso—estimatingtheline’slengthwithoutcomparingittothesquare.ThefindingsareareflectionofmorethantenyearsofpreviousexperimentalresearchintoEast-Westdifferences.Inonestudy，forinstance，researchersofferedpeopleachoiceamongfivepens；fourredandonegreen.EasternersweremorelikelytochoosearedpenwhileWesternersweremorelikelytochoosethegreenone.Cultureisnotaffectinghowyouseetheworld，buthowyouchoosetounderstandandinternalize(使内化)it.Butsuchhabitscanbechanged.SomepsychologicalstudiessuggestthatwhenanEasternergoestotheWestorviceversa，habitsofthoughtandperceptionalsobegintochange.Suchresearchgivesuscluesonhowourbrainworksandishopefulforustodevelopprogramstoimproveourmemory，memorytechniquesandenhanceandaccelerateourlearningskills.语篇解读　文化不仅影响我们的语言和风俗而且影响人们如何体验世界。在脑部CT的协助下，研究人员们发现了东西方人们的感知差异。西方人趋向于关注具体物体，而东方人关注物体和环境。15．Accordingtothepassage，Chinesepeoplearemostlikelyto.A．moreemphasizeindependentthinkingB．alwaysfocusmoreontheirsurroundingsC．focusonthecontextaswellastheobjectD．thinkofWesternersashighlyindependentunits答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“EastAsiancultures，however，emphasizeinter-dependence.WhenEasternerslookatascene，theytendtofocusonsurroundingsaswellastheobject.”可知，研究人员发现东方人更易于关注环境和物体。context“环境”与surroundings对应。故选C。24\n16．Weknowfromthepassagethatpeople’sbrainswillbemoreactivewhen.A．thetaskismucheasierB．thebloodflowistrackedC．peoplebegintochoosecolorsD．thetaskismoredifficult答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“FortheAmericans，areaslinkedtoattentionlitupmore，whentheyworkedonthetasktheytendedtofindmoredifficult—estimatingtheline’ssizerelativetothesquare.”可知，人们遇到的任务越难，大脑就越活跃。故选D。17．WhatdoesDrHedden’sexperimentinParagraph4-5indicate?A．Culturehasagreatimpactonthewaypeopletalkandbehave.B．EasternersandWesternersperceivetheworlddifferently.C．People’sperceptionoftheworldcanbechanged.D．AmericansarebetteratcalculatingthantheAsians.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“ThefindingsareareflectionofmorethantenyearsofpreviousexperimentalresearchintoEast-Westdifferences.”可知，DrHedden的研究表明东西方看待世界的角度不同。故选B。18．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A．EasternersprefercollectivismtoindividualismB．EastAsiancultureslaymoreemphasisonindependenceC．ittookovertenyearstofindouthowtoimproveourbrainpowerD．Americanswillchangetheirhabitsofperceptionwhenthey’reinBritain答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“EastAsiancultures，however，emphasizeinter-dependence.”和第六段的实验可知，东方人看重集体主义胜过个人主义。故选A。Ⅲ.完形填空Compassion(同情心)isadesirewithinustohelpothers.Witheffort，wecantranslatecompassioninto19.Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisis2024\n.Iworkpart-timeinasupermarket20metersawayfromabuildingfortheelderly.Theseoldpeopleareourmain21，andit’seasytolose22overtheirslowness.ButlastSunday，one23gentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson.This24manwalkeduptomyregister(收款机)withaboxofbiscuits.Hesaidhewas25cash，hadjustmovedintohisroom，andhad26inhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.He27torepaymethenextday.Icouldn’thelp28whatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore，andwhathewouldbelikeifhehadbeenlucky.Ihada29inmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul，allaloneintheworld.I30himthatIwassorry，andstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.Ifeltstupidand31sayingthis，butI32myjob.Justthen，anotherman，standingbehindthefirst，spokeup.Helookedmore33.Hesaidtome，“Letme34thebiscuitsforhim，please.”WhatIhadbeen35waspity.Pityissoftandsafeandeasy.Compassion，ontheotherhand，is36inaction.Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowed，either.ThenI37mypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself.Ididsobecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartand38mecompassion.语篇解读　文章讲述了作者在超市收银时，遇到一位贫穷又孤独的老人没现金付钱时发生的故事。在作者看来，帮助别人说起来容易做起来难，经过努力，我们可以将爱心转化为行动帮助别人。19．A.workB．actionC．jobD．character答案　B解析　work工作；action行为，行动；job工作；character性格，特征。联系下文以及最后一段的句子“Compassion，ontheotherhand，isinaction.”可知，此处指把同情转化为帮助他人的行动。故选B。24\n20．A.rightB．wrongC．trueD．false答案　C解析　right正确的；wrong错误的；true真的；false假的。句意为：上周末的一次经历向我表明这是真的。故选C。21．A.workersB．customersC．employersD．passengers答案　B解析　worker工人；customer顾客；employer老板，雇佣者；passenger乘客。联系上句“Iworkpart-timeinasupermarket20metersawayfromabuildingfortheelderly.”可知，这些老人是我们的主要顾客。故选B。22．A.heartB．patienceC．courageD．soul答案　B解析　heart心；patience耐心；courage勇气；soul心灵。很明显，对于老人们的缓慢，很容易失去耐心。故选B。23．A.agedB．disabledC．sickD．weak答案　A解析　aged年老的；disabled残疾的；sick生病的；weak虚弱的。句意为：但是上个星期天，一个老人似乎给我上了宝贵的一课。故选A。24．A.well-dressedB．smartly-dressedC．poorly-dressedD．neatly-dressed答案　C解析　well-dressed穿着体面的；smartly-dressed衣着时尚恰当的；poorly-dressed衣衫褴褛的，穿着寒酸的；neatly-dressed穿着整洁的。联系下文我所表现出来的同情可知，这是一个穿着寒酸的老人。故选C。25．A.inneedofB．atlossofC．outofD．lackof答案　C24\n解析　联系下文“Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.”可知，老人说他没有现金。outofcash没有钱，现金不足。故选C。26．A.anythingB．everythingC．somethingD．nothing答案　D解析　由上文老人刚搬进老年公寓的房子可知，他的橱柜里什么都没有。故选D。27．A.beggedB．promisedC．hopedD．suggested答案　B解析　beg祈求；promise承诺；hope希望；suggest建议，表明，暗示。联系上句“Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.”可知，此处指他承诺第二天来还钱。故选B。28．A.wonderingB．realizingC．askingD．questioning答案　A解析　wonder想，想知道；realize意识到；ask问，寻求；question质疑，提问。句意为：我忍不住想知道他十年前或者二十年前是哪种人，如果他幸运些的话会是什么样的。根据句意可知选A。29．A.hurtB．kindnessC．warmthD．injury答案　A解析　句意为：对于这种独自生活在这个世界的人，我有点心痛。haveahurtinmyheart心里有点痛。故选A。30．A.warnedB．suggestedC．toldD．reminded答案　C解析　warn警示，警告；suggest建议，暗示，表明；tell告诉；remind提醒。句意为：我告诉他我很抱歉，商店的规则不允许我这样做。根据句意可知选C。31．A.unnecessaryB．careless24\nC．impatientD．unkind答案　D解析　unnecessary没必要的；careless粗心的；impatient不耐心的；unkind不仁慈的，不友好的。对于老人要赊账的请求，我拒绝了，所以说这些话时，我感觉很愚笨很不友好。故选D。32．A.lostB．valuedC．dislikedD．gained答案　B解析　lose失去；value珍视，重视；dislike不喜欢；gain收获。联系上文“Ifeltstupid...”和“but”可知，虽然我感觉拒绝老人很不友好，但是我很珍视这份工作。故选B。33．A.happyB．seriousC．contentD．pitiful答案　D解析　happy快乐的；serious严重的，严肃的；content满意的；pitiful可怜的。联系下文“WhatIhadbeenwaspity.”可知，站在老人身后的这个人看起来更可怜。故选D。34．A.payB．chargeC．spendD．cost答案　A解析　pay支付；charge要价，索要；spend花费；cost花费。句意为：他对我说：“让我来为他付饼干的钱吧。”这里用paysth.forsb.“为某人支付某物的费用”。故选A。35．A.talkingB．feelingC．sayingD．thinking答案　B解析　talk谈话；feel感觉；say说；think思考，想。句意为：我所感觉到的是同情。故选B。36．A.movingB．thinkingC．caringD．touching答案　C24\n解析　move移动；think思考，像；care关心；touch触摸。联系下文我为老人付了钱可知，同情是在行动中关心。故选C。37．A.reachedintoB．openedupC．searchedforD．lookedfor答案　A解析　reachinto伸进，进入；openup打开；searchfor搜寻；lookfor寻找。句意为：然后我把手伸进口袋，自己付了饼干的钱。根据句意可知选A。38．A.gaveB．movedC．feltD．taught答案　D解析　give给；move移动；feel感觉；teach教。句意为：我这样做是因为这两个人进入了我的内心，教会了我同情。故选D。24