江苏专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破6推理判断_写作意图题优选习题

六、推理判断——写作意图题(2022·镇江一模)Mostofusarealreadyawareofthedirecteffectwehaveonourfriendsandfamily.Butwerarelyconsiderthateverythingwethink，feel，do，orsaycanspreadfarbeyondthepeopleweknow.Conversely(相反地)，ourfriendsandfamilyserveasconduits(渠道)forustobeinfluencedbyhundredsoreventhousandsofotherpeople.Inakindofsocialchainreaction，wecanbedeeplyaffectedbyeventswedonotwitnessthathappentopeoplewedonotknow.Aspartofasocialnetwork，wegobeyondourselves，forgoodorill，andbecomeapartofsomethingmuchlarger.Ourconnectednesscarrieswithitfundamentalimplications(影响)forthewayweunderstandthehumancondition.Socialnetworkshavevaluepreciselybecausetheycanhelpustoachievewhatwecouldnotachieveonourown.Yet，social-networkeffectsarenotalwayspositive.Depression，obesity，financialpanic，andviolencealsospread.Socialnetworks，itturnsout，tendtomagnify(放大)whatevertheyareseededwith.Partlyforthisreason，socialnetworksarecreative.Andwhatthesenetworkscreatedoesnotbelongtoanyoneindividual—itissharedbyallthoseinthe22\nnetwork.Inthisway，asocialnetworkislikeacommonlyownedforest：weallstandtobenefitfromit，butwealsomustworktogethertoensureitremainshealthyandproductive.Whilesocialnetworksarefundamentallyanddistinctivelyhuman，andcanbeseeneverywhere，theyshouldnotbetakenforgranted.Ifyouarehappierorricherorhealthierthanothers，itmayhavealottodowithwhereyouhappentobeinthenetwork，evenifyoucannotrecognizeyourownlocation.Anditmayhavealottodowiththeoverallstructureofthenetwork，evenifyoucannotcontrolthatstructureatall.Andinsomecases，theprocessfeedsbacktothenetworkitself.Apersonwithmanyfriendsmaybecomerichandthenattractevenmorefriends.Thisrich-get-richerdynamicmeanssocialnetworkscandramaticallyreinforcetwodifferentkindsofinequalityinoursociety：situationalinequalityandpositionalinequality.Lawmakershavenotyetconsideredtheconsequencesofpositionalinequality.Still，understandingthewayweareconnectedisanessentialstepincreatingamorejustsocietyandincarryingoutpublicpoliciesaffectingeverythingfrompublichealthtotheeconomy.Wemightbebetteroffvaccinating(接种疫苗)centrallylocatedindividualsratherthanweakindividuals.Wemightbebetteroffhelpinginterconnectedgroupsofpeopletoavoidcriminalbehaviourratherthanpreventingorpunishingcrimesoneatatime.Ifwewanttounderstandhowsocietyworks，weneedtofillinthemissinglinksbetweenindividuals.Weneedtounderstandhowinterconnectionsandinteractionsbetweenpeoplegiverisetowhollynewaspectsofhumanexperiencethatarenotpresentintheindividualsthemselves.Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks，wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.1．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A．Wecan’tbeeasilyaffectedbystrangers.B．Weareconnectedandformasocialnetwork.C．Wehavenegativeeffectsonothersocialmembers.D．Wewillnotmakeadifferenceinaspecificgroup.22\n答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，人与人之间是相互联系相互影响的，从而形成一个社会网络。2．Whyisasocialnetworklikeacommonlyownedforest?A．Becauseitremainshealthyandproductive.B．Becauseittendstomagnifynegativethings.C．Becauseitiscreativeandsharedbypeopleinthewholesociety.D．Becausewhatitcreatescanbeenjoyedbyeveryoneinthenetwork.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，这种网络创造出来的产品并不属于任何个人，而是整个网络里面的人所共享的。3．WecanlearnfromParagraph4that.A．whetherwearericherdependsonthenumberoffriendswemakeB．thewealthwepossesshasnothingtodowithindividualcontinuouseffortsC．sometimesoursuccessmaybelargelyduetoourpositioninsocialnetworksD．wewon’tsucceedunlesswefullycontroltheoverallstructureofthenetwork答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，我们的成功与我们在社交网络中所处的位置有很大的关系。4．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tointroducethecharacteristicsofsocialnetworks.B．Tourgepeopletounderstandhowoursocietyworks.C．Toshowthesignificanceofunderstandingsocialnetworks.D．Toexplainthepossibleconsequencesofignoringsocialnetworks.答案　C解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks，wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.”可知，文章旨在表明社会关系网的重要性。22\n一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1．整篇文章的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?(5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2．某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthoruses...inthefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.(4)Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph?二、解题技巧1．文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2．看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow...例如：【感悟体会】中的第4题，文章为议论文，文章先提出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论，因此通过最后一段所给信息可知文章旨在表明社会关系的重要性。A22\n(2022·湖南第二次联考)Inmyveryfirstjobwithsome1archaeologists，Iwasn’tdiggingobjectsoutoftheground，insteadIwasemployedasanartist，drawingwhattheyfound.However，Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthemandthat’showmycareerinarchaeologystarted.IstilldrawwhatIfindinmyworkasaspecialistontheSilkRoad，theoldtraderouterunningfromEgypttoMongolia，andIalsoworkonsomeunderwaterprojectstoo.Inarchaeology，myall-timeheroisanAmericancalledRaphaelPumpelly.IfirstheardabouthimwhenIwasastudentonatriptoTurkmenistan，acountryrightintheheartofAsia.Togetaroundthecountry，IhadtolearnRussiansothatIcouldspeaktothelocalpeople.WhenIgotthereIthought，“Wow!I’moneofthefirstAmericanshere！”ThenanoldmantoldmeaboutanAmericanarchaeologist，RaphaelPumpelly，whowastheredoingthesamethingover100yearsago.Archaeology’sinmyfamily.Mywife’sinthesame2profession，and，althoughourtwoboysaren’tinterestedinthefutureinarchaeologythemselves，we’vebeenonsomegreatdigstogetherandtheylovewhatwedobecausetheygettotravelwithus.Lastsummer，wetookthemtoLakeTiticacainSouthAmerica，inthehighareasoftheAndesmountainrange.MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.There’sverylittlerainandit’ssodrythateverythingiskeptasitwas.Inanoldhouse，wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein，Ipickedupa700-year-oldmatinfrontofthehouseandthere，underit，afterallthattime，wasthehousekeywiththeowner’snamecarvedonit.Itfeltlikehecouldbeonhiswayhomeanyminute!AndIthought，“Hey，Idojustthat.Thisman’snotmuchdifferenttome！”语篇解读　作者在文章中介绍了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，并讲述了自己在各地考古的经历和感受。1．WhileworkinginEgypt，whatdidthewriterfindsointeresting?A．Thatpeoplefromdifferentcenturiescouldbesosimilar.22\nB．Thefactthatthedoormatwasinsuchgoodcondition.C．Thewaythepeoplemanagedtoliveinsuchadryplace.D．Thattherehadbeensomuchtradeinthatarea.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“MybestexperiencewaswhenIwasdiggingontheEgyptianRedSeacoast.”和此段最后一句可知，作者看见了地垫下的钥匙，感觉700年前的那个人就在回家的路上，感觉彼此没有什么不同。故选A。2．Which3entrywillthewriterprobablymakeinhisdiary?A．Turkmenistanisinteresting.I’mthefirstAmericantocomeherebutI’mgladthisismylasttripaway.B．Ihavebeendivingtodayandfoundsomeobjectsforanexhibition.I’vejustfinisheddrawingthemformyrecords.C．Iwishmychildrenweren’tmoreinterestedinarchaeologyandwouldnotworkhardintheopenliketheirparents.D．It’snearlydarkbutRaphael’sstillbusydigginginthatoldhouse.Hecanbeveryannoying.Hethinkshe’sthemostimportantpersonhere.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者从事画图工作，还从事水下工作。B项与画图和水下工作有关，故选B。3．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A．Todescribethelifeofanarchaeologistheadmires.B．Topersuadepeopletotakeuparchaeologyasacareer.C．Toexplainwhatheenjoysaboutbeinganarchaeologist.D．Toshowhowarchaeologistswork.答案　C解析　写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Iwassoonmoreinterestedinthestoriesbehindtheobjectsthanindrawingthem”可知，作者在文中解释了自己喜欢做考古学家的原因，故选C。BStainedglass(彩色玻璃)artistscreatedifferentdesignsbymakingcutsonthe22\nglassto“score”itandthenbreakingoffthepatternthattheywanttouseinthefinishedproduct.Themostdifficultcutinstainedglassiscalledaninsidecut.Basically，it’sacurved(弯曲的)linewhereyouthrowawaythepartinsideofthecurve.Theproblemwithinsidecutsisthattheedgesofthecurvetendtobreakoffwhenthepiecesofscoredglassarebrokenapart.Astheartisttalkedaboutinsidecuts，hesaid，“Theglasswillbreakintopiecesifyoutrytocuttoomuchoffatonce.Thebestwaytodoaninsidecutisto7sliceoffsmallercurvespiece-by-piece.Infact，it’snotjustthebestwaytodoit，butit’stheonlywaytodoit.”Howmanytimesdoyoutrytomakeabigchangeandcuttheentirepieceatonce?Weconvinceourselvesthatwecandothisallthetime.We’ll4committo5transformingourdietovernightorwegetinspiredtolaunchabusinessinaweekendorwefinallygetmotivatedtoworkoutandpushourselvestotheedgeofburningout.Whynotapproachyourgoalsanddreamslikeastainedglassartist?Startingbyslicingashallowcurveandbreakingasmallpieceoff，youcutaslightlydeepercurveandbreakthatoffuntilyouhaveyourfullinsidecut.Byslowlycuttingdeeperanddeepercurves，youpreventtheglassfrombreakingasitchangesshape.Ofcourse，changeisn’teasy—nomatterhowyoudoit.Slowgainsareboring，butifwekeepmakingsmallimprovements，thenprettysoonwewillendupwithabeautifulmasterpieceonourhandsinsteadofabunchofbrokenpieces.语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述玻璃艺术家切割玻璃的方式——慢慢地切割不造成玻璃破碎——告诉读者生活中我们也应该一点点取得进步，最后达成目标，获得成功。4．Whyisaninsidecutbelievedtobemostdifficult?A．Itneedsaone-and-onlydesign.B．It6callsfornothingbutinspiration.C．Theedgesofthecurvebreakeasily.D．Theglassinsidethecurveiseasilybroken.答案　C22\n解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，内部切割的问题在于，当划过的玻璃裂开的时候，曲线的边缘往往会折断。故选C。5．WhatmistakesareeasilymadeaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Beingtooeagertomakeimprovements.B．Beingtooworriedaboutthefinaloutcome.C．Tryingtomakeacompletechangeallatonce.D．Developingtofocusonprogressinsteadofachievements.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，我们很容易犯的错误是试图一次就做出彻底的改变。故选C。6．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“slicingashallowcurve”？A．Movingforwardwithaclearaim.B．Startingslowandimprovinglittlebylittle.C．Developinganewhabitwithgreatdetermination.D．Handlingsomethingmajorfirstandignoringtheminorpart.答案　B解析　推理判断题。根据上文“Whynotapproachyourgoalsanddreamslikeastainedglassartist？”可推断，作者建议人们要像一个彩色玻璃艺术家一样接近目标和梦想。结合第一、二段的讲述可推断，画线句的意思是：慢慢开始，一点点进步，每次一小块，逐渐稍微大一点直到完全切开整个里面。故选B。7．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhisloveforstainedglass.B．Tointroducetheskillofaninsidecut.C．Toappreciatedesignsofstainedglassartists.D．Tosharehisopinionsonhowtomakeachange.答案　D解析　写作目的题。纵观全文可知，最后一段点明了作者的观点：改变不容易，如果保持小的进步，很快我们会完成我们的杰作而不是满地碎片。因此推断本文的写作目的是为了分享他关于如何做出改变的观点。故选D。22\nⅠ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Thearchaeologisthastogetspecialpermissiontoopenupthegrave.考古学家2．AlthoughIlikesinging，Istilldon’ttreatitasmylife-longprofession.职业3．Becausethereareseveralfiles，youneedanentryforeachone.条目4．Thepresidentiscommittedtoreforminghealthcare.承诺(二)同义词语替换5．Theytransformedthebasementintoareadingroom.changed6．Tobeanursecallsforenduranceandpatience.needs(三)一词多义7．slicen．片，切片，薄片；一份；vt.切下；把……分成部分；将……切成薄片(1)Trytoeatatleastfourslicesofbreadaday.薄片(2)Fictiontakesupalargesliceofthepublishingmarket.一份(3)Sliceuptheonionsandaddthemtothemeat.将……切成薄片Ⅱ.长难句理解1．Inanoldhouse，wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein，Ipickedupa700-year-oldmatinfrontofthehouseandthere，underit，afterallthattime，wasthehousekeywiththeowner’snamecarvedonit.[句式分析]　本句话是一个并列复合句，and前的句子的主干部分是简单句的主谓宾结构；Inanoldhouse，wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein，为地点状语，其中wheretheownerusedtostoregoodsfromtheshipsthatcamein为定语从句，修饰house；thatcamein为定语从句，修饰theships；and后的句子是一个完全倒装结构，调整为正常顺序后为thehousekeywasthere，underit；withtheowner’snamecarvedonit是with复合结构，在此处作定语，修饰thehousekey。[精美译文]　22\n在一座旧房子里，它的主人过去常在这儿存放从海上运来的货物，在这座旧房子里的前面，我捡起了一个有700年历史的垫子，就是在那，在垫子的下面，过了那么多年，放着上面刻着主人姓名的房子钥匙。2．Slowgainsareboring，butifwekeepmakingsmallimprovements，thenprettysoonwewillendupwithabeautifulmasterpieceonourhandsinsteadofabunchofbrokenpieces.[句式分析]　本句话是一个并列复合句，but前的句子的主干部分是简单句的主系表结构；后面是复合句，含有条件状语从句。[精美译文]　慢慢地收获是令人厌烦的，但是如果我们连续不断地取得进步，那么很快在我们手上就会出现一个美丽的杰作而不是一堆碎片。专题强化练(二十一)Ⅰ.单项填空1．Noonewashurtintheaccident，andweallbreathedasighof.(2022·宿迁高一期中)A．reliefB．surpriseC．embarrassmentD．disappointment答案　A解析　句意为：在事故中没人受伤，我们都宽慰地松了一口气。relief轻松，宽慰；surprise惊奇；embarrassment尴尬；disappointment失望。根据句意，故选A项。2．Lastmonth，partofBritainwasstruckbysnowstorms，fromeffectsmostpassengersinHeathrowweresufferingalot，especiallythosewithchildren.A．which.B．whatC．thatD．whose答案　D解析　句意为：上个月，英国的一部分地区遭到了暴风雪的袭击，在Heathrow的大多数乘客都深受其苦，特别是那些有孩子的人。此处snowstorms是先行词，与effects有所属关系，故用whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作定语，故答案为D。3．—Iwonderwhatmakesyouagoodsalesperson.—Iasawaiterforthreeyears，whichcontributesalottomytoday’swork.22\nA．serveB．haveservedC．hadservedD．served答案　D解析　句意为：——我想知道什么使你成为一个优秀的销售员。——我当过三年的服务员，这对我现在的工作有很大帮助。根据句意，回答者现在是一名优秀的销售员，做服务员的三年发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选D。4．Itwasalreadylate，sowhenIcametothestreet，therewasnobody.A．inadvanceB．inturnC．inreturnD．insight答案　D解析　句意为：天早已经晚了，当我到街上的时候，看不见任何人。inadvance预先，提前；inturn轮流；inreturn作为……回报；insight看得见。根据句意，故选D项。5．—HowlongdoyouexpectitbeforetheAfricancankeepthediseaseundercontrol?—Assoonaspossible.A．isB．hasbeenC．willbeD．willhavebeen答案　C解析　句意为：——你预料要过多久之后非洲人才能控制住这一疾病？——尽快。固定句式：Itwillbe＋一段时间＋before...，多久之后才会……，并由答句“Assoonaspossible.”可知句子用一般将来时态。故选C。6．Nextdoortoours，whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.A．arelivingablackcoupleB．liveablackcoupleC．areablackcouplelivingD．doablackcouplelive答案　B解析　表示地点的状语Nextdoortoours置于句首，且主语为名词“ablack22\ncouple”，所以句子要用完全倒装，完全倒装一般不出现进行时态，故选B项。句意为：我们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们似乎已经在这个社区定居很久了。故选B。7．—Lookatthenoisykids!—Haven’tyouheardthesaying“”？A．There’splentyoffishintheseaB．AllthatglittersisnotgoldC．Whenthecatisaway，themicewillplayD．Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush答案　C解析　There’splentyoffishinthesea天涯何处无芳草；Allthatglittersisnotgold闪光的未必都是金子；Whenthecatisaway，themicewillplay山中无老虎，猴子称霸王；Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。句意为：——看这些吵闹的孩子。——你没听说过“山中无老虎，猴子称霸王”吗？根据句意可知选C。8．fired，yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldyoubeB．ShouldyoubeC．CouldyoubeD．Mightyoube答案　B解析　句意为：你如果被解雇了，你的医疗保险和其他的利益不会被立刻取消。本题考查了虚拟语气的倒装。如果虚拟语气的条件从句中的谓语动词中含有were，had，should；有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were，had，should之后，构成倒装。故选B。9．HowwouldyoulikeifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?A．themB．oneC．thoseD．it答案　D解析　句意为：如果你正在看最喜爱的电视节目，这时有人进来没有征求你的意见就把电视关了，你会怎么想？固定表达howwouldyoulikeitif...，在此结构中it代替后面if从句的内容。10．Afteralongvacation，Mikecameback.22\nA．freshlyandstronglyB．beingfreshandstrongC．freshandstrongD．tobefreshandstrong答案　C解析　句意为：长假后，麦克回来时精力充沛。作主语补足语，对主语补充说明或对主语状态的描述用形容词。副词是对动词的修饰，“精力充沛”是对人而言的，不是对动作“cameback”而言的，所以A项错误。Ⅱ.阅读理解AElNiño，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspenton22\nrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2022byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.语篇解读　本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。11．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNiñoinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化。12．WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。22\n13．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNiñodeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“...however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance...”可知以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。14．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNiño.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.答案　D解析　写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisk...”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。BProfessionalcourses，suchasMastersinInternationalBusinessorMIB，havebeentakenbymanystudentsinthelasttwodecades.Theyarechoosingnew-agenon-conventionalcoursesthatguaranteeabetterfuture.MIBisaspecializedcoursethatteachestheinternationalbusiness.TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.ThecoursecontentandteachingmethodsofMIBarequitedifferentfromanormalMBAorMasterofBusinessAdministration.Ithasbeendesignedwiththesoleobjectiveofdevelopingprofessionalswithanindepthunderstandingandknowledgeoftheinternationaltrade.ThecourseoffersvariousadvantagesovertheconventionalMBAdegreecourse.22\nThemassiveincreaseintheinternationalbusinessandforeigntradegivesexcellentjobprospects(前景)tothenewgeneration.AcquiringadegreeofMIBoffersoutstandinggrowthofjobopportunities.ThosewhowanttopursueinthefieldofmarketingalsohaveagoodfutureaftercompletingthedegreefromareputedMIBcollege.BigmultinationalorganizationslookfortalentedpeoplewhocanhandlethejobprofileofInternationalMarketingManage，andpeoplewithMIBdegreesarepreferred.Theprofileneedsanin-depthunderstandingoftheoverseasmarkets，becauseitisthestrategicpostfromtheperspectiveofcompany’sinternationalbusinessgrowth.SincebusinessfinanceandeconomicsarecoveredatlengthinthecurriculumofMIB，studentshavegreatjoboffersinthefieldoffinanceaswell.Typically，organizationsoffertheprofileofinternationalfinancecontrollerstothosewhocompleteMIBwiththespecializationoffinance.Thespecializationcoversaspectsofinternationaltaxes，accounts，budgetingandsoon.Peopleinthisfieldarewell-paid，andgrowthprospectsareunlimited.AftercompletingdegreecoursefromareputedMIBcollege，thereisagoodscopeinthebankingandfinancesectoraswell.Internationalbanksappointpeoplewhohaveanexcellentgraspovertheinternationalbankingpolicies，currencyexchange，andinternationalpolicies.Thus，MIBisthegoldenkeytosuccesswithbrilliantjobopportunitiesinnationalandmultinationalsectors.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。现在MIB(国际工商硕士)课程越来越受欢迎，文章对其受欢迎的具体原因进行了分析。15．Thesecondparagraphismainlydevelopedby.A．analyzingcausesB．listingfiguresC．makingcomparisonsD．provingdefinition答案　C解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和最后一句可知，本段主要是通过对比MIB和MBA课程之间的区别来组织写作的。22\n16．MoreandmorepeopleintendtoacquireadegreeofMIBbecause.A．itisacompulsorycourseinthecollegesB．itoffersthemconventionaleconomicknowledgeC．itoffersthemopportunitiestodosmallbusinessD．ithelpsthemgetgoodjobsinsomeorganizations答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句可知，很多大型国际组织更喜欢聘用有MIB学位的人才，这才是越来越多的人学习MIB课程的主要原因。17．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theinternationalfinancecontrollerisahigh-qualityjob.B．Peoplegethighersalaryinbusinessfieldthaninfinancefield.C．MIBholdersaremorepromisinginallcareersthanothers.D．InternationalbanksonlyacceptemployeesfromMIBcolleges.答案　A解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，MIB课程中含有商业金融方面的课程，通常，很多组织会把国际金融控制师的工作给这些完成MIB学位的人，说明这是一份非常好的工作。18．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．TomakeanadvertisementfortheMIBcourse.B．ToanalyzethedisadvantagesoftheMIBcourse.C．ToexplainwhytheMIBcourseisgettingpopular.D．TopredictthedevelopmenttrendoftheMIBcourse.答案　C解析　写作意图题。根据文章第一段可知，现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎，本段最后一句“TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.”提出这一课程受欢迎有很多原因，文章接下来的三段主要说明具体的原因。Ⅲ.完形填空(2022·扬州期中)Idecidedtobecomeacometsearcheronabrightclearmorning50yearsagoinMontreal.Itwasabitofanimpromptu(即兴的)19.IhadaFrenchtest20andknewthattheexaminer，MrHutchison，wouldaskmeaboutmycareerplans.Ihadto22\ncomeupwithsomethingthatwasbothcredibleandeasily21intoFrench.AboutsixyearsearlierItrulyhadbecome22aboutthenightsky，buttostandupandsay，“Astronomie！”wasnotenough.MrHutchisonwouldwant23.Irecalled—acometthathadrecentlybeendiscoveredfromJapan—onethat24becamethebrightestofthe20thcentury.Withoutafurtherthought，IdecidedthatIwasgoingtobea25forcomets.Notcoincidentally，theEnglishandFrenchwordsforacomet(unecomete)soundvery26，somynewoccupationwas27totalkaboutinFrench.And28totheanswerIgaveMrHutchison，Ibegansearchingforcometsaftergraduation.Fortunately，workingasasciencejournalistandgivinglecturesaboutthenightskyhaveallowedmeto29mycosmicpassionandstillpaythebills.Discoveringmyfirstcomet30almost19years.Onthatparticularnight，November13,1984.AsI31thetelescopeagainandagain，Islowly32thatafuzzy(模糊的)objectwasnotstayinginthesameplacebutwascreepingnorthward，asonlyacomet33.ItelephonedanastronomeratLowellObservatoryAriz，who34myfind.IfeltasthoughIcould35rightuptotheskyIlovedsomuch.MichaelRudenkodiscoveredthecometthenextevening，and36thenewobjectbecameknownasCometLevy-Rudenko.Inthefollowing50years，Idiscovered22othernewcomets.Itisthejoyofthesearch，37thediscoveries，that38megoing.语篇解读　文章主要讲述50年前的一个晴朗的早晨，作者即兴决定成为一名彗星搜索者。最终作者真的发现了彗星。19．A.planB．ideaC．decisionD．thought答案　C22\n解析　根据本段第一句可知作者是在50年前的一个早晨决定做一名彗星搜寻者的，所以这可以算的上是一个即兴的决定。根据题意，故选C。20．A.comingupB．comingtoC．comingoverD．comingdown答案　A解析　根据下文的“wouldaskmeaboutmycareerplans”可知此时考试还未进行，故此空意为即将到来的考试。comeup即将发生，符合语境，故选A。21．A.expressedB．putC．writtenD．spoken答案　B解析　句意为：我不得不想出一些既可信又容易用法语表达的东西。根据下文中的“EnglishandFrenchwordsforacomet(unecomete)soundvery...”可知，因为彗星这个词英法发音相似，所以作者此处应该是想找用法语容易表达的东西。putinto把……译成，用……表达。根据题意，故选B。22．A.particularB．curiousC．passionateD．confident答案　C解析　particular特别的；curious好奇的；passionate激昂的，热情的；confident确信的，深信的。根据下文的“cosmicpassion”可知作者充满了热情，故选C。23．A.detailsB．contentsC．descriptionsD．contacts答案　A解析　句意为：Hutchison先生会想要细节。根据“...buttostandupandsay，‘Astronomie！’wasnotenough.”可知，Hutchison先生想要听到更多详细的信息。故选A。24．A.inevitablyB．invariablyC．unexpectedlyD．eventually答案　D解析　句意为：我记得——最近从日本发现的一颗彗星——最终成为20世纪最明亮的一颗。eventually终于，最后。故选D。25．A.reporterB．hunter22\nC．researcherD．observer答案　B解析　reporter记者；hunter猎人；researcher研究员，调查者；observer观察者。根据上文“Idecidedtobecomeacometsearcher”可知，hunter与searcher意义相近，故选B。26．A.differentB．sameC．alikeD．pleasant答案　C解析　句意为：并非巧合的是，彗星的英语和法语单词的发音非常相似，所以我的新职业很容易用法语表达。根据上文“Ihadtocomeupwithsomething...intoFrench”及“Notcoincidentally”可推知comet英语单词与法语单词的发音很相似(alike)。故选C。27．A.hardB．mildC．casualD．easy答案　D解析　参考上题解析。hard困难的；mild温柔的；casual偶然的，临时的；easy容易的。上文中的easily亦是提示。故选D。28．A.trueB．closeC．openD．contrary答案　A解析　根据上文可知，作者给老师的回答是做一名彗星猎人，而下一句则说了他开始寻找彗星，可知他忠于自己的回答。truetosth.忠诚于，忠实于。故选A。29．A.arouseB．shareC．awakenD．pursue答案　D解析　根据上文可知，作者很早就对夜空充满激情，故此处应为追求(pursue)自己的激情。故选D。30．A.tookB．spentC．costD．used答案　A22\n解析　句意为：发现我的第一个彗星几乎花了19年的时间。在作“花费时间”的意义解时，spend的主语只能是人，而take的主语则人和事都可以，cost为花费金钱或时间、精力(多为笼统的)。故选A。31．A.lookedintoB．lookedthroughC．sawthroughD．sawto答案　B解析　lookinto调查；lookthrough快速查看，浏览；seethrough看透，识破；seeto照料，料理。根据下文的“slowly”可知，此处应该是指一遍遍地快速浏览。故选B。32．A.consentedB．realizedC．concludedD．recognized答案　B解析　根据语境可知，作者是在一遍遍地快速浏览的过程中才慢慢发现那个模糊的物体是移动的。所以此处应该是指他慢慢察觉出。realize察觉出，认识到。故选B。33．A.mightB．shouldC．wouldD．could答案　C解析　此处可以看成一个省略句，补充完整为“asonlyacometcreeplikethat.”意为“因为只有彗星会这样缓慢移动”，would有“总是，爱，好，就”的意思，用在此处，符合语境。故选C。34．A.acceptedB．confirmedC．approvedD．opposed答案　B解析　根据下文可知，作者发现的这一物体就是彗星。所以应该是他的发现被确认。accept接受；confirm确认；approve批准，认可；oppose相对。根据题意，故选B。35．A.climbB．growC．fleeD．float答案　D解析　根据语境可知作者很高兴，高兴地快要飘到天上去了。故用float“飘浮”，生动贴切。故选D。36．A.yetB．stillC．thusD．also22\n答案　C解析　因为作者首先发现了这颗彗星，第二天晚上Rudenko也发现了它，所以最终该彗星以两人的名字命名。前后为因果关系。故选C。37．A.morethanB．betterthanC．otherthanD．ratherthan答案　A解析　句意为：是搜索的乐趣，而不仅仅是那些发现，让我继续前行。morethan不只是，超过；betterthan比……更好；otherthan除了，不同于；ratherthan而不是。根据题意，故选A。38．A.dragsB．keepsC．leavesD．catches答案　B解析　参见上题解析。keepsb.going让某人继续前行。故选B。22